1、现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义
2、是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be 动词表示）常与 for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose）不能直接与 for since 连用。要改变动词come-be
3、go out-be out finish-be over open-be opendie-be dead1.have代替 buyMy brother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用 keep或 have代替 borrowI have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用 be替代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用 have a cold代替 catch a cold
4、Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用 wear代替 put onb)用“be形容词”代终止性动词1、bemarried 代 marry 2、beill 代 fall (get) ill3、bedead 代 die 4、beasleep 代 fall (get) asleep5、beawake 代 wake/wake up 6、begone 代 lose,die,sell,leave7、beopen 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut9、bemissing(gone,lost)代 losec)用“b
5、e副词”代终止性动词1“beon”代 start,begin2“beup”代 get up3“beback(to)”代 return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代 come(arrive,reach,get) here或 go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替 go to /come to2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替 move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. h
6、ave arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned have been back3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up；7. have died have been dead；8. have
7、left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed have been over；11. Have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had15. have lost hav
8、ent had16. have put on have worn17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold；18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the armyhave been a member of/ have been in/have been the Partys member/the league member/the soldier注意：
9、 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如 yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如 already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:He has already obtained(得到获得) a scholarship(奖学金).I havent seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen t
10、hat film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如 often, sometimes, ever, never, twice等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如 now, these days
11、/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.5.现在完成时的“完成用法“现在完成时的“完成用法“指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。)
12、现在完成时“完成用法“的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently 等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once 等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning month year.，today 等)连用。例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？6.现在完成时的“未完成用法“现在完成时的“未完成用法“指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从 1978年以
13、来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于 1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于 5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由 since或 for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：so far)等。例如：I have heard nothing from him so far.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词
14、。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die 等。8.一段时间+has passed+since 从句9. 现在完成时常和短语 “up to now /till now“, “so far“ (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)Up to/till now hes read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。Ive been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别gone:去了没回 been to :去过 been in：呆了很久11.不能与 when连用
