1、This Is English Unit 32 Things Go Wrong,By Emily 十二师电大 宋玉凤,Focus for Today,动词不定式表示目的 被动语态 直接引语和间接引语,Grammar_动词不定式表示目的,动词不定式表示目的（1）,动词不定式可用来表示目的，相当于in order to eg：I come here to find her.（我来这里是为了找她。）I went to Paris to discuss the changes. 记住下面句型，也可用来表示目的：enough+名词+to+动词；enough+名词+for+名词/动名词；,动词不定式表示目
2、的（2）,He has enough time to do the work.（他有足够的时间来做这项工作。） I have enough money for the journey.（我有足够旅行的钱。） 练习： 完成 Activity3 Part A; Activity 4 注意：to+动词，for+名词/doing,Grammar被动语态see sb do sth / see sb doing sthinstead,被动语态 (1)主动语态,主动语态中，主语是谓语动作的执行者或者是动作的发出者； I like music. She made the cake. We have repai
3、red the car.,被动语态 (2)-被动语态,被动语态中，主语是谓语动作的实施对象；或说主语是谓语动作的承受者。 句型：主语+be的各种时态+过去分词（+by+施动者） be的各种时态包括：一般现在时，一般将来时，现在完成时，将来完成时，一般过去式，过去完成时。,被动语态 (3),一般现在时：eg: The room is cleaned every day (by us).,一般将来时：eg: The room will be cleaned today (by Marry).,现在完成时：eg: The room has been cleaned (by Marry).,一般过去时
4、：eg: The room was cleaned (by Marry).,被动语态 (3),过去完成时：eg: The room had been cleaned (by Marry) before I got there.,将来完成时：eg: The room will have been cleaned (by Marry) before we get there.,被动语态的各种时态，只需要把be看作动词，作相应的事态变化就可以了。,see sb. do sth. / see sb. doing sth.,see sb do sth,表示看见某人作某事的全过程。 see sb doin
5、g sth, 表示看见某人作某事的一部分，不是全过程。eg: I saw him loading the van.我看见他正在装车。I saw him load the van.我看见他装车了。,see sb. do sth. / see sb. doing sth.,与see用法相同的动词还有：feel, watch, hear, listen to, observe等这些感官动词,但有时ing形式和do形式意思区别不大。 eg: I heard him singing in the next room.I heard him sing in the next room.,instead,I
6、nstead 可以代替句子中的短语或分句，含有“不是而是”的含义，表示应该做而没有做。 Instead 若是与名词或者动名词连用时要加上介词of You should not go home, you should meet marry instead. He was supposed to meet marry after work instead of staying at home.,直接引语和间接引语,直接引语和间接引语 (1),直接引语：将某人说的话原文不动地方在引号内，这叫做直接引语（direct speech）. 间接引语：用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，这叫做间接引
7、语（reported speech） eg: He said: “I am waiting for you”.He said (that) he was waiting for me.,直接引语和间接引语(2),可以引导间接引语的动词一般都是表示说的动词，如：say, tell, ask, report等等。 eg: Tim told me (that) the window was smashed.,直接引语变间接引语(3),直接引语变为间接引语时，动词的时态，人称代词，时间状语，地点状语等要发生相应的变化。引语的时态要与主句部分一致 eg: Jim said: “ I like swimm
8、ing.”Jim said that he liked swimming.,直接引语变间接引语(3),2. 人称代词要变化，原则上要站在主句的主语的立场上,其次要站在个人立场上，选择相应的人称代词。 she said:” We need some evidence.”she said they needed some evidence.,直接引语和间接引语(6),3. 时间状语，地点状语要发生相应的变化eg: he said: “ I am working now.”he said he was working then.eg: Jim said: “you should stay here.
9、”Jim told me that I should stay there. 原则：变换角色，身临其境。,直接引语和间接引语(4),如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，需要将疑问句改为陈述句语序。eg: Susan asked: “ what do you like best?”Susan asked (me) what I liked best. 注释：me在这里是间接宾语可以省略。,直接引语和间接引语(5),如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，需要在引述动词ask 后加if, 然后将疑问句改为陈述句语序。eg: Susan asked: “ do you like soccer
10、 best?”Susan asked (me) if I liked soccer best.eg: can I take a statement at this time？she asked if she could take a statement at that time.,Focus for Today,动词不定式表示目的enough+名词+to+动词；enough+名词+for+名词/动名词 被动语态构成：be +donesee sb do sth / see sb doing sthinstead 直接引语和间接引语,Homework,The new words The focus for today Activity9; Activity13 Activity18 Exercises in the workbook,Thank You,
