1、Passive-Voice,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加by 动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+ pp,主动语态,被动语态,语态动词形式表,Electricity is used to run machines. (电用于驱动机器。),This railway line will have been completed by next October. （这条铁路将于十月份前竣工。）,He told us that a big reservoir wa
2、s being built in his hometown. (他告诉我们他的家乡正在建造一个大型水库。),含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词（can, may, must）+be +过去分词构成。例如： This machine must be operated with care. 这台机器必须小心操作。,含有 “be going to” “be to” 等结构的谓语，变成被动语态时，分别用“be going +to be +过去分词 “和 “be +to+过去分词“构成。例如： The problem is going to be discussed at the meeti
3、ng.The meeting is to be held on the 10th of October.,被动语态与基本句型 （Passive-Voice-Basic Patterns）,主+动（SV) He studies very hard.主+动+表 (SVP) He is a student.主+动+宾 (SVO) He studies English.主+动+宾+补 (SVOC) His father will make him a doctor.主+动+间宾+直宾 (SVOiOd) He gave me some book.,主语+动词+宾语People grow rice in
4、the south. （主动） 在南方人们种植水稻。Rice is grown in the south. （被动） 水稻在南方种植。,主语+动词+宾语+宾补1）They elected him chairman of the club. 他们选举他为这个俱乐部的主席。He was elected chairman of the club. 他被选为这个俱乐部的主席。,The teacher asked the students to write a composition. The students were asked to write a composition.Tom painted
5、the door blue. The door was painted blue by Tom.,注 如果主动句子中的宾补是不带to的不定式，当句子变成被动语态时作为主补的不定式则应该加上to例如： The manager made his secretary work overtime. 经理迫使他的秘书加班加点。 The secretary was made to work overtime. 这个秘书被迫使加班加点。,主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 该句型有两种被动语态形式，即：间接宾语和直接宾语均可成为被动句的主语。 例如： Father will give her and expen
6、sive present. (Active voice) She will be given and expensive present. (by her father) An expensive present will be given (to) her (by her father),注 及物的短语动词也可使用被动语态，但是要防止遗漏与动词连用的介词或副词。例如： a. John turned on the radio. The radio was turned on by John.,Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken
7、care of by Grandma.,有些动词虽然是及物的，但是由于表示的是状态或关系，通常不用于被动语态，常见的这部分动词有：cost, fit, have, hold, lack, last, own, possess, resemble, suit例如： The boy resembles his father. 不可以说成：His father is resembled by the boy.,有少数短语动词如：be taken in （上当，受骗）,be supposed to do something (应该，被期望)，be intended for something (som
8、ebody)/to do something(旨在，用于)，通常只用于被动语态。 例如： If you trust him, you will certainly be taken in. 如果你相信她，你肯定会上当的。,我们应该七点在大门口见面。 We are supposed to meet at the gate at seven. 这本书是面向初学者而编写的。 The book is intended for beginner.,带有宾语从句的句子在转换成被动语态时，常需要将宾语从句变成主语从句，通常，用形式主语it 来代替，而将主语从句后置，例如： They said that th
9、e figure was accurate. 人们说那个数字是准确的。 It was said that the figure was accurate. 据说，那个数字是准确的。,get 和become 作被动语态助动词的用法 （Passive Voice: get, become）,get 和become 也是英语中被动语态的两个助动词，与be 不同的是，get 和become多用于口语，一般不带by 短语，提问和否定时要借助于do，但是，get 和become 用作被动语态助动词时，可以有自己的时、体形式，也能用于不定式被动结构。多含义方面来说，be-passive 侧重于动作本身，ge
10、t强调结果；become 强调过程，get 有时带有不快或不顺利的含义。 例如：,The daughter of a friend of mine got married last Saturday. 上个星期六，我朋友的女儿结婚了。 How did you foot get hurt. 你的脚是怎么受伤的？ Our patience is becoming exhausted with their constant annoyances 接二连三恼人的事情使我人的耐心逐渐消尽。 His name didnt become known to the dancing world until th
11、e 1960s. 直到二十世纪六十年代，他的名字才为舞蹈界所了解。,主动形式表示被动意义 （form in Active, meaning in Passive),英语中有一部分动词用作谓语时，形式是主语，但是表示的意思确是被动的，通常有以下两种情况出现： 转化为系动词的感官动词+表语。例如： Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 This machine feels very soft. 这种衣料摸起来非常好,由少数及物动词转化而来的不及物动词 常见的此类不及物动词有：break, cut, dry, fill, lock, open, read. Sell,
12、 shut ,wash, wear, write, peel等。例如： This pen doesnt write well. 这支笔不好用。 Ripe oranges peel easily. 熟了的桔子容易剥皮。,被动结构和系表结构 （Passive Voice and SVP）,be+过去分词不一定都是被动语态，因为过去分词有时可作形容词用，所以be+过去分词有时是系表结构。它们的区别在于：被动语态结构强调动作；而系表结构表示状态，性质，试比较： The tree was uprooted by the wind. （被动结构） 那棵树被风连根揭起。 The tree was uproo
13、ted when we saw it. （系表结构） 当我们看到那棵树时，它已是连根拔起来的了。,The library is closed at six. （被动语态） 图书馆在六点关门。 The library is closed now. （系表结构） 图书馆已经关门了。,被动语态的用法（Use of Passive Voice）,不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书已经被译成多种文字。A new hospital will be built in this district.
14、这个地区将要建一座新医院。,一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 Some new computers were stolen last night. 这本书出版于1981年。 This book was published in 1981.,强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。,动作的对象是谈话的中心，例如： Th
15、is hotel was designed by a famous architect. 这个旅馆是一位著名的建筑家设计的。 Such songs are usually sung by girls, not by boys. 这些歌曲通常是女孩子而不是男孩子唱的。,修辞的需要（为了使句子更加简练，匀称） He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. He appeared on the stage and the audience warmly applauded him.,其它要注意的问题 （other
16、 Considerations） 被动语态与by 短语 除了特别需要说出动作执行者以外，一般无须使用by 短语.Paper was first made in China. 纸是最早在中国制造的。 Cars are driven by engines. 汽车是由引擎发动的。,在下列的句子中BY 短语不是表示执行者，而是表示方法或手段：,Electricity can be produced by various methods. 电可用多种方法来产生。 Useful facts may be collected either by making careful observations by
17、setting up experiments. 有用的数据可以通过细致和观察或者通过实验来收集。,注 在下列的句子变成被动语态时，不要误用by短语，因为这里指的是“使用的材料”。 Smoke filled the room. 烟雾弥漫了房间。 The room was filled with smoke. 房间里烟雾弥漫。 Paint covered the lock. 油漆盖住了锁。 The lock was covered with paint. 锁被油漆盖住了。,汉语被动结构的英译,汉语中，使用被动结构的句子很多，不少带有“被”，“受”，“由”等词，例如： 她被派到边远地区工作。 She
18、 was sent to a remote area to work.,他受到批评了。 He was criticized.这项决定将由经理作出。 This decision will be made by the manager.,在另外一些汉语被动结构中，没有这类标记，这时需要从主谓关系不来对其作出正确识别。例如： 山坡上种上了很多树。 Many trees have been planted on the hillside.,这个问题要认真对待。 This problem must be dealt with seriously.运动会定于星期日举行。 The sports meet w
19、ill be held on Sunday.,exercise,1.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week Aare to be held B. is to be held C. are holding Dwill hold,Multiple choice,B,2. Im sorry,sirYour recorder isnt ready yetIt _ in the factoryis being repairedis repairedhas been repairedhasnt been repaired,A,3Every
20、possible means _, but none _ successful A. has tried; has proved Btried; proves C. has been tried; proves D. is being tried; is proved,C,4The question he asked is hard _ A. for answerB. to answerCto be answeredD. answering,B,5In warm weather, fruit and meat _ longcannot be keptdont keepmustnt keepis
21、 not kept,A,6He received a telegram _: “Mother ill”Awritten B. readingC. saidD. writing,B,7. -Did you hand him the letter yesterday?-No, I _ to himbrought ittook ithad it sentcarried it,C,8Alice had a dress _ last week Amade B. make C. to be made D. to make,A,9The teacher couldnt make him _ attentio
22、n to because the students were so noisy.paypaidto payto be paid,B,10.-When will the lecture begin?-When the students _Ahave satBsat downCwill sitDare seated,D,Oral practice-主动句改被动句,Oral practice-1. Change each sentence into passive voice: A car knocked him down yesterday.Two doctors and ten nurses m
23、ake up the medical teamWhen I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree,He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by twoA fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.,4)Well put on the play next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)The
24、y had completed the railway by the end of last year,The play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of last year,7)We should protect the earth8)You need to paint the wall,The earth should be protectedThe wall needs to be painted,
