1、,语法集中学,词类,英语中的词可以根据词义、语法功能和形式特征分为十大类，即名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、形容词(adjective)、副词(adverb)、动词(verb)、数词(numeral)、冠词(article)、介词(preposition)、连词(conjunctions)和感叹词(interjection)。 名词 Noun(n.)： 表示人或事物的名称。名词分为可数名词如：pen 钢笔 teacher 老师，不可数名词如：idea主意，fire 火，air 空气。 形容词Adjective(adj.)： 表示人或事物的特征，如：bad, beautiful 副词
2、Adverbs(adv.)： 修饰动词，形容词或其它副词，如：very, quickly,动词 Verb：(vi. vt.)： 表示动作或状态如：study, be 代词 Pronoun(pron.)： 代替名词，数词等，如：they, one 数词 Number(num.)： 表示数量或顺序，如：five, tenth 冠词 Article(art.)： 限制名词的意义，只有3个：不定冠词 a, an(在元音开头的名词前)，主要用来表示不肯定的“某一个或任何一个”，一般与单数可数名词联用。定冠词 the, the (在元音开头的名词前)，主要用来表示指定的人或事物，以区别同类中其他的人或事物
3、。相当于汉语中的“那个，那些，这个这些”。它既可以和单数名词，复数名词连用，又可以和不可数名词连用。,句子主要成分,介词 Preposition(prep.)：表示名词，代词和其它词的关系，如：in, for, of 连词 Conjunction(conj.)：连结词与词或句与句，如：and, because 感叹词 Interjection(interj.)：表示说话时的感情或口气，如：oh, hey 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为
4、两类： 1)，简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。We study for the people. 我们为人民学习。 2)，复合谓语：情态动词V原 I can speak a little English. 我可以说一点英语。 3、表语 表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是护士。,4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。We like English. 我们喜欢英语
5、。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。He is a new student. 他是个新生。但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。The bike in the room is mine. 房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。He lives in Londo
6、n. 他住在伦敦。,基本句型,一、句型1： Subject (主语) Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如： 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生 3）Spring is coming.4) We have lived in t
7、he city for ten years. 二、句型2：Subject (主语) Link. V(系动词) Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。系动词包括Be动词和感官动词 如smell，look，sound，taste,三、句型3：Subject(主语) Verb (谓语) Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 他拿着书包离开了。2) Li Lei always help
8、s me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。 四 主 动 间接 直接宾 He gives me a book 五 主 动 宾 宾补 The noise makes me angry,一般现在时,一、 定义一般现在时：表示经常性的事情，经常性的动作或一般性事实。单三变化： 1.多数在动词后s play plays like likes （1）直接在动词词尾加-s. ask-asks work-works get-gets stay-stays （2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es. watch-watc
9、hes wish-wishes fix-fixes do-does go-goes pass-passes （3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es. try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies 2.不规则变化： be- is have-has,构成 一般现在时的构成主要有两种形式： （1）be型： 1肯定句中，只出现be， 2否定句中，be not 3一般疑问句，be动词提前 （2）实义动词型 a肯定句中，只出现实义动词， b否定句中，要在实义动词前面加do（does）not，do（does） c一般疑问句，do或does+
10、肯定句,一般现在时用法1. 表示经常性，习惯性,永久性的动作或存在的状态.。 They usually go to school by bike. There are 50 students in my class. 2. 表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day. 3 表示格言，谚语 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 The man who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man.,1. She
11、_(go) to school at seven oclock. 3. He usually _ up at 17:00.(get ) 4. She _ (live) in Beijing. 5. Amy _ (be) here just now. 7. My father _ (watch) TV every evening . 8. My father _ (make) toys these days. 9?_ Amy _ (read) English every day 10. Chen Jie sometimes _(go)to the park with her sister （二）
12、.选择填空 1I want_homework now. A. doing B. to do C. to do my D. do my 2Its time_. A. go to school B. play games C. to go home D. to do my homeworks 3_go and help her. A. Lets me B. Lets us C. Lets D. Lets to 4Do they have a new car? Yes,_. A .they are B.they have C. they dont D. they do 5He often _ sup
13、per at 6:00 in the evening. A. have B. has c. is having D. is eating 6. We _ any Chinese classes on Friday. A. are having B. arent having C. dont have D. are have,（三）、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _ (have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _ (be) in Class One. 3. We _ (not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick
14、_ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. they _ (like) the World Cup 7. your parents _ (read) newspapers every day 8. The girl _ (teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _ (take) a walk together every evening. 11. Mike_ (like) cooking. 12. They _ (have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _ (look) after her b
15、aby carefully. 14. You always _ (do) your homework well.,15. I _ (be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _ (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _ (do) not like PE. 18. The child often _ (watch) TV in the evening. 19. Wang Kai and Wang li_ (have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _ (be)
16、 it today? Its Saturday. 1. We often_(play) in the playgound. 2. He _(get) up at six oclock. 3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning？ 4. What _(do) he usually do after school? 5. Danny_(study) English at school. 6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she _(watch
17、) TV with his parents. 8. _ Mike_(read) English every day?,1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答) 2. I have many books. （改为否定句） 3. Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句） 4. She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句） 5. I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句） 6. David has got
18、 a goal. （改为一般疑问句） 7. We have four lessons.（否定句） 8. Nancy doesnt run fast （肯定句） 9. My dog runs fast. 否定句,一般现在时专项练习 一、 单选 1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work 2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D ha
19、s 4 the sun _in the east and _in the west. A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets 5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied,二、填空 1 I can take Li Mi
20、ng there when he _ ( come) to visit. 2 _your sister_(know)English? 3Her home_ _ _(远离 )her school. 4The pot_(not look) like yours very much. 5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day? 7 _she_(do) the housework every day? 8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .,小宇看起来很可爱 肯定句：Xiao Yu looks cu
21、te. 否定句 Xiao Yu doesnt look cute 一般疑问句：does Xiao Yu look cute? 高山是个男孩 诗源会打CS,现在进行时,定义 现在进行时是表示正在发生的动作。 构成 be(am, is, are)+v.-ing 主要句型： 1）肯定句：主语+be+v.-ing+sth. I am playing the piano.我正在弹钢琴。 2）否定句：主语+be+not+v.-ing+sth. I am not playing the piano now.我现在没有弹钢琴。 3）一般疑问句：Be+主语+v.-ing+sth.? Are you playin
22、g the piano?你正在弹钢琴吗？ Yes,I am No,I am not.4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句句式What are you playing? I am playing the piano.我正在弹钢琴。,动词变现在分词的变化规则,1)一般加-ing。如：dodoing listenlistening cookcooking 2）动词以不发音的e结尾时，去e加-ing。如：taketaking makemaking writewriting 但动词以ee结尾时，直接加-ing。如：seeseeing 3）重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母，再加-ing。 swimswimm
23、ing runrunning putputting sitsitting beginbeginning stopstopping 4）特殊情况 lielying diedying tietying,一般现在时和现在进行时的区别,1.概念不同 2 一般现在时表示动作瞬间完成的，现在进行时表示动作持续未完成 The bus stops The bus is stopping,三、用现在进行时完成下列句子: 1.What_you_(do)? 2._(sing) an English song. 3.What_he_(sing)? 4.He_(drive) a car. 5._you_(make) a
24、 kite?Yes,_. 6._she_(sit) on the chair? 7._you_(ask) questions? 8.We_(play) games now.,一般过去时,定义,在确定的过去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。 1.含有be动词（was, were)的过去时态 am/is-was are-were： 肯定句：was/were Jay chou was 33 one year ago . 否定句 were/was+not. Jay chou wasnt 33 one year ago . 疑问句 was/were提前was Jay chou 33 one year ago
25、 ? 2 实义动词型 肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语 I went home at nine oclock yesterday.（我昨天九点钟回的家。）,否定句：主语+didnt +动词原形I didnt go home yesterday. (我昨天没回家。) 疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形Did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了吗？) 肯定回答： Yes, I did. (是的，我回了。) 否定回答：No, I didnt. 3.含有情态动词的过去时态 肯定句：情态动词过去式+V原 否定句：情态动词过去式+not +V原 一般疑问句：情态动词提前 will
26、would can -could may might must must,3.动词过去式的变化规则：,1） 一般在词尾直接加ed。 playplayed workworked 2） 以e结尾的动词只加d. like- liked loveloved . 3）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed.studystudied carrycarried4） 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音 字母，再加ed. stopstopped 不规则动词am (是) -was, begin（开始）-began, bring（拿来）-brought, catch（捉住）-
27、caught, come（来）-came, cut（砍，割）-cut,1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _ 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _(not visit) he
28、r aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning. 6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year. 7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night. 8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _. 9. How _(be) Jims weekend? It
29、_(be not) bad.,1.The Browns _ a nice car and Browns brother _ a nice jeep. A. have / have B. has / has C. have / has D. has / have 3. _ he _ a good rest? No, he didnt.A. Have, had B. Did, have C. Did, had D. Had, had,一般将来时,定义 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作常与表示将来的时间状语连用 如：tomorrow , soon , next
30、 Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening， the day after tomorrow（后天）等 构成及变化 1.be going to+动词原形 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。1.肯定句：主语+ be going to +动词原形+其它My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。2.否定句：主语+be not going to +动词原形+其它I am not going to the movie tonigh
31、t.我今天晚上不打算去看电影。,3.一般疑问句： Be+主语+going to+动词原型+其它Is your father going to play basketball with you ? No , he isnt./Yes，he is. 你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗? 4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过？ 注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go ，come 等表位移的动词 一般用该动 词的进行时形式表示。如: 1 Hes going to New York
32、next week.下周他要去纽约.,2.shallwill +动词原形 （shall一般用于第一人称，will用于所有人称）表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性, 还 用来表示意愿。1.肯定句：主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它I shall write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。2.否定句 主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。 3.一般疑问句 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它Will you stay at home wit
33、h us tomorrow ？ 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗？ 4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句 When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来,区别：（1）be going to 主要用于：1、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算要做的事情。 Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看京剧。 2、表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.瞧！乌云密集，天
34、要下雨。I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。,2) will 主要用于在以下几个方面：1、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。 2、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是（将） 是星期日。3、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。eg: Will you please turn on the radio? 请
35、打开收音机好吗？ Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗,1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday?I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday?I _ play basketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother
36、_ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet?,句型专换5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. Ill go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
37、 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?,10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 11. T
38、oday is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike. 14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects,
