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初高中英语语法衔接时态语态20150906.ppt

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1、初高中英语语法衔接系列(一),时态与语态,一、动词时态英语的时态从时间上来看,可分为“现在”,“过去”,“将来“和”过去将来“四大类。动词共有十六种不同时态,但常用的时态有:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时 、现在完成进行时、将来完成时和将来进行时,1)经常性、习惯性的动作I go to work by bus. 2)现在的特征或状态I am a teacher and I teach English. I love sports. 3)普遍真理/谚语/情景提示Light travels faster than sound. Wat

2、er boils at 100. Practice makes perfect. A friend in need is a friend indeed.,I. 一般现在时,2、谓语构成1) 肯定句:谓语用动词原形或第三人称单数Toms parents _ to work by bike every day.,go,Li Tao _ English every morning.,studies,2) 否定句:谓语用 dont/doesnt 加动词原形构成I _ (not get) up at six every morning.,dont get,She _ (not watch) TV in

3、 the evening.,doesnt watch,3) 一般问句:用 Do 或 Does 加陈述句(谓语动词用原形)-_ he _ (work) in a plastic factory? -No, he doesnt.,Does work,(4) 特殊问句:疑问词加一般问句-_ do you write to him?-Once a month.,How often,(1)As you can see , the number of cars on roads _rising these days . A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were kee

4、ping,(2)This machine _. It hasnt worked for years . didnt work B. wasnt working C. doesnt work D. isnt working,(3) Scientists think that the continents _always where they _today .A. arent ; are B. arent ;were C. werent ;are D. werent ;were,II. 一般过去时,1、一般过去时用法:句中常有表示过去的时间状语如 yesterday, in 1989, once,

5、 last week (month, year), at that time, just now 等1)表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态He bought a new bike last week.They were in the office just now.2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作When I was a small child, I often went to that park and played football. He used to walk along the road after supper.,2、谓语构成1)肯定句:谓语用动词的过去式Yesterday,

6、 I _ to a shop and _ a pen.,went,bought,2)否定句:助动词 didnt 加动词原形She _(take) any money with her that day.,didnt take,3)一般问句:助动词 Did 加陈述句(动词用原形)-_ you _ to the cinema last night? -No, I didnt.,Did,go,4)特殊问句:疑问词 + 一般问句-_ _ you find your key? -I _ it under my desk.,Where,did,found,特殊句式 1. Its time we _ (ha

7、ve) a rest.,had,Its (high) time 后从句谓语用过去式,2. I would rather he _ (come) with you.,came,would rather 后从句谓语一般用过去式,用来表示语气委婉或对现在情况的虚拟,如: Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it happened yesterday.,III. 一般将来时,1、一般将来时用法:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态I will go to Tibet some day by plane.He will be busy tonight. 2、谓语构

8、成1)肯定句(1)will 加动词原形 (第一人称也可用 shall )She _ back in twenty minutes.,will come,(2)be going to 加动词原形a. 打算、计划做某事I _ a dictionary tomorrow.,am going to buy,b. 即将、眼看要发生Look at the dark clouds. It_ .,is going to rain,(3)be to 加动词原形:安排好的事We _ at the entrance of the park.,are to meet,(4)按时刻表进行的, 可用现在时表示将来The

9、plane _ at a quarter past nine.,arrives,(5)用进行时表示将来They _ (leave) tomorrow.,are leaving,come, leave, go, move, start, arrive, stay,(6)主句是将来时,条件从句用现在时We _ (go) to the park if it _ (not, rain) tomorrow.,will go,doesnt rain,2)否定句:will / shall 加 notwont / shantHe _ come to the party tomorrow.,b. We _ (g

10、ive) it to him when he _ (arrive).,will give,arrives,c. One _ (not, learn) English well unless he _ (study) hard.,will not learn,studies,wont,Will,_ we have a break?,Shall,3)一般问句:将 will 提到句首(第一人称用 shall )_ you go to the Summer Palace with us?,4)疑问词 + 一般问句_ shall we meet next time?,When and where,_ i

11、s he going to do tomorrow afternoon?,What,_ will he turn to for help?,Who,_ shall we do if there is no bus?,What,(1) Your job _ open for your return. Thanks. A. will be kept B. will keepsC. keep D. was kept,(2)As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _and see him. A. you will come B. will you com

12、eC. you come D. do you come,3)Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reachedC. never reach D. never reached,4)-What would you do if it _tomorrow ? -We have to carry it on , since we have got everything ready . A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining,5)Loo

13、k at the timetable . Hurry up ! Flight 4026_off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken,(6)Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. A. Will be calling B. will callC. call D. am to call,(7)Look at these clouds._.A. Itll rain B. Its going to rainC. Itll be ra

14、ining D. It is to rain,IV. 现在进行时,1、现在进行时用法:1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作I am teaching and you are listening to me. 2)表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作He is writing a book this week.3)与 always 连用表示赞扬、不满等情绪The girl is always smiling happily.You are always making the same mistake.,2、谓语构成:be动词(am, is, are) + 现在分词 Toms mother _ (watch

15、) TV and his father _ (read) newspaper.,is watching,is reading,2)否定句在 be 动词后加 not 一般问句只需把 be 动词提到句首They _ (not, play) football. They _ (play) basketball.,are not playing,are playing,-_ she _ (do) her homework now? -No, she isnt. she _ (write) a letter.,Is,doing,is writing,-Who _ our teacher _ (talk)

16、 with? -He _ with my father.,is,talking,is talking,3 下列动词不可用进行时。,表示心理状态,情感的动词:like, love,hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, need, mean.,表感官的动词:see, hear, notice, feel, smell, Sound, taste, look, watch.,1. I dont suppose the police know who did it.Well, surprisingly they do. A ma

17、n has been arrested and _ now. Ahas been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned,(2)Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _ ? A. did they speak B. were they speaking C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking,3Are you still busy? Yes, I _ my work, an

18、d it wont take long. A. just finish B. am just finishing C. have just finished D. am just going to finish,V. 过去进行时,1、过去进行时用法表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作 He was watching TV when I came in. 2、谓语构成be 动词(was, were) + 现在分词a. She _ (see) a film with her friend this time yesterday.,was seeing,b. We _ football whe

19、n it began to rain.,were playing,(1) Whats wrong with your coat? Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it. A. sat B. had satC. had been sitting D. was sitting,(2)Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she _. A. ha

20、s done B. had doneC. was doing D. is doing,(1)As she _ the newspaper, Granny_ asleep. A. read, was falling B. was reading, fell C. was reading , was falling D. read, fell,(2 ) I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; oc

21、curred D. was going; had occurred,VI. 现在完成时,1、现在完成时用法:1)表示动作已经完成(强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果)I have finished my work.He has found his lost key.2)表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态They have worked in that factory for ten years.,2、谓语构成:助动词(have, has) + 过去分词We _ one hundred apple trees this year.,have planted,Miss Li _

22、an English-Chinese dictionary.,has bought,2)否定句:在助动词(have, has)后加 nothavent, hasntI _ (not, finish) reading the novel.,3、have been 与 have gone 的区别He has been to Washington twice. 去过 He has gone to Washington. 去了(现在不在这里),havent finished,The meeting will begin in five minutes but she _ (not, come) yet

23、.,hasnt come,3)一般问句:把助动词(have, has)提到句首-_ you _ (hand) in your homework?-No, I havent.,Have,handed,-_ he _ (tell) you the exciting news? -Yes, he has.,Has,told,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别?,(1)We _our new neighbors yet , so we dont know their names. A. dont meet B. wont meet C. havent met D. hadnt met,(2)The coff

24、ee is wonderful ! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before . A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had,(3)My brother is an actor .He _ in several films so far . A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing,(6) The window is dirty , I know .It _for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. di

25、dnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned,(7) - Where _ the recorder ?-I cant see it anywhere .I _it right here , but now its gone .A. did you put ; have put B. have you put ; put C. had you put ; was putting D. were you putting,VII. 过去完成时,1、过去完成时用法(过去的过去)表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作When I arrived

26、, the film _ (begin).,2、过去完成时构成:had + 过去分词When I got home, they _ (get) supper ready.,had begun,They _ (learn) Chinese for a year before they came to China.,had learned,He _ (finish) writing the report by the end of last month.,had finished,She told us her parents _ (work) in the hospital for twenty

27、 years.,had worked,had got,He said he _ to Japan twice.,had been,特殊句式 1. Hardly _ we _ (begin) when we were told to stop.,had,begun,2. No sooner _ the murderer _ (come) back home than he was arrested.,had,come,Hardlywhen; No soonerthan: 一就 前一时态用过去完成时,后一时态用过去时,2-Hurry up ! Alice and Sue are waiting f

28、or you at the school gate . -Oh ! I thought they _without me. A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone,1.The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous . She _before .A. hasnt flown B. didnt fly C. hadnt flown D. wasnt flying,VIII. 过去将来时,1、过去将来时用法:表示在过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作He said he w

29、ould visit the Palace Museum the next week.,2、过去将来时构成:would + 动原或 was(were) going to + 动原He told me he _ (take) me to the US the next month.,would take,They said they _ (not, allow) any reporter to enter their factory.,wouldnt allow,We told her we _ (send) her to Beijing.,were going to send,IX. 现在完成

30、进行时,1、用法从过去开始的动作不间断地延续到现在,有可能继续持续下去。2、谓语构成: have / has been doing,have been waiting,It _ (rain) since this Monday.,has been raining,We _ (wait) for him for threehours.,将来完成时 “will have done” 表示到将来的某个时间已经完成的行为。We _ (complete) the building by the end of next year.,will have completed,will be having,将来

31、进行时 “will be doing” 表示在将来的某个时间里正在进行的动作。Please ask him not to phone me when he comes, I _ (have) a meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon.,动 词 的 语 态,主动语态,被动语态,主语是动作的执行者,We water the flowers once a week.,They caught the thief stealing a bike.,主语是动作的承受者,The flowers are watered once a week.,The thief was ca

32、ught stealing a bike.,一、被动语态的构成:be 动词 + 及物动词的过去分词 二、各种时态的被动语态:主动句变被动句:a. 主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语b. 被动句的谓语由“be + 原主动句谓语动词的过去分词”构成,由 be 体现时态(语态变了,时态不能变)c. 主动句的主语变为 by 的宾语,可省略 1、一般现在时:The dustmen clean the street every morning.,The street,is cleaned,by the dustmen,every morning.,The street is cleaned every morn

33、ing.,am / is / are + 过去分词,2、一般过去时:We hid the ball behind the door last night.,The ball _ behind the door by us last night.,was / were + 过去分词,3、一般将来时:They will plant some pine trees in the park.,Some pine trees _ in the park.,will be + 过去分词,4、现在进行时:The workers are building a new bridge over the river

34、.,A new bridge _ over the river.,am / is / are + being + 过去分词,5、过去进行时:The doctors were operating on him when I arrived.,He _ when I arrived.,was / were + being + 过去分词,was hidden,will be planted,is being built,was being operated on,6、现在完成时:He has posted all the letters.,All the letters_.,have / has +

35、 been + 过去分词,1、双宾语:一个变主语,另一个不动(间宾前加介词)My friend bought me two English books.,I _ two English books. Two English books _ for me.,2、主动句中省去的 to,被动句中要写出来The boss made the workers _ 14 hours a day.The workers were made _ 14 hours a day.,、情态动词:You must return the book tomorrow.,The book _ tomorrow.,must /

36、 can / may + be + 过去分词,have been posted,must be returned,was bought,were bought,work,to work,练习:变被动语态 1. She asked me to come a little later.I was asked to come a little later. 2. We built this house in 2004.This house was built in 2004. 3. He showed me the way to the station.I was shown the way to

37、the station. 4. You must do it right now.It must be done right now. 5. They are building a new library near our home.A new library is being built near our home. 6. They have given us a very difficult job.We have been given a very difficult job.,7. He will show us a few good films.We will be shown a

38、few good films. 8. A large number of people can speak English in the world now.English can be spoken by a large number of people in the world now. 9. We must put the computer here.The computer must be put here. 10. At that time they taught him how to cook these vegetables.At that time he was taught how to cook these vegetables.,

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