1、倒装句,倒装句|句装倒,英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后（主语+谓语）。为了强调句中的某一部分把原来的语序重新调整，通常将助动词等放在主语之前，称为倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装; 如果只把助动词或be 动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。,inversions,基本语序（natural order）：,主语+谓语+宾语 （subject + predicate+ object）,I love English.,谓语+主语,完全倒装 (full inversion),Here came the headmaster.,助动词/情态动词+ 主语 + 动词,部分倒装 (parti
2、al inversion),Nerve will I forgive you.,全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有：,一、完全倒装,1.用于there be句型 There are many students in the classroom. 2.某些状语位于句首时 此类状语有：表地点的状语（there，here）、表时间的状语（then，now）。如： Here are my replies to your questions. Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. Then c
3、ame the time to part. Now comes your turn. 注意：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。如： Here you are. There it is.,注意：此结构不用进行时态。常用的谓语动词有：be, come, go, lie, live, lay, seem, remain, stand等。 3.方位副词位于句首时 常见的方位副词有：in, out, up, down, away, off, back等。 In comes Mr. Smith. Out went the children. Down flew the eagle to seize the ch
4、icken. Away ran the terrified boy. 注意：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。如： In he comes. Up they climbed, almost out of breath.,4.某些表语置于句首时 1）表语为介词短语 South of the city lies a big steel factory. From the valley came a frightening sound. In his chapter will be found a satisfactory answer. Among the goods are Christmas tre
5、es, flowers, candles and toys. Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. 2）表语为形容词 Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.,3）表语为过去分词 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chines
6、e people. Seated on the ground are a group of young people. 4）表语为进行时态中的现在分词 Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen. Standing beside the table was an interpreter. 5.用于so, nor, neither开头的句子 这种句型用于重复前句部分内容，前句是肯定句用so,前句是否定句用nor，或neither。所指的往往是另一人或另一物。它的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致。如： He has been to Beij
7、ing. So have I. Li Wei cant answer the question. Neither can I.,注意：在重复前句为肯定句的内容时，若所指的是同一人或同一物，则用so表示，且不倒装。如： He said he would call on her. So he did. Zhang ping is a top student in our class. So he is. 6.为了保持句子平衡，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时 They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.,There live
8、d a girl called A Qiao long ago. _ 2. Here comes your husband. _ 3. Out rushed the children. _ 4. In the front of the classroom sits a professor._ 5. Sitting in the front are the leaders of the school._ 6. Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday._ 7. Go are the days
9、when we used the foreign oil._,Read, change the order and discover the rule,A girl called A Qiao lived there long ago.,Your husband comes here.,The children rushed out.,A professor sits in front of the classroom.,The leaders of the school are sitting in the front.,The names of whose are written on t
10、he blackboard.,The days when we used the foreign oil are gone.,巩固练习: 1) _ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill. A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at,2) There _. And here _. A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she C. does the pho
11、ne go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she,3) Out _, with a stick in his hand. A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush 4) _ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him. A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber down C. Down jumped the robber D. D
12、own the robber jumped,5) Near the church _ cottage. A. was such an old B. had a so old C. was such old a D. is so an old,6) _, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits. A. Einstein was such B. Such was Einstein C. Einstein was so D. So was Einstein 7) _ are the days when teachers
13、 were looked down upon. A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going,二、部分倒装,部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。,1.用于三个表示强调的句型中 1） Hardly Barely + 倒装句式（过去完成时）+ when+ 陈述句形式Scarcely （过去完成式） No sooner+倒装句式（过去完成式）+than+陈述句形式（过去时态） e.g. Hardly/barely/scarcely had he arr
14、ived at the station when the train began to leave. 2）Not only + 倒装句式 + but (also) +陈述句形式 e.g. Not only did he work faster, he worked better also.Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend.,3) Not until + 句子（陈述句式）/或时间状语 + 倒装句式 e.g. Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.Not unt
15、il yesterday did I learn anything about it. 注意下面句子不倒装： It was not until the teacher came that he finished his homework. 2.用于only开头的句子 Only + 副词/介词短语/状语从句 + 倒装句式 e.g. Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.Only once was he beaten for his dishonesty.Only by working hard can we succeed in everythin
16、g.Only in this way can you master English.Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.,1. Only in this way _ make progress in your English.A. you B. can you C. you be able to D. will you able to2. Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend. A. he could B. he was able to
17、 C. was he able to D. was able to he 3. Only in this way _ do it well. A. must we B. we could C. can we D. we can,3.某些否定词谓语句首时 Hardly; Scarcely; No longer; Seldom; Never; Barely; Rarely; Little; Not a bit; In no time; At no time; In no way; In no case; Not once +倒装句式 By no means; Nowhere; On no acco
18、unt; Under no circumstances e.g. Never shall I do this again.Little did he know who the woman was.Hardly did he know that the police were after him.By no means shall I meet him halfway.Nowhere could I find here.Under no circumstances could we agree to such a principle.,4. So, Such等表程度的副词位于句首时 此类副词有：
19、so, such, often, well, bitterly, gladly等。 e.g. So frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move. So many questions did they ask me that I got confused. So much does he worry about his position that he cannot sleep at night. Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows we
20、re broken. Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical. Gladly would I give my life to save the child. 如果so/such位于句首修饰主语时，则不用倒装。如： So few people came to his birthday party that he felt sad.,巩固练习: 1) Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off. A. I had arrived at B. had I arrived C. h
21、ad I reached D. I had got to 2) Have you ever seen anything like that before? No, _ anything like that before. A. I never have seen B. never I have seen C. never have I seen D. I have seen 3) She is not fond of cooking, _ I. A. so am B. nor am C. neither D. nor do,4) The doctor told Charlie to breat
22、he deeply and _. A. so did Charlie B. Charlie did so C. Charlie does so D. did Charlie so 5) So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly. A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone could C. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could,6) _ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong
23、. A. Not was only he B. Not only he C. Not only was he D. Not only was,7) Not until the early years of the 19th century _know what heat is. A. man did B. man C. didnt man D. did man 8) Not until I began to work _ realize how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I B. did I C. I didnt D. I9)I finally got
24、the job. Never in all life_ so happy.A. did I feel B. I feltC. I had felt D. had I felt,5.带To such表程度的词组位于句首时 To such an extent到如此程度 To what/such a degree到什么/如此程度 To such extremes到如此（极端的）程度 + 倒装句式 To such length (s)到这种（详细的）地步 e.g. To such a degree was he excited that he couldnt go to sleep that nigh
25、t. To what degree are you interested in reading? To such lengths did he speak that everyone got bored. 6.用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句 1）Were/Should/Had +主语+(not) 其他成分 =If +主语+ were/had/should + (not) 其他成分,Were he my friend, I would expect his help. Should it rain tomorrow, I should stay indoors. Had you not told
26、 me about the matter, I should never have known the whole thing. 2) Were it not for/Had it not been for + 名词 = If it were not for/hadnt been for + 名词 Were it not for their help, we should be in serious trouble. Had it not been for their support, we couldnt have won the election. 7.用于让步状语从句和原因状语从句 在让
27、步状语从句或原因状语从句中用倒装形式，其句型是：,形容词/名词（不加冠词）/分词/动词/副词 + as/though +主语 + 系动词/情态动词/助动词/谓语动词 如： Strange though it may seem, the tallest boy is the youngest.（形容词，表让步）= Although it may seem strange, the tallest boy is the youngest. Tired that he was, he went to bed early.（形容词，表原因） = Because he was tired, he wen
28、t to bed early. Woman as she is, she is courageous.（名词，表让步） = Although she is a woman, she is courageous. Coward as he was, he ran away as soon as the enemy attacked.（分词，表让步）= Because he was a coward , he ran away as soon as the enemy attacked.,Surrounded as he was by the enemy, he was not afraid.（分
29、词，表让步）= Although he was surrounded by the enemy, he was not afraid. Absorbed as he was in the book, he did not notice my entering the room.（分词，表原因）= Because he was absorbed in the book, he did not notice my entering the room. Try as he would, he might fail again.（动词） = Although he would try, he migh
30、t fail again. Hard as he studies, he cannot pass the exam.（副词） = Although he studies hard, he cannot pass the exam. Much as I like you, I will not marry you.（副词） 注意：通常用as或though引导表让步的状语从句。 通常用as或that引导表原因的状语从句。,从句中的主语较长，也可用全部倒装。如： Difficult as was the chemistry homework, it was finished in time. 若从句
31、的表语是名词，其名词前不加冠词。如： Child as he was, he has to make living. 8.用于as和than引导的状语从句 在as引导的方式状语从句和than引导的比较状语从句中，如果as和than从句的主语较长或带有长的修饰语时，可用倒装形式。 He travelled a great deal as did most of his friends. Harry is unusually tall, as are his brothers. I spend less than do nine out of ten people in my position.
32、9.用于thethe 的结构主句中,在表达“越越”时，通常用thethe这一结构，若此结构中主句的主语太长，也可用倒装句型。如： The more grain we produce, the greater will be our achievement. The greater the number of molecules present in the vapor, the larger will be the number which returns to the liquid. 蒸汽里的分子数愈大，回到液体内的分子数愈大。 10.宾语置于句首的倒装 This they do partl
33、y for ornament （装饰）and partly to keep the flies off. What will become of him, on one can tell.,11.宾语补足语提前的倒装 宾语补足语是说明宾语的，通常接在宾语后面。宾语较长时，也可将宾语补足语提前。但宾语时人称代词时则不能倒置。如： We broke the door open. We broke open the door. We broke it open. We broke open it.（错误） He made clear his strong objection to the propo
34、sals. He considers impossible what is really possible. They saw repairing the machine two workers who designed it. 12.主语修饰语后置的倒装 为使主语和动词接近，把主语的修饰语移至动词之后。如： The time had come to decorate the house for Christmas. He is a fool who cannot be angry, but he is a wise man who will not.,13.用于几个特殊结构的让步状语从句中，
35、意为“无论”。 1）“Be + 主语 + ever so 形容词”意为“无论怎样” Be a man ever so clever, he knows nothing if he doesnt learn. 无论一个人有多聪明，不学习就什么都不知道。 Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home. 家境虽然颇贫寒，天涯无处胜家园。 2）“Be + 主语 + A or B”意为“无论是A或B” Be he friend or enemy, the law regards him as a criminal. 无论他是敌是友，法律认为他是罪犯。
36、 All magnets behave the same, be they small or large. 所有磁铁，无论大小，作用相同。,3）“动词 + wh-词 + will/may”意为“无论” Come what may, we must remain cheerful. 无论发生什么事，我们必须保持愉快的心情。 Go where you will, you cannot succeed without perseverance. 无论在何处，没有坚忍不拔的意志都不会成功。 14.宾语从句为直接引语的句子位于句首时 如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用倒装结构；主语
37、是代词时，一般不用倒装。如： “Lets go,” said the man/he said. 15.用于某些表示祝愿的句子 May you succeed! 祝你成功,1. Seldom _ any mistakes during my past few years of working here. A. would I make B. did I make C. I did make D. shall I make,B.由否定词never, not, hardly, little, seldom, rarely, nowhere和否定意义的短语in no way, in no case,
38、at no time, by no means等引起的句子，常用倒装语序。,2. Not until all the fish died in the river, _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize,A. not until引导状语从句位于句首时，主句要倒装。,3. Do you know Jim quarrel with his br
39、other? I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also,B.本题考查neither 或nor连接句子时语序的倒装。,4. _got into the room, _ the telephone rang. A. He hardly; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when,B. hardly.when和no sooner .than是两个固定句型，前半部
40、分置于句首，其后分句要倒装。,5. Only in this way _ do it well. A. must we B. we could C. can we D. we can,6. Only when you have finished your homework _ go home. A. can you B. would you C. you will D. you can,C. only引导的介词短语或从句位于句首修饰状语时，句子谓语要部分倒装。,A. only修饰句子的状语，位于句首，要部分倒装。若only修饰的状语从句不倒装，则主句要倒装。,7. Many a time _
41、me good advice. A. he gave B. does he give C. he has given D. has he given,D. many修饰名词并位于句首时，句子要倒装。,8. _ I had time, I would have run round that lake again. A. If B. Unless C. Had D. When,C. 虚拟语气的倒装形式。,9. There _ . A. come they B. they come C. they are come D. they will come,10. _ that he could not
42、speak for a long time. A. So frightened was he B. So frightened he was C. Was he so frightened D. Frightened was he,B. there放于句首，主语是代词时，主语和谓语的位置不变，仍保留陈述句式。,A。so+形容词用全倒装 。,11. Autumn coming, down _. A. do the leaves fall B. the leaves will fall C. fall the leaves D. will the leaves fall,C. 表示方向和方位的副词
43、用在句首时，用全部倒装。,12. Now _ Wangs turn to keep guard. A. there is B. is going C. has come D. comes,D. now, then等副词用在句首，且谓语动词是come, go等时，句子用全部倒装。,13. Reaching the end of the swimming pool, back _. A. swam he B. did the boy swim C. the boy swam D. he swam,D. back是表示方向和方位的副词，用全部倒装，但当主语是人称代词时则不倒装。,14. _ read
44、ing and speaking English every day, he would speak it well enough now. A. Had he practiced B. Did he practice C. Should he practice D. Were he to practice,A.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，从句用过去完成时。,15. _, she is quite experienced in the work. A. As she is young B. As young she is C. Young as she is D. Young as is she,
45、C. 这是让步状语从句的倒装形式，相当于Although she was young。,16. _, I wont change my mind. A. What you will say B. Will you say what C. Say what you will D. What will you say,C.这是让步状语从句的倒装形式，相当于no matter what you say。,17. He has finished his homework, and _. A. so I have B. so have I C. I do so D. so do I,B. so在句首的倒
46、装形式表示“也一样”，用于肯定句。,18. .Not only _ this machine, but _ it. A. can he run; can he repair B. can he run; he can repair C. he can run; he can repair D. he can run; can he repair,B. not only用在句首时，要用部分倒装形式；but also后面不倒装。,19. _ school _ it began pouring. A. As soon as we reached; then B. As soon as we had
47、reached; thenC. No sooner did we reach; thanD. We had no sooner reached; than,D. no soonerthan要和过去完成时搭配，不用在句首时，句子不倒装。,20. A whale is a mammal, and it breathes through its lungs. So once in a while _ to the top of the water for air. A. comes it B. must come it C. must it come D. have it to come,C. once in a while是表示频率的副词，用在句首时，用部分倒装。,21. .So tired _ after a whole days heavy work that I _ stand on my feet. A. was I; could hardly B. was I felt; could hardly C. was I; couldnt hardly D. I was; hardly couldnt,
