1、Adverbial Clause,状语从句,状语从句,考查特点,能力要求,用法归纳,时间状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,as, while用法的归纳,省略现象,一 状语从句高考的考查特点,1. 试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点,(不同性质的连词; 定语从句和名词性从句的干扰),2. 题干句的情景化增强,句意理解难度提高,二能力要求：,1.了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语从句中经常使用的连词 2.能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句的逻辑关系,从而能够使用恰当的连词完成交际. 3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的 用法区别.,三 状语从句的定义、功能、分类,定义：在
2、复合句中作状语的从句,功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中 的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句,分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。,从句的位置: 放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号。,常见考点： 考点一、主句与从句的时态呼应问题； 考点二、连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：while / as / when引导时间状语从句；because / since / as / for引导原因状语从句；if / unless引导条件状语从句；sothat / suchthat引导结果状语从句等）； 考点三、状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替
3、换； 考点四、状语从句的倒装结构（hardly / scarcelywhen；no soonerthan等）,时间状语从句,引导时间状语从句的从属连词,1.基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since自从起、till、until、once 一旦, as soon as, etc.,2. 名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）： the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant,etc. (一就); every time, each time, the last time, the first time, etc. The sec
4、ond I met her, I fell in love with her.,3. 副词类（由副词充当引导词）：immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一.就.),4.句型类：no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely when, etc. (一就),e.g. I will give you an answer immediately I finish my work.,e.g .Scarcely had he gone when she appeared.,注意 在以上结构引导的状语从句中，主句谓语用过去完成时,1 (1998上海)
5、 I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time,2 He hurried out of the room _ the meeting was over. A the moment B. a moment ago C. after a minute D. minute after,3.Dr. Bethune began to work _ he arrived at the front. A. immediat
6、ely B. by the time C. before D. at the moment,4.He _to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. 99上海 Ahas no sooner got Bno sooner got Cwill no sooner get Dhad no sooner got,5 His father began to work _his childhood. A. since B. before C. as early as D. while,6 - What was the party like? - Wond
7、erful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. before C. when D. since,7 (2000) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone. A. as B. since C. until D. before,8 The roof fell _he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. A. before B.
8、as C. after D. until,9.Scientists say it may be five or ten years _it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. before C. after D. when,10It_ long before we _the result of the experiment . 02上海春招 Awill not be ;will know Bis; will know Cwill not be ; know Dis; know,我们来这两年了 两个月他
9、才能回来。 It is/ has been two years since we arrived here. It will be two months before he comes back.,(NMET 99) - Im going to the post office. - _ youre there, can you get me some stamps? A. As B. While C. Because D. If,_(下课的时候), we began our writing. John sings_（边走）._（我们看电视的时候）, he was writing a compo
10、sition. 对比和进行,注意: 几种常用when的句型: .突然,be doing sth. when,be about to do sth. when,be on the point of doing sth. when,When the lesson was over,as he walks,While we were watching TV,用when, as, while 完成下列句子,He fell asleep _ he was reading. I kept silent _ he was writing. She sang _ she went along. It was
11、raining hard _ we arrived. I thought of it just _you opened your mouth. Things are getting better and better _ time goes on. Its cold _ it snows. I will go home _ he comes back. We were about to start _ it began to rain. He likes coffee, _ she likes tea. _ a boy, he lived in Japan. _ reading, he fel
12、l asleep. _ in trouble, ask her for help.,when/while/as,while,as,when/as,when/as,as,when,when,when,while,As/When,When/While,When/While,主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句表示的是一个持续性动作,主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,同时进行, “一边一边”,主句-持续性动作, 从句-短暂性动作,主从句-几乎同时发生的短暂性动作,正在发展变化的情况, “随着”,“每当的时候”(暗示一种规律性),有先后顺序,表示“这时(突
13、然)”,“而”、“却”(表示对比),as / when +名词，构成省略句,while无此用法,when / while +现在分词/介词短语/形容词等构成省略句，但 as 一般不这样用,1 When he _ (come) back, please tell him to meet me at my office.,comes,2 I will tell him when she _back. 3 I would tell him when she _back.,comes,came,注意时态,4 -When _ you come to see me,Dad? -I will go to s
14、ee you when you _ the training coursing. A.do; will have finished B.will; will finish C.do; are finishing D. will; finish,时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时,while用法的归纳,作并列连词，意为“然而，却”，表对比,He likes football while his brother likes basketball.,2. 引导时间状语从句,While he was doing his homework, his mother cam
15、e in.,.引导让步状语从句，表“虽然，尽管”，置于句首,While I admit his good points, I can see hisshortcomings.,引导条件状语从句，表“只要”,Ill do everything for you while you are happy., 地点状语从句 引导词：where，wherever Ill go wherever he goes. Ill go where he went.Ill keep you in my mind wherever you go. -Can you tell me _ you are from? -It
16、 is not important _ I came from. A.when;whenever B.where ;wherever C.the place ;where D.wherever;where,我要去他去的地方.,他去哪我就去哪.,地点状语从句与定语从句的区别 1.-Where do you plan to work? -Ive made up my mind to go _Im most needed. A.to the place B. to which C.that D. where 2.I will go to a country for a holiday _ there
17、 are a lot of flowers and trees. A.in the place B.where C.which D.wherever 辨析: Go back where you came from. Go back to the village where you came from., 条件状语从句,1. 引导词: if, unless, as long as (=so long as只要) , in case (that) (以防万一;如果 ), on condition that(条件是,在的条件下 ), if only(要是.多好 ), only if(只要), sup
18、posing/ suppose(假设 ) etc.,用if和unless填空 . Youll miss the train _ you hurry up. Youll miss the train _ you dont hurry up. . Dont touch anything _ your teacher tells you to. You can touch it _ your teacher tells you to.,unless,if,unless,if,If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard ev
19、en at the dinner table 20 years from now . (NMET1992)A are not kept ;will have to B are not kept ; have to C do not keep ;will have to D do not keep; have to,注意：在if, unless, as long as等引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时,John may phone tonightI dont want to go out _ he phones（NMET 2000，春季） Aas long as Bin order
20、that Cin case Dso that 2I should stay in the hotel all day _ there is news of the missing child(NMET 2000上海春季） Ain case Bno matter Cin any case Deven since 3I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some _ （NMET 2000）Aat last Bin case Conce again Din time I can tell you the truth _ you promise t
21、o keep a secret. A.in case B. on condition that C.so that D. while,让步状语从句,由though, although, as (虽然尽管), even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter wh-, whether引导.,_most of the people agreed, some were not willing to accept. Proud _the noble is, he is afraid to see me. We wouldnt lose heart _we should
22、fail ten times.,Although,as,even if,as引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。其结构为：,Young as he is, he can read and write English.,注意：,Child as he was, he had to support the family. （表语名词提前并常省去冠词）,n./adj./adv./v +as +主语谓语,1 _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. (2007重庆) Strange as might it sound B
23、.As it might sound strange As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound 2. _ tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. (2007上海春) However the weather is like B. However is the weather like C. Whatever is the weather like D. Whatever the weather is like,3. _, he talks a lot about his favou
24、rite singers after class. (2005重庆) A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he mayD. Quiet as he may be a student 4. _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.(2006全国1) Since B. Unless C. As D. Although 5. _, I have to
25、put it away and focus my attention on study this week.(2004上海春) However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing,6. _ I dont like art, I find his work impressive. (2007山东) As B. Since C. If D. While 7 -Dad, Ive finis
26、hed my assignment. -Good, and _ you play or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me. (2003上海) Whenever B. whether C.whatever D.no matter 8. _, Carolida couldnt get the door open. (2005广东) Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try, 原因状语从句,1. 在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as
27、或since. disgusting,2. because可以引导表语从句,而as, since不可以，这时主语一般都是it, this, that,It was _ he was ill that he didnt go with us.,Its_ he is too lazy.,3. since表示“既然”，只能放主句前.双方已知的原因。,_ we have no money, we cant buy that vase.,because,用because, as, since 填空,because,Since,引导词: because, as, since, now that(既然),
28、considering that(考虑到,既然) for, etc.,1 _ youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.(NMET 99) Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as 2. A man cannot smile like a child, _ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. (2006湖南)A. so B. but C. and D. for, 结果状语从
29、句,用so , such填空：There were _ many people in the room that we could not get in.He made _ an excellent speech that every one admired him.She is _ lovely a girl that everyone in her class likes her. He has _ poor furniture that others cannot find a place to sit.,so,such,so,such,注意:,1. sothat 与suchthat 的
30、区别,so +adj./adv. +that so +adj. +a/an +可数名词单数+ that so +many/much/few/little+名词+that,e.g. It is so hot that we cant sleep.,She is so disgusting a girl that I want to bring up.,such +a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that such +adj. +复数名词/不可数名词+that such +a lot of/lots of +名词+that,It is such an interesting book that
31、she has read it twice.,so good a boy = such a good boy,2. such/sothat与such/so as 的区别,They have such a fierce dog _ no one dares to go near their house.,They have so fierce a dog _ bites whoever passes by their house.,that,as,This is so heavy a stone _ no one can lift it.A.as B.that Cwhich Dwhat,This
32、 is such a heavy stone _ I cant lift. This is such a heavy stone _ I cant lift it.,as,that,目的状语从句 引导词：so，so that，in order that, for fear that(以免,以防,惟恐)等。其谓语动词常与情态动词can，could，may，might，should，would连用。1.Id like to arrive 20 minutes early_ I can have time for a cup of tea. A.as soon as B.as a result C.
33、in case D.so that 2 The Shanghaiese are making great efforts to beautify the city_ more overseas companies will come. A.in order that句首,连词 B.so as to （do） 句中 C.so long as D.on condition that,方式状语从句 引导词:as(象.一样,正如),as if/as though(好象,宛如) 1 Just _water is to fish, so air is to man. A.since B.what C.li
34、ke D.as 2 Reading is to mind _ food is to the body. A.that B.what C.as D.likeLeave it as it is. He stated the facts as they were. He is ,as it were, a walking dictionary.,事实上,按现在的样子,按原样子,(插入语) 仿佛,好象,比较状语从句 引导词:as.as(和一样), not as/soas(不如), than(比), the morethe more(越越).Scientists generally agree that
35、 the Earths climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years_ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.A.so long as B.as much as C.as long as D.as well as2.It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science.A.as art much as B.much an art asC.as an art much as D.as much an art a
36、s,as用法的归纳,可引导定语从句,可引导时间状语从句,表 “一边 ,一边”,可引导原因状语从句,表 “因为”,As is known to all, China is a great country.,She cried as she got off the bus.,We shall not go to the park as it is raining.,可引导让步状语从句,表 “虽然,尽管”,Surrounded as they were by the enemy, they managed to get out.,可引导方式状语从句,表 “按照”,Do as you are told
37、 to.,可引导比较状语从句, 表 “和一样”,He answers as quickly as his sister does.,状语从句中的省略现象,Once _seen, the film can never be forgotten.,If _invited, I will go to the party.,She stood at the school gate as if _ waiting for someone.,(it is ),(I am),(she was),When _necessary, I will buy a TV set.,If _ possible, youd
38、 better come tomorrow.,(it is ),(it is),1 -I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident. -_ , lets go and see him. A. Whats more B. If so C. Where possible D. When necessary 2 A beam of light will not bend round unless_ to do so with the help of a reflecting device. A. having been made B. being
39、made made D. you make3 Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent patients do not take drugs _ directed. A.like B. so C. which D. as,As引导方式状语从句即as( they are) directed.,状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换,1.When she saw the jewels, she jumped with joy. Seeing the jewels, she jumped with joy. 2. As he was
40、ill, he went home. Being ill , he went home. 3. As they are led by the party the people have greatly improved their living conditions. Led by the party,- 4. As he was filled with new ideas, the young man invented many kinds of modern machines. Filled with new ideas,. 5. As he didnt know what to do , he asked me for help. Not knowing what to do, - 6. The park looks very beautiful when it is seen from the hill. Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.,
