1、,Subject Clauses 主语从句,划出下列复合句的宾语从句与表语从句。 Jemmy believes that he will win the game. 2. I wonder if you could answer a few questions about the survey. 3. May I ask what class you are in? 4. I think it important that we all try to protect the environment. 5. The fact is that he earned his living by tak
2、ing two part- time jobs. 6. Thats why he has come here.,_ 宾从,_,_ 宾从,_ 宾从,_,_宾从,_,_ 表从,_ 表从,2. 位置：,及物动词或介词后,3. 引导词：,4. 语序：,陈述句语序,根据成分和意义确定,缺什么填什么-May we ask what you are doing.,1. 定义：,充当宾语的从句,宾语从句,2. 位置：,系动词后,3. 引导词：,4. 语序：,陈述句语序,根据成分和意义确定,缺什么填什么,1. 定义：,充当表语的从句,The question is who the man is.,表语从句,3.
3、 To find your way can be a problem.,2. Smoking is bad for you.,1. You are a student.,Find out the subject for each sentence.,4. A tree has fallen across the road.,5 What it was to become was uncertain. 6 why they suddenly disappeared remains a mystery.7 whether life will continue on the earth will d
4、epend on whether this problem can be solved.,_,_,_,3. To find your way can be a problem.,2. Smoking is bad for you.,1. You are a student.,名词,代词,V-ing,动词不定式,4. A tree has fallen across the road.,5 What it was to become was uncertain. 6 why they suddenly disappeared remains a mystery.7 whether life wi
5、ll continue on the earth will depends on whether this problem can be solved.,_,_,_,句子做主语-主语从句,8. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.That water was to be fundamental to the development of life was not immediately obvious,_,_,_,形式主语,真正主语,I I,主语从句
6、,主语从句,在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。,1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,1). That he will succeed is certain .Whether he will go there is not known .3) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.,1 引导主语从句的连接词有三类：1）从属连词：that， whether. that , whether引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。Whether we go by train o
7、r by boat makes no difference. Whether hell come here isnt clear. That price will go up is certain.,由whether和that引导的主语从句放在句首， 句后都可。,Whether it will please them is not easy to say.,It is not easy to say whether it will please them.,What she did is not yet known. Who will write the poem has not been d
8、ecided yet. Whatever he did is right.,(2) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,3) 连接副词 where, when, how, why等,在从句作 状语，表时间、地点、方式和原因等How this happened is not clear to anyone.,When he will be back depends on the weather.How the pyramids were built is still a
9、mystery.,主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例: That we shall be late is certain. - Its certain that we shall be late. 1. That the earth is round is known to all. - 2. That you missed the chance is a pity. -,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its known to all that the earth is ro
10、und.,A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam. B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如： Its a pity that we cant go.,2. 用it
11、 作形式主语的结构,C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.,D. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如：It happened that I was out that day. E. It+doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：It do
12、esnt matter whether she will come or not.,注 意：,What you left are only several old books. What you said is of great importance. Whether hell come here is not clear.,1.“if” 不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。,3.主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。,4.“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：1）常与其后的名词作表语一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。,4. 主语从句需注意的问题,2.主语从句中用陈述语序,1)_ you
13、 said yesterday is right. 2)_ she is still alive is a consolation（安慰）. 3)_ he lost the bike worried him a lot.,what 与 that在引导主语从句时的区别,what,That,That,4)_ caused the accident remains unknown. 5) _ made matters worse was_ night began to fall. 6) _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.,What,What that
14、,What,what,主语从句的引导词和_从句_从句的引导词基本一致,引导词的作用同样没有改变: 1 that:在名词性从句中,只起到引导和连接作用,没有意思,在_从句和_从句中不能省略. 2.引导主语从句的“是否”是引导词_ 3what ,who, whom, which在名词性从句中充当_,_或_; whose一般充当_.,宾语,表语,表语,主语,whether,主语 宾语 表语,定语,4 when, where, why, how在名词性从句中充当_,表示时间,地点,原因,方式.,5.whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever,whoever, who
15、mever是强调说法,不表示疑问.,状语,怎样判断连接词与连接代词？, 判断主从句 划分从句成份，判断是否缺成份或从句意义是否完整从句意义完整，选用连接词（that, whether, if）从句缺名词性成份（主语，宾语，表语，定语），选用连接代词（what, who, whose, whatever, whoever, whom, which）3. 从句缺状语，就选用连接副词(when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however) 选用连接词时不仅要判断句子成份，还要注意语义,_ makes this shop different is tha
16、t it offers more personal services.2. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth，_ our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space.3. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger economy.,1. 用适当的连词或it填空。,随堂练习,What,what,It,4. I have always been honest and straightfor
17、ward， and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to.5. _is suggested that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.,随堂练习,It,who,1. 用适当的连词或it填空。,6. _he solved the difficult problem so quickly is still unknown.7. _ he jumped from the high building last night is that he couldnt pay o
18、ff his debt.,随堂练习,How,Why,1. 用适当的连词或it填空。,8. _ he will come is certain.9._ it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.10. _ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.,随堂练习,Whether,That,Which,1. 用适当的连词或it填空。,随堂练习,合并句子，使每个句子 都包含一个主语从句,1. He hadnt said anything. It surprised us all.That
19、he hadnt said anything surprised us all.It surprised us all that he hadnt said anything.,随堂练习,合并句子，使每个句子 都包含一个主语从句,2. Who was responsible for the accident? That is not clear yet.Who was responsible for the accident is not clear yet. It is not clear yet who was responsible for the accident. 3. He sho
20、uld be here by the weekend. That is for sure.It is for sure that he should be here by the weekend.That he should be here by the weekend is for sure.,4) How the pyramids were built is still a mystery./It is still a mystery how the pyramids were built.5) Whether she will accept the invitation wont mak
21、e any difference./It wont make any difference whether she will accept the invitation.,单句改错,It matters much if you are determined or not A Bif you want to succeed.C 2. When the broadcast station will be ready is Aunknown, so it is uncertain if I can apply a job B Cthere or not.,whether,whether,3. How
22、 they went to the USA is that I want toA Bknow. However， why they went there is funny.C 4. What he wanted to see was an end to all theAarmies of the world， but how will all theB armies disappear remains a mystery， and thatC it will happen is still unknown.,随堂练习,单句改错,what,when/whether,. 英汉互译 (P66) 1. 还没弄清楚这条新公路什么时候可以通车。 2. 我们很困惑他怎么这么早就完成了工作。 3. 还没有决定谁将在会议上发言。 4. What we need 5. When he will come to the company 6. whether he tells the truth or not,. 请填入适当的关系词或连接词，使句法合理、 句意通顺 (P66) 1. when 2. where 3. who 4. that 5. Whether 6. what 7. why 8. that 9. That 10. What,
