1、Direct & Indirect Speechstatements and questions,Unit 1 Grammar,当我们想引述别人说的话时有两种表达方式：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。下面我们就直接引语和间接引语进行详细的讲解。,T: What did you eat this morning? S1: I ate T: What did S1 say, S2? S2: S1 said he/she had eaten ,direct speech,indirect speech,She said, “China has been using
2、 PSAs (公益广告) to educate people.” She said China had been using PSAs to educate people.,indirect speech,direct speech,Whatre the differences between direct speech and indirect speech?,Differences,direct speech,indirect speech,To report what exactly has been said,The words usually appear in quotation
3、marks,To report the meaning of what has been said without using the exact words,No quotation marks,How to change direct speech into indirect speech?,Change what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase; b. Change personal pronouns; c. Change tenses; d. Change adverbials of time and
4、place; e. Other cases.,He said, “I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much.,He said to me, “Ive left my book in your room. He told me that he had left his book in my room.,b. Change personal pronouns:,I said to her, “I have done my best.”,I told her that I had done my best.,Past conti
5、nuous,Past perfect,Past perfect,Future in the past,Past perfect,Past perfect con-tinuous,c. The changes of the tenses,Simple past,He said, “I lost a key here yesterday.”He said that he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day.,“I read the book here a week ago,” Jane said to him. Jane tol
6、d him that she had read the book there a week before.,d. Change adverbials of time and place,e. Other cases,She said, “Ill come here again tonight.”,She said she would go there again that night.,He said, “I want this.”,He said that he wanted that.,May said to Tom, “Ill bring some photos here to you
7、tomorrow.”,May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:,1. 不变的真理The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.,2. 经常的习惯：He said to
8、the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3. 历史事件：The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,4. 部分情态动词, 如must, ought to, used to, had better等：She said to me, “You must hurry up.” She said that I
9、must hurry up.,转述他人的陈述陈述句, She asked me what I was doing.,He said, “Im going to Beijing.”, He said that he was going to Beijing.,He asked, “Are you a teacher?”, He asked me if /whether I was a teacher.,She said, “What are you doing?”,2. 转述他人的疑问一般疑问句,3. 转述他人的问题特殊疑问句,解题步骤:,1. 陈述句:,“I dont like compute
10、rs,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,I dont like,computers.,told,didnt,she,Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,2. 一般疑问句: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,
11、it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,Tom said (that) there wasnt any trouble and that he was waiting for his change.,注意: 当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时, 仅能省略第一个that, 其余的不能省略。,Tom said, “ There isnt any trouble and Im wait
12、ing for my change (零钱).”,3. 特殊疑问句： When do you harvest the wheat? ( They asked him ),They asked him,when,you harvest the wheat,you harvest the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,harvested,that引导的宾语从句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,whether / if 引导的宾语从句 Joh
13、n asked Mary if that was her umbrella.,wh-词引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary when she would return him the book.,不定式 The officer ordered him not to leave his post.,that 引导的宾语从句 I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.,that / what / how 引导的宾语从句 He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was
14、.,由直接引语转变为间接引语, 有时会引起时态的变化, 注意以下几个方面。,从句动词时态不变 She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.,一般现在时 “I know it,” he said.,一般过去时 He said that he knew it.,现在进行时 “Im making coffee for you all,” she said.,过去进行时 She said she was making coffee for us all.,现在完成时 “I have seen her before,” sa
15、id he.,过去完成时 He said he had seen her before.,现在完成进行时 He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”,过去完成进行时 He said he had been doing it for hours.,一般过去时 “I saw her last Monday,” he said.,过去完成时 He said he had seen her the previous Monday.,过去进行时 “I was waiting for Jim,” she said.,过去完成进行时 She said she had
16、 been waiting for Jim.,过去完成时 “ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.,过去完成时 Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.,一般将来时 He said, “We shall start tomorrow.”,过去将来时 He said they would start the next day.,1. Jack said to me, “You
17、 look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,单选,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen
18、D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _. A.
19、 I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about
20、a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had hearda week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he hearda week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?”She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wo
21、uldthe next time D. he willnext time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I
22、 havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here,10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise,1. Alice said, “Ive just got a letter frommy father.” Alice said that _ _ ju
23、st got a letterfrom _ father. 2. Jane asked Dick, “Have you finished writing the report?” Jane asked Dick _ _ _ writing the report.,she,her,had,根据句型及句意将下列直接引语变为 间接引语，每空一词。,whether/if,he,finished,had,3. “Dont grow plants in the same place year after year,”the farmer said. The farmer _ me _ _ _ plants
24、 in the same place year after year. 4. Mr. Smith said to the girl, “I will come here to see you next Sunday.” Mr. Smith _ the girl that_ _ _ there to see _ _ Sunday.,told,not,to grow,told,he would go,her the,next,根据句型及句意将下列间接引语变为 直接引语，每空一词。,1. He told me that a friend in need isa friend indeed. He _
25、 _ me, “A friend in need_ a friend indeed.” 2. He said that he liked the film very much. He said, “ _ _ the film very much.”,said,is,to,I,like,3. She said that she had received aletter two days before. She said ,“ _ _ a letter _ _ _.” 4. He asked me whether I liked black tea or green tea. He asked m
26、e, “ _ _ _ black tea or green tea?”,I,two days ago,Do you,like,received,把下列的句子变成间接引语。,1. “Im leaving for London next week,” my sister said to me. 2. John said, “Mr. Smith has come here.” 3. She said, “Do you want me to help you?”,John said that Mr. Smith had gone there.,My sister told me that she wa
27、s leaving for London the next week.,She asked whether I wanted her to help me.,4. “Did the man in the shop understand him at last?” she said. 5. “How many people are there in your family?” he asked the boy. 6. “Dont worry,” the mother said to the children.,She asked whether the man in the shop understood him at last.,He asked the boy how many people there were in his family.,The mother told the children not to worry.,Thank you.,
