1、The Mean Mans PartyThe notorious(声名狼藉的)cheapskate(小气鬼) fin-ally decided to have a party.Explaining to a friend how to find his apartment,he said,“Come up to the fifth floor and ring the doorbell with your elbow(肘部)When the door open,push with your foot.”“Why use my elbow and foot?”“Well,gosh,”was th
2、e reply, “Youre not coming emptyhanded,are you?”,非谓语动词的句法功能,(2010上海春季高考)_well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university. ADo BDoing CDone DBeing done,解析:Doing well in an interview 为v.ing形式在句中作主语。,答案:B,1v.ing形式和不定式都可以作主语,v.ing形式作主语 表示一般的或抽象的习惯性的行为;不定式作主语往 往表示具体的、一次性的或
3、特指的动作。Playing with fire is dangerous.(泛指玩火)玩火是危险的。To play with fire will be dangerous.(指某一具体动作)玩火将很危险。,2v.ing形式和不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语。It is no use crying over split milk.覆水难收。It is not easy to study English well.学好英语是不容易的。,(2010福建高考)In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcan
4、ic ash cloud. Asticking Bstuck Cto be stuck Dto have stuck,解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:四月份,成千上万的度假者由于火山灰的影响而被滞留在国外。此处remain为系动词,后接过去分词作表语,表示被动。,答案:B,2分词作表语。现在分词作表语表示主语(事、物)所具有 的特征,如:delighting,astonishing,disappointing, exciting,frightening,satisfying,interesting, worrying等,过去分词作表语表示主语(人)所处的状态, 如:delighted,astoni
5、shed,disappointed,excited, frightened,satisfied,interested,worried等。His lecture is interesting.Im interested in it.他的演讲很有趣,我对它感兴趣。,(2009上海高考)David threatened _ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. Ato be reported Breporting Cto report Dhaving reported,解析:句意:大卫威胁说,如果这些损坏没有得到赔偿,他就
6、把邻居告到警察那儿去。threaten 后需加不定式作宾语,故排除B、D两项;David 与 report 之间为主动关系,不必用被动形式,故选C项。,答案:C,1下列动词只能用不定式作宾语巧学助记决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish; refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise, choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。,此外,afford,strive,happen,wait等也要用不定式作宾语。 She prete
7、nded not to see me when I passed by. 当我经过时,她假装没看见我。 We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。,2下列动词只能用v.ing形式作宾语巧学助记考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,excuse/pardon;admit, delay/put off,fancy(想象,设想);avoid,miss, keep/keep on,
8、practice;deny,finish, enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;mind, allow/permit,escape。,此外,be used to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,cant stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,apologize for,be busy(in),have difficulty/trouble(in),spend time(in)等动词词组也要用v.
9、ing形式作宾语。 He got wellprepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity. 他为这次的工作面试作好了准备,因为他不能冒险失去这么好的机会。,3下列动词或词组既可以跟v.ing形式作宾语,也可以跟不 定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意,I remember turning off the lights in the classroom. 我记得关上教室的灯了。 Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave
10、the classroom.当你离开教室时,请记着关灯。 We regret selling the farm. 我们很后悔卖掉了农场。 I regret to tell you that your father is ill. 我遗憾地告诉你,你父亲病了。,(2)动词like,love,prefer后接不定式或v.ing形式作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为常用v.ing形式,如表示具体的行为常 用动词不定式。但要注意:如果like,love,prefer前有 would/should时,后面则应接动词不定式作宾语。feel like 后接动名词作宾语。I like swimming,but I
11、 dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳,但今天下午不想游泳。I would like to have a cup of coffee.我想喝杯咖啡。We all feel like celebrating.我们都想庆祝一番。,(4)动词need,require,want作“需要”解时,其后必须用 v.ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,表示事 情需要被做。这时v.ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用v.ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。此外, 若动词need表“需要”,require表“要求”,want表“想要”这 些意义
12、时,其后需接名词或代词作宾语,然后接不定式作 宾语补足语。,4动词不定式在介词but,other than后面时,如果 介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式,那么介词后 的不定式不带to,否则就要带to。We could do nothing but/other than wait and see.我们没有办法,只得观望。(wait前省去不定式符号to) He had no choice but to resign.他别无选择,只能辞职。(resign前的不定式符号to不能省略) 另外在cant choose but,cant help but(只好),cant but(只好),had bette
13、r,would rather后面的不定式也 要省略to。,I cannot choose but tell her the truth. 我别无选择只好把实情告诉她。 I cannot but give it up.我只好放弃它。 You had better come here on time. 你最好准时到这儿。 I would rather stay than otherwise. 我宁愿留下来也不愿做别的。,5不定式作动词tell,show,understand,explain, teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide, wonder,find ou
14、t等词的宾语时,前面常带引导 词how,what,whether,where,when,who等 to do,但why不带to的不定式。I dont know what to do.I dont know what I should do.我不知道做些什么。,(2010全国卷)Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ from the library. Ato borrow Bto be borrowed Cborrowed Dborrowing,解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:怀特老师向她的学生展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。maps与borr
15、ow为动宾关系,因此空白处应用过去分词作后置定语,故答案为C。,答案:C,1不定式作定语不定式可用在名词、代词、序数词、the only和形容词 最高级等后面作定语。不定式作定语常用来表示将来的 动作,而v.ing形式作定语表示正在进行的或主动的动 作,过去分词作定语表示的则是完成的或被动的动作。He had no chance to go to school before liberation.解放前他没有上学的机会。Have you got anything to do this evening?今晚你有事吗?,注意 不定式作定语时常与被它修饰的名词之间有动宾关系。若不定式与该句的主语构成
16、逻辑上的主谓关系,则不定式用主动形式;若不定式与该句的主语构不成逻辑上的主谓关系,则不定式用被动形式。,Please give me something nice to eat.(不用to be eaten) 请给我些好吃的。 Do you have anything to be typed,sir? 先生,你有东西要打印吗? No,thanks. 没有,谢谢。(打印的动作并不是you发出的,故不定 式用被动形式),(2)在there be 结构中,当说话人强调的是必须有人去完成 某件事时,不定式用主动形式;如果说话人强调的是事 情本身必须完成,则用被动形式。There is a lot of
17、 work to do.有许多活要干。(Someone has to do the work.)There is a lot of work to be done.有许多活要干。(The work has to be done.),2v.ing形式作定语 (1)v.ing形式作定语往往表示所修饰词的作用或用途。a swimming poola pool for swimming游泳池a waiting room a room for waiting候诊/车室,(2)v.ing形式作定语时表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表 示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后,一般 不能用现在分词作定语,而
18、要用定语从句。The man standing by the window is our teacher.在窗口站着的那个人是我们的老师。The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.老师批评了打破窗户的那个学生。,3v.ed形式作定 (1)单个的v.ed形式作定语时多数前置。及物动词的v.ed 形式表示被动和完成意义,不及物动词的v.ed形式仅表 示完成意义。The lost time can never be found again.失去的时间永远也找不回来。The ground is covered with f
19、allen leaves.满地都是落叶。,注意 有些单个的v.ed形式既可作前置定语也可作后置定语,但多数情况下,这两种形式意义有区别。 Weve collected a large quantity of used books. 我们收集了大量的旧书。 You should put all the books used at hand and the others in order on the shelf. 你应当把所有用得着的书放在手边,其他的按顺序放在书架上。,(2)v.ed形式短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之 后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但比从句简洁,多用 于书面语中。Th
20、e concert given by their friends was a great success.他们的朋友们举行的音乐会很成功。 (3)非限制性定语从句。The meeting,attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.有五千多人参加了这个欢迎伟 大英雄的大会。,4不定式的一般被动式(to be done)、过去分词(done)和现 在分词的一般被动式(being done)作定语的区别: 不定式的一般被动式(to be done)表被动、将来;过去分词(done)表被动、完成;现在分词的一般被动式(
21、being done)表被动、正在进行。 The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 明天在会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。(表被动、将来) Have you read the novel written by Dickens? 你读过狄更斯的小说吗?(表被动、完成) Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.听!现在正唱着的这首歌在学生中非常流行。(表被动、正在进行),(2010陕西高考)_ from the
22、top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. ASeen BSeeing CHaving seen DTo see,解析:考查非谓语动词作状语。句意:从塔顶上眺望,南边的山脚是一大片树的海洋。因非谓语动词与句子的主语是动宾关系,故用过去分词,选A。,答案: A,1不定式作状语 不定式作状语可表示目的、原因、结果等。不定式作目 的状语,往往是高考命题的重点。为了加以强调,有时可把不定式放在句首,或其前加in order或so as。 In order to arrive before dark,we star
23、ted early. 为了在天黑前到达,我们很早就动身了。(不定式表示目的) Im pleased to be invited to speak here. 我很高兴被邀请在这里讲话。(不定式表示原因) He is too young to join the army. 他年纪太小,不能参军。(不定式表示结果),注意 不定式所表示的结果通常是未曾料到的、不太好的结果,而v.ing表示的结果则强调自然发展的结果。试比较: I walked all the way from my home to the library,only to find it closed. 我从家里一路走到图书馆,不料它
24、已经关门了。(only to.表示未曾料到的结果) Football is played all over the world,making it the most popular sport. 世界各地的人们都踢足球,这使它成了最受欢迎的运动。(making.强调自然发展的结果),2分词作状语 (1)分词作状语的基本原则分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持 一致。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关 系,否则不能使用分词作状语。,(2) 分词作状语的句法功能 分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可
25、由连词while或when引出。 Be careful while/when crossing the street.(时间) 过马路时小心点。 Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.(让步) 虽然已被告诉过很多次了,他仍然重复犯同样的错误。,(3) 独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:generally speaking一般说来;frankly speaking坦白地说;judging from/by.根据来判断;considering./tak
26、ing.into consideration考虑到;to tell you the truth说实话;seeing.考虑到;supposing即使,如果;providing如果;saving除了,除非;assuming假使;admitting虽说,即使;given如果;provided that如果;compared to/with与相比。,Judging from his accent,he is from the south. 从他的口音判断,他来自南方。 Considering your health,youd better have a rest. 考虑到你的健康,你最好休息一下。 T
27、o tell you the truth,I am a little tired. 说实话,我有点累了。,(4) 独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和主句主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构(Absolute Constr-uction)。独立主格结构的特点是:独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。独立主格结构的构成是:名词(代词)现在分词/过去分词;名词(代词)形容词;名词(代词)副词;名词(代词)不定式
28、;名词(代词)介词短语构成。,The test finished(When the test was finished),we began our holiday.考试结束时,我们开始放假。 The president assassinated(After the president was assassinated),the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀后,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 The meeting over(After the meeting was over),we went home happily. 会议结束了,我们高兴地回家了
29、。,(2011烟台模拟)He was seen _the car at high speed on the highways last night. Adriving Bdrive Cto drive Ddriven,解析:语意表示,被看见时,他正以很高的速度行驶在高速路上。这里表示的是他当时正在进行的动作,而若用原形则表示别人看到他驾车行驶的全部过程了,不符合常识和逻辑。故用v.ing形式作补语。,答案: A,1分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别 (1)感官动词see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to, notice等和使役动词have后面的宾补有两种情况
30、:当宾 语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系时,需用动词原形(即不带to的不定式)及现在分词doing。不带to的不定式表完成,现在分词表正在进行;当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时,需用过去分词及being do-ne(现在分词一般被动式),过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性,being done表正在进行。,I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动,完成) I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨
31、天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。(主动,正在进行) I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时,我听见一个小女孩正在唱英文歌。(被动,正在进行) I want to have my hair cut. 我打算理发。(被动,完成或没有一定的时间性),注意 不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成或状态。 I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.我低头看了一眼我的脖子发现我的项链不见了。(不
32、及物动词,状态) I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大,我感到惊奇。(不及物动词,完成),(2)have,get后接宾补 have sth.doneget sth.done使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事) Ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。 此外,have sth.done还表示“使遭受”之意。 Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球时,伤了腿。 Mr
33、.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. 史密斯先生在度假期间,他的房子被别人破门而入了。,2注意下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语,它们是:sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found等不定式。 He is said to have gone abroad. It is said that he has gone abroad. 据说,他出国了。 Heat is considered to be a form of energy. 热被看作是一种能量。,3
34、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门 下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语,但在被动语态中要加上to:它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看(look at,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listen to,hear);1感觉(feel)。 以上动词除let,make外都可以用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语,此外find,catch,keep,leave也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。 I hate to see you leave so soon. 我不愿意看到你这么早就离开。 Someone was heard to come up
35、the stairs. 听见有人上楼了。,(2010四川高考)In many peoples opinion,that comp-any,though relatively small,is pleasant _. Ato deal with Bdealing with Cto be dealt with Ddealt with,解析:考查动词不定式。某些形容词(pleasant,nice,comfortable,difficult,hard,easy等)后接动词不定式时,常用主动形式表示被动意义。,答案: A,1不定式的主动和被动 (1)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系 时,
36、不定式往往用主动形式。 Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon?(A knife cuts the watermelon.)你有切西瓜的刀吗? (2)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾 关系,又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式。 She has a sister to look after.(She looks after her sister.) 她有一个妹妹需要照顾。,(3)不定式作表语形容词的状语,和句中主语构成逻辑上 的动宾关系时,不定式多用主动形式,这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb.。 Thi
37、s book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。 This kind of fish is nice to eat.这种鱼很好吃。,2不定式符号to的保留问题有时为了避免重复,可以用to来代替前面的不定式,这种情况常出现在下列动词之后:expect,hope,wi-sh,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try;或出现在be glad/happy,would like/love等的后面。 如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be,have,have been这些词要保留。 I havent been to Hong Kong,but I wi
38、sh to. 我没去过香港,但我希望去。,3动词不定式的复合结构主要用于Its adj.for/of sb.to do.结构中 (1)用of sb.to do的形容词 kind,good,polite,nice,careless,foolish,wrong,stupid,silly,wise,clever,rude,selfish,naughty,right,honest,cruel,greedy,brave等。 Its very kind of you to say so.You are kind to say so. 你这么说真是太好了。,(2)用for sb.to do的形容词 diff
39、icult,possible(impossible),important,hard,necessary,convenient,easy等。 Its necessary for you to learn a foreign language. 对你来说学习一门外语是有必要的。,注意 用介词of引出的逻辑主语既指行为的性质 又指行为人的特点;用介词for引出的逻辑主语只 指行为的性质。,4v.ing形式的逻辑主语当v.ing形式作主语时,其逻辑主语通常用名词所有格 或形容词性物主代词,当v.ing形式作宾语时,在正式 语中,它的逻辑主语用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词, 在非正式语中,用名词的普通格
40、或人称代词宾格。His coming made me very happy.他的到来让我很高兴。Marys crying annoyed him.玛丽哭了,这惹得他生气了。Is there any hope of Toms /Tom winning?汤姆有赢的希望吗?,高考在线 1(2010辽宁高考)We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.Afinding Bto findCfind Dto be found,解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:看到寺院仍处于原始的状态,我们感到非常震惊。空格处为动词不定式作状语,
41、表示原因,故选B项。,答案:B,2(2010北京高考) _ at my classmates faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes.ALooking BLook CTo look DLooked,解析:此题考查非谓语动词。look与句子的主语I是主谓关系,故用现在分词作状语。不定式位于句首常作目的状语。,答案:A,3(2010陕西高考)His first book _ next month is based on a true story.Apublished Bto be publishedCto publish Dbeing publ
42、ished,解析:此题考查非谓语动词。由next month可知用动词不定式表示将来,publish与book之间存在被动关系,故可排除C项。句意:下个月要出版的他的第一本书是以真实的故事为基础的。,答案:B,4(2010江西高考)The lady walked around the shops, _ an eye out for bargains.Akeep BkeptCkeeping Dto keep,解析:考查非谓语动词。由逗号可知,此处为非谓语动词形式,可排除A项;keep与其逻辑主语,即句子的主语the lady为主动关系,可排除B项;“逛商店”与“留意着廉价商品”是同时发生,故选C
43、项而排除D项。现在分词短语keeping an eye out for(留意,注意)作伴随状语。,答案:C,5(2010福建高考)Lots of rescue workers were working a- round the clock, _ supplies to Yushu,Qinghai Province after the earthquake.Asending Bto sendChaving sent Dto have sent,解析:考查分词作伴随状语。本句的主语lots of rescue wo-rkers与send之间为主谓关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。如果本题题干部分the clock后没有逗号,则B项正确。,答案:A,点击上方“模拟预测”进入模拟预测,模拟预测,