1、第八章 状语从句2 （条件、让步、结果）,Adverbial Clauses,Review,1. 足球比赛才刚刚开始就下起雨来。Hardly had the foot ball game begun when it started raining. 2. Ahead sat an old woman. 译：前面！坐着一个老人。2. 尽管年轻如他，但他很懂电脑。（用as引导的状语从句倒装以及正常语序来译） 译：Young as he is，he knows a lot about computer,1条件状语从句,翻译条件状语从句的时候，多用“如果那么”来表示条件和结果得关系。不过也不能总是如此
2、，有时候也可以考虑运用其他连接词，甚至可以考虑意合得方法，干脆不使用连接词。,2. 常见的条件状语,条件状语从句通常由 if/when（如果）, unless, suppose（倘若）, as long as/ so long as（只要）, in case（以防万一）等引导。,记:,Providing that假如 So long as 只要 On condition that 条件是 Suppose that 假如 Only if 只要 If only 但愿,要是就好了,3.条件状语从句的位置,条件状语从句放前就是先说明条件,条件状语从句的位置放后就是补充说明条件,4. if引导的条件句,
3、条件句有两类: 1)真实条件句(sentence of real condition) 例:If he has time, he will come. 如果有时间他是会来的.2)虚拟条件句.(sentence of unreal condition) 例: I would certainly go if I had the time. 要是有时间我一定走.(但是我没有时间),4.1 Real or unreal condition?,国足在世界杯上进球: 中国队要是能进球,我就投案自首!拉登 中国队要是能进球,我就停止核武器!内贾德 中国队要是能进球,我就倒着转!地球 中国队要是能进球,我就再
4、爆炸一次!宇宙以上皆为虚拟条件句,4.1 Real or unreal condition?,例: 假如你的作文还没做完,你可以明天交.以上为真实条件句,4.2 真实条件句的翻译,真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生.但是需要注意的是,这里的时态并不是规定下来的,只是一般情况如此,若遇到特殊的情况,就要仔细考虑.,Think:,The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rainedB.其实我们也要体会,一般现在时也可以表示
5、将来的可能性,例如: “If you work hard, you will get good grades.”,Exercise:,1. 如果我说了什么错话,你一定要指出来. 译:If I said anything wrong, you must point it out.2. 如果你现在走,你永远不会后悔. 译:() If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. 译:() If you leave now, you will never regret it. 注意: 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用s
6、hall, will.,4.3 难点:if引导虚拟条件句的翻译,1)表示现在及将来情况的虚拟条件句(表示纯然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况):谓语主要形式如下: 记: Would=should/could/might Baggio小口决： “过/完原，过完/现”（用粤语念） 理解：现在、将来的童话爱情, 都只是“过完（would)原”;而过去有过的（过去完成时），就让它过去（have+过去分词）吧。,Think:,对比之下,汉语的虚拟条件没有任何的时态的变化.我们思考一个问题,为什么英语的虚拟条件句就需要改变时态的形式?汉语是意合语言,所以关键在其意; 而英语是形合的语言,所以不得不依赖词的变化
7、,但是它的变化是仍然有规律的.,例: 要是有时间我一定去看亚运会. 译1:I would certainly watch the Asian Games if I had the time. (言下之意是什么?) (因为我不可能有时间,天天要上班)请比较: 译2:If I have the time I will certainly watch the Asian Games. (言下之意是什么?) (是我可能有时间啊,周末的时候很有可能看得到比赛的),不管是什么人称, 在从句中be动词多用were 这个形式. 例: If I were(过去式) you, I would (would+原形)
8、tell him the truth. 译:如果我是你,我就会告诉他真相. 分析:很明显,我不可能是你.所以这种情况下必须是使用虚拟条件句.,(CET-4 1996,6),_right now, she would get there on Sunday. A) Would she leave B) If she leavesC) Were she to leave D) If she had left C,Exercise:,1. 我要是问玛丽,她会怎样说?(我不会问) 译: What would Mary say if I asked her? 2. 要是她今天还活着,我们会多高兴呀! 译
9、1: If she were alive today, how happy we would be! 译2: Were she alive today, how happy we would be!(若是有were，had，省if倒装) 3. 如果我多一张船票,你会不会跟我一起走?张曼玉、梁朝伟 译：Would you go with me if I had one more ship ticket?,难点2) 表示过去情况的虚拟条件句,表示过去情况的虚拟条件句：谓语的主要形式如下：记 Baggio小口决： 现在、将来的童话爱情, 都只是“过完（would)原”;而过去有过的（过去完成时），就
10、让它过去（have+过去分词）吧。,Case:早上的迟到经典借口大全及虚拟语气翻译,大学迟到强悍借口： .起床低血糖一阵眩晕昏倒卫生间; .路上衣服被车撕碎只能回家换; 3.前男友跪于门前哭喊要我回头我就不回头他就要我回头; 4.进门故作惊讶状，然后就说“不是通知临时调课去A312上课吗”.,例：我要是钱包没有丢，就赶得上校车了。 If I had not lost my wallet, I would have caught the school bus.例：我要是早点动身就赶得上校车了。 If I had left a litter earlier, I would have caught
11、 the school bus.,Exercise:,1.The millions of calculation involved，if they had been done by hand，would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished (CET6) 译：若用手工来演算那些上百万次的复杂的计算，到得出结果时，这种计算就失去了其全部的价值。 2. 要是我们邀请了她，她是会来的。（可是没有邀请） 译：She would have come if we had invited her.3. 要是多穿点衣服你就不会着凉了。 译：You wouldnt have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.,
