1、主谓一致,在英语中，句子的主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数的一致关系， 叫主谓一致！,主谓一致,语法一致,意义一致,就近（一致）原则,单数主语+单数谓语动词He is/He likes 复数主语+复数谓语动词、The rich are Liming and Chenling like,The Chinese are hard-working. Chinese is not a difficult subject.,not onlybut also neithernor eitheror there be,主谓一致,1、就近原则 eitheror 和就远原则 with, except, beside
2、s, as well as, but,2、to +动词和 动词+ ing 作主语谓语用单数,3、不定代词作主语谓语用单数 something, everything, anythingsomeone, everyone, anyone,4、不可数名词作主语谓语用单数，有量词时要看量词 Two cups of tea are enough.,To learn English well is important.,练一练：,Reading in the sun _ bad for your eyesAare Bwas Cis DareSomeone _ knocking at the door n
3、owAis Bare Cwas DwereThe shoes _ mine,This pair of shoes _ my brothers.Aare，is Bis，are Care，are Dare，amEither Li Lei or I _ going to carry water for Grandma tomorrowAwas Bam Cis DAreAll but one _ here just now.A. Has B. are C. was D. were,c,A,A,B,D,5、否定词作主语谓语用单数6、看词义：例如：the Greens , family, police,
4、class, team, the youngthe speaker and writer, the number of, a number of , one ofEach of, both of., some of, two thirds of7. 一个整体作主语谓语用单数 twenty years, ten dollars,No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.,How time flies! Ten years has passed.,练一练：,No news _ good news Aare Bis
5、 Cam DWereThe police _ looking for the lost boyAis Bare Cbe Dwill beTen yuan _ not expensiveAis Bare Cbe Dwas,B,B,A,考点1：语法一致原则 (1)动词不定式、动名词、从句或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.(2)由and，bothand连接的两个名词作主语，表示两个不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数；指同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数。 如： The artist and the writer have c
6、ome to our school. (艺术家和作家，两个人) The artist and writer has come to our school. (艺术家兼作家，同一个人)(3)不定代词(somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, each, every) 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如：Each of us has to bring a bucket to the park to plant tre
7、es. 但是：We each have to bring a bucket to the park to plant trees.,(4)clothes, trousers, pants, shorts, shoes, gloves 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果有量词“a kind of, a piece of, a pair of ”等词修饰时，则依量词的单复数来定。 如：The trousers are very nice. The pair of trousers is very nice.,(5)news(新闻)，politics(政治)，maths(数学)，physics(物理
8、)等词，虽然形式上是以s结尾，但表示的意义是单数，故谓语动词要用单数形式。相反，people，police等词形式上是单数形式，但表示复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式。 如：Maths is my favourite subject. 数学是我最喜欢的学科。,(6)a/an 单数名词or two，“一至两”；作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如：A teacher or two was late for school.,练一练,The doctor and writer _(have) been here for two yearsNothing _ (be) impossible.A pair of
9、 new shoes _ given to me as a present by my father last weekToms new trousers _(be) blueHe or she _ (have) gone thereThe news _ (be) very interesting,has,is,is,are,has,is,(7)主语是each/every单数名词and(each/every)单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 如：Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every wom
10、an is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 (8)当主语部分含有with, together with, as well as, besides, except, but, like (像)等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词与介词或介词短语前面的名词保持一致。即就远原则如：Everyone except Jim and Mike has read the book. Mrs Li with her friends goes shopping every weekend. My parents besides me are going to see the film tonight. Al
11、l but one were here just now.,考点2：就近一致原则就近原则：neithernor, either or, not onlybut also, not but, 以及there be连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词跟它靠近的主语一致。 如：Neither you nor she likes listening to this song.注意：neither of, either of, one of 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 如；Neither of the answers is wrong. There is a pen, two books and some ot
12、her things on the desk.,1. Robert with his two kids _to the beach for vacation every year. (2010广东中考) A. go B. goes C. went D. are going 2. Either Mary or he _going to Paris. Only one person may go there. (2008黑龙江) A. are B. is C. was 3. Both Jim and Kate_in Beijing now. They both_from America. (200
13、8广东中考) A. is, come B. are, come Cis, comes D. are, comes,B,B,B,考点3: 意义一致的原则 (1)表示时间、距离、价格、重量、数目、数学运算等的词或短语 作主语时，表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：Five and three is eight.(2)集体名词：family, class, team, group 等表示整体概念时，谓语 动词用单数；表示集体中的成员从事某一活动时，谓语动词用复数。 如：Class One is a very good class. Now Class One are having a footbal
14、l match on the playground.(3)the 形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如：The old are looked after well in this old peoples house.(4)the 姓的复数形式，表示一对夫妇或一家人，谓语动词用复数 如：The Browns are going to Germany to spend their holiday next week.,练一练：,Every door and every window _ (be) to be cleaned The rich _ (be) not always happyT
15、hree months _ (be) not enough for usNeither of us _(dare) to climb the tall treeMr Read，with his mother, _ (be) watching TVFive hundred miles _ (be)a long way,is,are,dares,is,is,is,(5)分数、百分数作主语时，依所修饰名词的单复数而定， 如：Three fourths of the work is done by the computer.(6)a number of “许多，大量”；作主语时，谓语动词用复数。the
16、 number of “的数量”；作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如：The number of the workers in this factory is about 700. A number of the workers in this factory are women.(7)名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于后面名词的数， 如：Hers is a new bike. 她的是一辆新自行车。 Ours are old bikes. 我们的是些旧自行车。,意义一致,顾名思义：主语、谓语意义一致，即单数
17、主语+单数谓语，反之亦然。,考考你的观察与归纳能力！,1.Three hours _(be)not a short time. 2. 35 dollars _(be) too much for her to buy this bag. 3.Class4 _(be)a big warm family. 4.Our class _(be) going to have a picnic this week. 5.Three fourths of the work_(be) done by the computer. 6.Only one fifth(20%) of the boys _(like)
18、playing basketball. 7. Yours _(be) a new bike. Ours _(be) old ones. 8. The young _(like)pop music very much. 9.The Greens _(be) visiting the Great Wall at the moment. 10. The number of the students in Class6 _(be) 54, and a number of them _(like) English very much.,is,is,is,are,is,like,is,are,like,a
19、re,is,like,策略点拨：一般说来，主谓一致的用法，在中考中贯穿于任何题型，无论是单项选择、完形填空还是短文填空以及听力、写作等。在做题时，一定要考虑语法是否一致，意义是否一致，以及相关的标志词，如就远原则、就近原则的代表词、分数等。,1. Both Li Lei and Han Meimei _ fond of the TV program A Bite of China.I am also deeply moved by its stories！(2012广东中考) Ais Bam Cwas Dare2. David, there _ a dictionary and some bo
20、oks on your desk. Please put them away. OK. Mum. Ill do it right away. (2011广东中考) A. is B. are C. has D. have,D,A,中考直击,The number of the students in our school _ 1809, and a number of them _. A: is , come from village. B: are, comes from village C: is, came from village D: are, came from village2. T
21、he Whites _the Great Wall at the moment. A: are visiting B: is visiting C: visits D: visit,A,A,中考直击,1.China _ a large population. And two thirds of the them _ in the east. A: has , lives B: has, live C: have, live D: have , live,B,近义词区分 arrive in(at) / get to / reach arrive in+大地点 at + 小地点 如果后没地点时只能
22、用arrive get to +地点 reach +地点：另外reach还有“够到，达到”之意 My uncle reach Beijing yesterday. My grandpa has reached 100 years old. 注意：如果动词后接副词home, here, there时，则介词省略。如： come here, arrive there, get home,1. - Has your uncle _ - Not yet. 2. He is the first to _ to the top of mountain. 3. Can you _ the flag on t
23、he wall? 4. Last night they _ at a little village and stayed there for a whole night.,arrived,get,reach,arrived,beat/ win 赢，打败 beat 的宾语是对手，可以是物， 也可以是人 beat sb; beat 还可以表示“用力击打或心脏跳动” win宾语是 赢来的东西或打赢的比赛或战争。Class One won the basketball match.1. I cant believe that their team can_ ours. 2. Come on. You
24、must _ the match. 3. Dont be nervous. Make sure you can_ .,beat,win,win,borrow/ lend/ keep借 borow借入，常用词组 borrow. from. I borrowed a book from him. lend 借出，常用词组lend. to. He lent a book to me. keep 借，后面+一段时间 You can keep the book for a week. 1. - Can I _ your dictionary? - Sure. But you can only _ it
25、for an hour. 2. My bike was broken on the way. The kind old man _ his bike to me.,borrow,keep,lent,bring/ take/ fetch/ get/ carry bring 拿来（由远到近，单程） take 带走（由近到远，单程）take sth with sb fetch= get 去拿来（由说话地到别地拿东西来，双程） carry携带，运载，不强调方向。常指较重的东西。 1. Can you help me _ the box upstairs? 2. Lucy, please go to m
26、y office and _ your exercise book to the clarssroom. 3. _ an umbrella with you. Its raining. 4. Please dont forget to _ your homework to school.,carry,fetch,Take,bring,dress/ put on/ wear/ in dress + 人“ 给.穿“ put on +衣服 “穿上“ 表动作. 还有意思为“上演“ wear+衣服 “穿着“表状态 in+颜色/衣服“穿着“ 表状态 1. His brother is old enough
27、 to _ himself. 2. He likes _ a hat. 3. The boy _ red is Jims brother. 4. _ your coat. Its cold outside.,dress,wearing,in,Put on,look for/ find/ find out look for “寻找”，强调动作。 find ” 找到，发现”。强调结果。 常用句型 sb find it + adj. to do sth find out “查明，找出真理”（经过调查，访问等努力之后发现事实） 1. I cant _ my exercise book. So I am
28、 _ it. 2. The teacher has _ who broke the window of classroom.,find,looking for,found out,listen to / hear/ sound listen“听” 强调动作 ，不及物动动词后不带宾语。 带宾语时要加 to 例：listen to me hear 听见，强调结果 sound听起来，后接形容词 1. The music _ wonderful. He _it so carefully that he couldnt _ his mother calling him. 2. Please _ care
29、fully in class. If you cant _ clearly, you can sit in front.,sounds,listened to,hear,listen,hear,look at/ see/ look look ”看“ 强调动作，不及物动词，后不带宾语。 带宾语时要加 at 例: look at the picture. look ”看起来“，后加形容词。 see “看见”， 强调结果。 1. _ , the baby is smiling. Can you _? 2. Please _ the blackboard. Dont _ outside. 3. It
30、_ beautiful.,Look,see,look at,look,looks,look / see/ read/ watch look 看，强调看的动作。 see 看见，强调结果。注意see a film/ watch a movie 常用词组see sb do sth / see sb doing sth read 看，指看报刊，书刊，杂志等。 watch观看，注视“，主要强调看电影，比赛。 常用词组watch sb do sth / watch sb doing sth 1. After lunch, his father always _ newspaper on the sofa.
31、 2. Bill was late for work this morning because he _ football match too late last night. 3. - Can I _ your photos ? - Of course. 4. Last weekend our family _ the film“ 2012“.,reads,watched,look at,saw,forget/ leave forget“忘记” 常用词组 forget to do sth忘记去做某事forget doing sth 忘记做了某事 leave “离开” 常用词组 leave A
32、 for B 离开A 到B还可以表示 ”遗忘，落下，丢下“午后面接地点， 而forget不可以。 leave sth somewhere Im sorry I forgot to lock the door when I left the room. I m sorry I left my key in the room. 1. Dont _ to finish your homework during the holiday. 2. His mother was cooking when he _. 3. By the time I got to the airport, I found I
33、 _ my air ticket at home.,forget,left,left,say/ speak/ talk/ tell say “说” 指说的内容。 常用词组say to sb / say sth in English tell “告诉，讲述” 常用用词组 tell sb sth =tell sth to sb/ tell sb to do sth tell a story/ tell a lie speak “讲“。强调讲语言。He can speak English well. talk ”谈论“ 常用词组talk about sth /talk with sb/ talk t
34、o sb 1. Though he is very young, he can _ three languages. 2. Its not polite to _ in class. 3. My mother _ me a story every night before I was seven. 4. He _ with a smile. “ Thank you!“,speak,talk,told,said,join/ take part in join 加入并成为其中的成员。join the army/ Party/ club take part in参加某项活动。 take part in the sports meeting 1. You can _ us if you are interested in it. 2. Why not _ a sports club to keep healthy? 3. In the sports meeting, he _ the 100-meter race and the high jump.,join,join,took part in,
