1、Phosphate China; sulfur; supply and demand; discussion根据我国近 28 年磷肥产量趋势及其波动特征预测磷肥发展趋势马 骥 1 , 张卫峰 2，1(1.中国农业大学 经济管理学院，北京 100094; 2.中国农业大学 资源与环境学院,北京 100094)摘 要通过对我国 19782005 年磷肥产量的长期趋势和周期波动特征的分析，预测我国磷肥发展趋势，并对我国磷肥产业策略调整提出了几点建议。关键词磷肥产量;长期趋势;周期波动中图分类号 TQ 442 文献标识码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0006-03Predicting
2、 the trend of phosphate fertilizer in the light ofits production and fluctuation characteristics in last 28 yearsMA Ji1， ZHANG Wei-feng 2，1(1.College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China；2.College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural Universit
3、y, Beijing 100094, China)Abstract: In the light of the long-term trend and cyclical fluctuation of Chinas phosphate fertilizer out puts during the period of 1978 2005，the development of phosphate fertilizer industry in China is predicted, and some suggestions are proposed for improving this industry
4、.Key words: phosphate fertilizer output; long-term trend; cyclical fluctuation缓释、控释肥料生产、使用前景展望许秀成(磷肥与复肥编辑部，河南 郑州 450002)摘 要从我国氮、磷、钾肥高消费、低利用率的现状，阐述了为什么缓控释肥被列为国家中长期科学技术发展计划的优先主题之一。介绍了哪些肥料是缓释、控释肥及当前世界生产、消费量。据估计，2005 年世界缓释、控释肥料产量及消费量不超过 100 万 t/a，若包括用于大田作物，具有一定缓释性能的包膜、包裹、包囊肥料，即广义的缓释、控释肥料世界生产、消费量已达 120 万
5、 t/a。展望了缓控释肥生产使用前景，在世界范围内，缓控释肥生产与消费的制约条件是产品价格；就国内而言，农民对肥料要求速效、速溶、速散是推广缓释、控释肥的主要思想障碍。降低生产成本，转变农民对缓释肥的认识，才能推动我国缓控释肥高速发展。关键词缓释肥料；控释肥料；生产；供应；前景展望Phosphate controlled release fertilizer; production; supply; prospect加快磷石膏资源化步伐 促进磷肥行业可持续发展张社教(铜陵化工集团，安徽 铜陵 244000)摘 要随着磷化工的快速发展，磷石膏的排放量也与日俱增。如何更有效地提高磷石膏的利用率，实
6、现磷肥行业可持续发展，已成为行业内难点和热点。通过对国内外磷石膏综合利用情况的分析，从原料管理、产品定位、技术开发、政策支撑等方面，阐述了加快磷石膏资源化进程的思路与对策。关键词磷肥行业；磷石膏；综合利用；可持续发展中图分类号X 786 文献标识码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0012-04Quickening the step to turn phosphogypsum into resource and promoting thesustainable development of phosphate fertilizer industryZHANG She-jiao(T
7、ongling Chemical Group, Tongling, Anhui 244000, China)Abstract: With the development of phosphate industry, a rapid release of phosphogypsum occurs day by day. It has been a focus in solving the problem: how to enhance the utilization of phosphogypsum and achieve a sustainable development in the ind
8、ustry? By the analysis of comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum in China and abroad, some ideas and counter measures are proposed in raw material management, product variety, technology development, preferential policies.Key words: phosphate industry; phosphogypsum; comprehensive utilization; s
9、ustainable development国家“十一五”规划对肥料产业的影响闻章辉(新沂市土肥站,江苏 新沂 221400)摘 要根据国家“十一五”规划，认为随着开展测土配方施肥活动、发展沼气和促进循环经济，农业对化学肥料的需求会有所降低；专用肥料、缓释肥料、有机无机复混肥料、低浓度肥料的生产量将有所增加。肥料Phosphate but the production of speciality fertilizer, slow-released fertilizer, organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, low-analysis fertil
10、izer are increased. Fertilizer enterprises should adjust the construction layout and sales territory, prepare the raw phosphorus supply ahead, and select feasible models of chain management according to their own condition.Key words: the 11th Five-Year Plan; fertilizer industry; effect【研究与开发】改性淀粉黏结剂
11、在复混肥料造粒中的应用研究徐鹏翔，李国学，陈丽君(中国农业大学 资源与环境学院 环境科学与工程系，北京 100094)摘 要利用自制改性淀粉黏结剂对单养分化肥、多养分化肥和有机无机复混肥进行了造粒试验，分析了黏结剂和原料对肥料成粒性能的影响。研究结果表明：黏度为 14 mPas 左右的黏结剂适合于磷酸二铵的造粒，黏度为 20 mPas 左右的黏结剂适合于硫酸钾造粒，黏度为 27 mPas 左右的黏结剂适合于尿素、磷酸二铵、硫酸钾混合肥料的造粒，尿素的加入量对无机混合肥料的成粒性能影响较大；对于有机无机复混肥造粒来说，黏度为 30 mPas 的黏结剂成粒性能好；从成粒率和颗粒粒度两方面综合考虑，
12、过 40 目筛(0.37 mm)的原料成粒效果最好；有机质能促进有机无机混合肥料的成粒，有机质加入量大于 25时，合格粒度比例、颗粒性能较好。关键词淀粉黏结剂；复混肥料；造粒中图分类号TQ 444 文献标识码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0018-03Application of modified starch adhesive in granulation of compound fertilizerXU Peng-xiang, LI Guo-xue, CHEN Li-jun(Department of Environmental Science and Engineeri
13、ng, College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China)Abstract: The single-nutrient chemical fertilizer, multi-nutrient chemical fertilizer and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer are granulated by using self-produced modified starch adhesive. The effects of
14、 adhesive and materials on the granulation properties of fertilizers are analyzed. The results show: the adhesive of 14 mPas is fit for the granulation of DAP, the adhesive of 20 mPas for potassium sulfate, the adhesive of 27mPas for compound fertilizer from Urea, DAP and Potassium sulfate raw mater
15、ials. The adding dosage of Urea has obvious effects on the granulation of compound fertilizer. For organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the adhesive of 30 mPas has the highest granularity and better granulation property. Considering from the points of granulation ratio and granularity, the materia
16、ls sieved by 40 mesh sieve has the best granulation property. The organic matter can accelerate the granulation of mixing organic-inorganic fertilizer, and the fertilizer has higher granularity and better granulation property when the organic matter content is more than 25%.Key words: starch adhesiv
17、e; compound fertilizer; granulation Phosphate ammonium magnesium phosphate; production technology; operation key【过磷酸钙】风扫磨的技改利 建(铜官山化工有限公司 磷肥厂，安徽 铜陵 244024)中图分类号TQ 442.11；TQ440.5 +2 文献标识码B 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0023-02【磷酸 磷铵】磷酸质量对磷酸二铵生产的影响沈 浩(安徽六国化工股份有限公司，安徽 铜陵 244023)摘 要从磷酸浓度、杂质含量、温度 3 个方面分析磷酸质量对磷酸二
18、铵生产造成的影响。关键词磷酸质量；磷酸二铵生产；影响中图分类号 TQ 442.14 文献标识码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0024-03Effect of WPA quality on production of DAPSHEN Hao(Liuguo Chemical Co., Ltd, Tongling, Anhui 244023, China)Abstract: The influences of phosphoric acid quality on the production of DAP are discussed from such 3 aspects as t
19、he concentration of phosphoric acid, impurity and temperature.Key words: phosphoric acid quality; production of diammonium phosphate (DAP); influence磷酸二铵反应造粒尾气余热的利用黄 进，陆庆国，汤德元(贵州宏福实业开发有限公司，贵州 福泉 550501)摘 要介绍预中和反应的尾气与管式反应及二次氨化反应尾气混合洗涤后的尾气余热利用的有关计算。若将此尾气的余热用于氨蒸发器替代蒸汽气化液氨供预中和用气氨，年可节约蒸汽成本 138 万元，增加换热器系统
20、的投资 160 万元，14 个月可收回投资。关键词磷酸二铵；反应/造粒尾气；余热利用中图分类号TQ 442.14 文献标识码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0027-03Utilization of the waste heat in tail gas from preneutralization-granulation in DAP productionPhosphate tail gas from preneutralization-granulation section; utilization of waste heat这套磷酸装置中 P2O5回收率何以如此低下冯建章(
21、长宁区新泾二村 26 号 604 室，上海 200335)摘 要分析了一套 MAP 生产装置中磷酸工序 P2O5回收率超常低下的原因，并提出改进意见。关键词磷酸生产；P 2O5回收率中图分类号TQ 126.3 +5 文献标识码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0030-02The reason for low P2O5 recovery of this phosphoric acid plantFENG Jian-zhang(Room 604, 26 Xinjing Ercun, Changning District, Shanghai 200335, China)Abstrac
22、t: The reasons of the lower recovery rate of P2O5 in phosphoric acid production section from a set of MAP production plant are discussed and the countermeasures are also presented.Key words: phosphoric acid production; recovery rate of P2O5滴灌用全水溶 MAP 生产工艺综述陈少平,张红映(贵州宏福实业开发有限总公司,贵州 福泉 550501)摘 要介绍目前我
23、国滴灌用全水溶 MAP 的几种生产工艺及其优缺点；贵州宏福实业开发有限公司滴灌用MAP 的技术指标及针对湿法磷酸生产滴灌用 MAP 的产品晶形过差所作出的结晶系统的优化设计。湿法磷酸生产MAP 改进后的工艺生产的产品外观结晶粗大、整齐，生产成本低，缺点是能耗高，操作要求高，工艺过程复杂。关键词滴灌用全水溶 MAP；生产工艺；湿法磷酸中图分类号TQ 442.14 文献标识码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0032-02Review on the manufacturing technology of fully water-soluble MAP for dropping fer
24、tigation applicationCHEN Shao-ping, ZHANG Hong-ying(Hongfu Industrial manufacturing technology; wet-process phosphoric acidPhosphate capacity expansion; energy saving; technique improvement【复 混 肥】生态环保复合药肥的研制与生产张洪昌,丁云梅,金汇源(北京泽农生化科技有限公司，北京 100170)摘 要选用多种有机物为原料，经酵素发酵或活化处理，配入以腐植酸为载体的综合有益生物菌剂，再添加适量含氮、磷、钾
25、、钙、镁、硫、硅的肥料及微量元素、稀土等，生产生态环保复合药肥。介绍其工艺、产品质量及特点。该药肥对生态环保和农业增产效果显著。关键词有机物；发酵；无公害处理；生态环保药肥中图分类号TQ 446；TQ444.6 文献标识码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0039-03Preparation and production of ecological and environmental protectivepesticide-added compound fertilizerZHANG Hong-chang, DING Yun-mei, JIN Hui-yuan(Beijing Z
26、enong Biochemical Co., Ltd, Beijing 100170, China)Abstract: Based on organic raw materials, ecological and environmental protective pesticide-added compound fertilizer is produced by following steps: organic fermentation or activation, the mix of microbial inoculums based on humus, the addition of a
27、dequate nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, silicon, trace-elements and rare earth). The process is presented and the product is proved effective, good to environment and yield increase.Key words: organism; fermentation; nuisanceless disposal; ecological and envir
28、onmental protective pesticide-added compound fertilizer复混肥干燥窑尾气的处理鲁 宏，王 强(云南楚雄仁恒化肥有限公司，云南 楚雄 675000)摘 要采用塑料填料塔代替布袋除尘器和钢制喷淋塔，对复混肥干燥尾气进行除尘和脱硫，计算确定喷淋水量、塔径和填料装填量及运行阻力。为减少阻力，适应尾气压力较低的状况，采取将填料串联在尼龙绳上，再悬挂安装在支承条上。技改投入 15 万元，尾气达标排放(SO 2 质量浓度 36 mg/m3，粉尘质量浓度 12 mg/m3)。关键词复混肥；尾气处理；塑料填料塔中图分类号TQ 444；TQ440.5 文献标识
29、码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0042-03Treatment of tail gas from the dryer of compound fertilizerPhosphate vent gas disposal; plastic packed tower复混肥装置生产工艺的选择及原料的配比优化孙志岩(四川大学 化工学院，四川 成都 610065)摘 要对复混肥各种生产规模、造粒方式及烘干工艺进行介绍，分析其优缺点，同时运用现代数学方法对已定成品养分含量下所需各种原料的最优配比(指原料成本最低)进行计算，以赢得最大效益。关键词复混肥；工艺选择；原料最优化配比中图分类号T
30、Q 444 文献标识码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0045-02Selecting the production technology of compound fertilizer plantand optimizing the formulation of raw materialsSUN Zhi-yan(School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China)Abstract: The various productive capacities, granula
31、ting types and drying technologies for compound fertilizer production are described from their advantages and faults. The optimizing the formulation (with the lowest cost) of raw materials under the determining fertilizer nutrients is made for the best benefit, based on the modern mathematics method
32、.Key words: compound fertilizer; selecting the production technology; optimizing the formulation of raw material油桃专用肥的配方设计张振威，唐国昌(南阳德润化工有限公司，河南 内乡 474350)中图分类号S147.2 文献标识码B 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0047-01【副产品综合利用】Na2SiF6生产原料消耗高的原因分析及采取的措施周秀梅，杨云芬(云南红磷化工有限责任公司，云南 开远 661600)中图分类号X786 文献标识码 B 文章编号1007-622
33、0(2006)06-0048-01【设 备】Casecoder 喷码机在磷铵包装中的应用林赞华(广西鹿寨化肥有限责任公司，广西 鹿寨 545624)摘 要介绍 Casecoder 喷码机的工作原理、常用指令、正常操作及故障分析处理，并对喷码机选购、使用中的若干问题提出有益的意见。关键词Casecoder 喷码机；工作原理；磷铵包装中的应用Phosphate working principle; application of Casecoder (spray code machine) in bagging of ammonium phosphate回转窑窑体窜动调整及使用维修要点任新梅(中石化
34、集团 南化有限公司, 江苏 南京 210048)摘 要总结复混肥生产中回转窑上、下窜动的调整经验，提出窑体窜动调整的简便方法和使用维修要点。关键词复混肥；回转窑；窜动调整中图分类号TQ 444；TQ440.5 文献标识码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0051-02Adjusting the bulk movement of rotary kiln and the main points of operation and maintenanceREN Xin-mei(Nanhua Co., Ltd, SINOPEC, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210048, China
35、)Abstract: The adjustment of bulk movement for rotary kiln is summarized, with service and operation presented.Key words: compound fertilizer; rotary kiln; adjustment of bulk movement【材 料】湿法磷酸生产中常用的非金属材料：.橡胶周绍彪(云天化集团 云南红磷化工有限责任公司，云南 开远 661600)摘 要阐述了硬质胶、半硬质胶、软胶的性能，以及在湿法磷酸中常用的几种代表产品 D3 胶板、KBV、KBS、B-15
36、、B-5S 橡胶的应用范围及使用效果，并对橡胶在不同工况下的选用提出了建议。在磷酸工业中使用橡胶材料，只要选材得当，可以满足生产要求。关键词橡胶；湿法磷酸；应用中图分类号TQ050.4 +25; TQ126.3+5 文献标识码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0053-03Common non-metallic materials used in WPA production：. RubberZHOU Shao-biao(Honglin Chemical Co., Ltd, Yuntianhua Group Corp., Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661600, China
37、)Abstract: With the properties of hard rubber, semi-hard rubber and soft rubber described, a few representative products (D3 rubber plate, KBV, KBS, B-15, B-5S) widely used WPA industry are presented on their availability and effects. A few suggestions are proposed in rubber type selection in differ
38、ent cases. The proper utilization of rubber is a good choice in WPA production.Key words: rubber; wet process phosphoric acid (WPA); application【仪 表】电导仪在石墨换热器冷凝水测量中的应用史秋芳(陕西华山化工集团，陕西 华县 714100)摘 要根据磷酸浓缩冷凝水电导率测定中的经验教训，介绍电导仪的测量原理，安装位置的确定，线缆敷Phosphate Mg determination； spectrophotometry； chromotropic a
39、cid 2R有机肥料氮、磷、钾的化学分析方法刘长风 1，林志锋 2(1广西玉林市科学实验中心测试所，广西 玉林 537000；2广西玉林市农业环境监测保护站，广西 玉林 537000)摘 要介绍用化学分析方法测定有机肥料氮、磷、钾的含量，即样品经硫酸-过氧化氢消化后，制备待测溶液，分取待测溶液用 NC-2 型快速定氮仪测定氮，用磷钼酸喹啉重量法测定磷，用四苯硼酸钾重量法测定钾，不需使用分光光度计和火焰光度计，适宜一般复混肥料厂采用，对含氮、磷、钾分别达 01以上的样品均可用本法测定，方法的准确度和精密度能满足生产的要求。关键词有机肥料；氮；磷；钾；化学分析方法中图分类号TQ 440.72 文献
40、标识码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0060-03Chemical analysis of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium in organic fertilizersLIU Chang-feng1, LIN Zhi-feng2(1.Yulin Scientific Experiment Center, Yulin, Guangxi 537000, China；2.Yulin Agricultural Environment Inspection and Protection Center, Yulin, Guangxi 537000,
41、China)Abstract: The chemical analysis of N, P and K in organic fertilizer is presented: sample is decomposed by sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide and prepared to be a solution. N can be determined Phosphate N; P; K; chemical analysisICP-AES 测定湿法磷酸萃取料浆中液相三氧化硫含量赵 清(贵州宏福实业开发有限总公司 质检中心，贵州 福泉 550501)摘 要介绍
42、ICP-AES 发射光谱法的工作原理和以 ICP-AES 测定湿法磷酸萃取料浆中液相三氧化硫的方法。该方法操作简单、快速准确，并且能同时定量分析其他杂质元素(如 Fe、Mg、Al、Si 等)，适用于湿法磷酸生产过程控制分析。关键词湿法磷酸萃取料浆；ICP-AES 法；测定液相 SO3中图分类号TQ 440.72 文献标识码A 文章编号1007-6220(2006)06-0062-03Determination of liquid-phase sulfur trioxide in WPA slurry by ICP-AESZHAO Qing(Quality Test Center ， Hongf
43、u Industrial and Commercial Development Co., Ltd, Fuquan, Guizhou 550501, China)Abstract: The principle of ICP-AES emission spectral analysis and ICP-AES method to measure liquid SO3 in extracted slurry for WPA production is described. It is operated easily, quickly and exactly, meanwhile other impu
44、re elements (such as Fe, Mg, Al, Si, and so on) can be quantitatively analysed, and it can be used for control analysis in WPA production.Key words: wet process phosphoric acid (WPA) slurry; ICP-AES method; determination of liquid-phase SO3微波消解原子荧光光谱法同时测定有机-无机复混肥料中砷和汞的含量宋吉利，于春霞，于作文，张书文(烟台市产品质量监督检验所，
45、山东 烟台 264001)摘 要采用微波消解样品预处理技术和原子荧光光谱法同时测定有机-无机复混肥料中的砷和汞，确定微波消解样品的条件，优化仪器的最佳工作参数。砷和汞的含量分别在 020 g/L 和 010 g/L 范围内有良好线性关系，砷和汞的回收率分别在 99.1%102.0%和 98.1%101.5%，砷和汞的检出限（3）分别为 0.20 g/L 和 0.070 g/L。实验表明,该方法具有操作简单、快速、灵敏度高等优点，可适用于有机-无机复混肥料中砷和汞的同时测定。关键词 有机-无机复混肥料；微波消解；原子荧光光谱法；砷；汞中图分类号TQ 440.72 文献标识码 A 文章编号1007
46、-6220(2006)06-0065-03Synchronous determination of arsenic and mercury in organic-inorganic compoundfertilizer by microwave digestion atomic fluorescence spectrometric method (AFS)SONG Ji-li, YU Chun-xia, YU Zuo-wen, ZHANG Shu-wen(Yantai Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Yantai, Shandong 26400
47、1, China)Abstract: By the employment of microwave digestion pretreatment technique and atomic fluorescence spectrum method, the contents of arsenic and mercury in organic-inorganic fertilizer are determined together. It is found that there are good linear relationship when arsenics content is under
48、020g/L and mercurys under 010g/L. The recovery rates are 99.1%102.0% (As) and 98.1%101.5% (Hg), the detection limits are 0.20 g/L(As) and 0.07g/L (Hg), respectively. And the method is proved simple, quick and sensitive, good for the united determination of As and Hg in organic-inorganic fertilizer.K
49、ey words: organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; microwave digestion; atomic fluorescence Phosphate arsenic; mercury【农化服务】改良土壤是测土配肥过程中的重要环节土壤酸碱度的改良王仁山 1，王义华 2， 隋好林 3，王义成 1(1烟台市新华化工有限公司，山东 烟台 264006;2烟台新华生态农业研究所，山东 烟台 264006; 3中国农业大学 烟台校区，山东 烟台 264002)摘 要讨论土壤 pH 对作物生长和对化肥肥效的影响，酸性或碱性土壤产生的原因、危险，及防治措施；介绍研制的酸性土壤改良剂和碱性土壤改良剂。强调测土配方施肥要取得好的效果，一定要重视
