1、语法专项 一、名词 熟读深思 指出下列名词短语（画线部分）在句中所作句子 成分，并思考句中名词的用法与前后语境。 1.Tom is a worker.(主语)（表语） 2.The Childrens Palace is near Janes home.(主语)（介词宾语） 3.She gave me some good advice.(动词宾语) 4.He didnt go there because of his illness.(介词宾语),5.We made Tom our monitor.(宾语补足语) 6.We students should study hard.(同位语) 7.T
2、he authors name is on the cover of the book.(主语)（介词宾语） 8.This book is of great use.（主语）（介词宾语）,归纳总结 1.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。可数名词表示的人或物本身可用数目计算，包括个体名词和集体名词两类。不可数名词通常无法用数目计算，包括物质名词和抽象名词。但有些不可数名词有时可转化为可数名词，有些则不能。,2.可数名词的复数形式（1）规则名词的复数形式：一般情况下，在名词后直接加-s；以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词，需加-es；以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，把y变为i,再加-es；以-o
3、结尾的名词多数情况下直接加-s（注意：两人两菜即Negro,hero,potato,tomato后加-es）；以-f,-fe结尾的名词多数情况下把f或fe变为v，再加-es（注意：也有直接加-s的，如：roofs,handkerchiefs等）。,（2）不规则名词的复数形式有些名词变为复数时要改变其中的元音字母或其他形式（如manmen,toothteeth,footfeet等）；有些名词只有复数形式或表示某个特定意思时只有复数形式（如trousers,clothes,pants,goods等）；复合名词的复数主要是把主体名词变为复数形式（如sons-in-law,passers-by等）；不
4、含名词的复合名词则在词尾加-s（如go-betweens等）。,3.名词的所有格名词的所有格一般有两种形式：一是在名词后加s，一是由名词加介词of；如果某物为两人所共有，则在后一个名词末加s（如Jane and Marys room简和玛丽两人的房间）；如果不共有，则两个名词都加s（如Janes and Marys books简和玛丽各自的书）；表示“某人家”、“某店铺”等的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词（如at Mr.Smiths 在史密斯家,at the tailors 在裁缝店）；双重所有格由一个表示数量的词（如a,some等）+of+名词所有格或名词性物主代词构成（如a fri
5、end of my fathers,some friends of mine）。,4.名词作定语名词作定语，主要说明所修饰的名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。作定语的名词一般用单数形式（但man,woman等作定语时，修饰的名词是复数时，需用复数形式；而sale,sport作定语时，则不管其后名词是单数还是复数，都用复数形式，如:a sales manager,a sports meet）。 5.名词或名词短语在句中还可以作主语，表语，动词的宾语，介词的宾语，宾语补足语，同位语等。,试题精选 1.One should have a of right and wrong.A.feeli
6、ng B.knowledgeC.sense D.idea解析 sense此时是“判断力,辨别力,观念”。feeling感情;knowledge知识，均不合句义。,C,2.Some companies are thinking of ways to save natural by making better use of the water used in the bathroom.A.resources B.sourcesC.power D.energy解析 考查名词辨析。resource资源,natural resources指“自然资源”；source来源,出处;河流的源头,发源地；pow
7、er力量,权力,势力;能力,体力；energy能量,能源;精力,活力,干劲。,A,3.He came here without friends or and made his fortune.A.possessions B.possessionC.wealths D.good解析 wealth是不可数名词,无复数形式；good后加-s才是“财产”的意思；possession作“财产;所有物”讲时,常用复数形式。,A,4.The Olympic remind us of where the Olympics are held and the characteristics of the host
8、 country.A.symbols B.signalsC.marks D.signs解析 考查名词辨析。symbol象征,标志,符号,Olympic symbols奥林匹克标志。signal信号,暗号；mark记号,标记；sign标记,符号；手势,姿势；信号。,A,5.I bought a dress for you only 10 dollars in a sale;it was a real .A.exchange B.bargainC.trade D.business解析 考查名词词义的掌握。句意为:我仅花10美元给你买了一件甩卖的裙子;真是一件便宜货。bargain廉价货,便宜货。e
9、xchange交换,交流;trade贸易;business商业,买卖;事情。,B,6.Whats the of having a public open space where you cant eat,drink or even simply hang out for a while？A.sense B.matterC.case D.opinion 解析 考查名词辨析。sense在这里译为“意义，意思”。,A,7.The young man made a to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduat
10、ion.A.prediction B.promiseC.plan D.contribution解析 考查名词词义辨析。make a promise表示“作出承诺”,符合题意。,B,8.I cant say which wine is the bestits a(n) of personal taste.A.affair B.eventC.matter D.variety解析 matter意为“事件,问题”。根据所提供的情景“I cant say which wine is best”可判断出句意为：我不能说哪种酒最好,因为这是个人口味的问题。affair意为“事务,事件,私事”;event意为
11、“事件,事变；竞赛”;variety意为“变化,多样性；种种,品种,种类”。,C,9.My morning includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.A.drill B.actionC.regulation D.routine解析 由句中的“jogging in the park and reading newspapers.”可知,空格须填routine一词(日常事务)。drill操练;action行为;regulation 规定。,D,10.To make members of a team per
12、form better,the trainer first of all has to know their and weaknesses.A.strengths B.benefitsC.techniques D.values解析 考查词义辨析。根据句意“要知道他们的强项和弱点”可知应选A项。,A,11.My of this weekends activity is going out with some good friends.A.idea B.opinionC.mind D.thought解析 考查在具体语境中名词的辨析。注意idea为“想法，意见”等,idea 的使用范围最大;opin
13、ion为“意见，看法，主张”,指“对事物或问 题初步的、不十分肯定的意见”;mind为“头脑，智力，精神”;thought意思为“思考”,表示经过沉思、推理而在头脑中形成的意念或思想。句意为：对于这一周的活动,我的想法是和一些好朋友出去。故选A。,A,12.He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others.A.temper B.appearanceC.talent D.character解析 A项意为“脾气”;B项意为“外表,外观”;C
14、项意为“聪明才智”;D项意为“性格,秉性”。,D,13.In our class,when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book,it was a for everyone to stand up.A.signal B.chanceC.mark D.measure解析 根据句意可知铃响及老师合上书本,这是下课的暗示,选项中只能选择signal。chance机会；mark分数；痕迹；measure方法,措施。,A,14.The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public wit
15、hout anywhen the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April,2009.A.delay B.effortC.schedule D.consideration解析 考查词义辨析。delay耽搁,延误;effort努力;schedule时间表;consideration考虑,体谅;关心。句意为:当H1N1型流感2009年4月袭击墨西哥时,世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。故选A项。,A,15.He says that my new car is a of money.Dont you think those words are just sour gr
16、apes？A.lack B.loadC.question D.waste解析 考查单词的区别。lack缺乏;load负担;question疑问;waste 浪费;根据句意,尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。,D,16.From their on the top of the TV Tower,visitors can have a better view of the city.A.stage B.positionC.condition D.situation解析 stage舞台；时期,阶段;position位置;condition条件,情况;situation形势,情
17、况;情景;根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B项。句意为：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置,游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。,B,17.Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for building.A.respect B.friendshipC.reputation D.character解析 根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性,不会增强“尊敬”或“名声”,“友谊”可以增强,但与前面health不搭配,故答案为character。,D,18.China has got a goo
18、d for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A.reputation B.influenceC.impression D.knowledge解析 从句意及空格后面的介词入手,表达“中国在上面有着较好的声誉”应接介词for。influence后接on；impression后接on;knowledge后接of。,A,19.In a time of social reform,peoples state of mind tends to keep with the rapid changes of s
19、ociety.A.terms B.paceC.progress D.touch解析 keep pace with与齐头前进,符合句子意思。keep terms with sb.同某人交往；keep touch with与联系。无keep progress with搭配。,B,20.Mr.Barren doesnt think that all bad language should be allowed.In his opinion,there are that should be kept up.A.degrees B.levelsC.limits D.standards解析 定语从句that should be kept up 中的keep up 表示“保持，维持，坚持”。根据前一句的逻辑推理:Barren 先生认为我们不能容忍所有骂人的话,可以推断出“需要维持一定的标准、准则”。,D,返回,
