1、高中英语语法,版面设计： Ivan Fang,动词时态,课件制作： 孙小峰,资料整理： 杨 讯,定西市安定区中华路中学,高中英语语法专题复习,英语时态,一、一般现在时 二、一般过去时 三、一般将来时 四、过去将来时 五、现在完成时 六、过去完成时 七、现在进行时 八、过去进行时 九、将来完成时 十、将来进行时 十一、现在完成进行时 十二、时态替代 十三、时态一致 十四、几种完成时 十五、时态转换,一般现在时,目录,一般现在时 （一）构成 （1）主+am/is/are/look/turn+表语 （2）主+动词原形（动词第三称单数）+其他He is busy. He isnt busy. Is h
2、e busy？I work. I dont work. Do you work？He works. He doesnt work. Does he work？,一般现在时,目录,（二） 用法 （1）经常性,习惯性的动作,与表示频度的时间状语连用，如every, sometimes, at, on Sunday。如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning. （2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实;格言或警句。如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.Pride
3、 goes before a fall.,一般现在时,目录,注意：此用法在宾语从句中，从句要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. （3）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例：I dont want so much. Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作.,一般现
4、在时,一般过去时,目录,一般过去时 （一）构成 （1）主+was/were+表语 （2）主+动词过去式+其他He was busy. He wasnt busy. Was he busy.I worked. I didnt work. Did you work. （二）用法 （1）在确定过去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982连用。Where did you go just now?,一般过去时,目录,（2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a chi
5、ld, I often played football in the street. （3）used to + do：“过去常常“过去习惯性的动作已不存在。Mother used to smoke. （4）句型: It is time that sb. did “早该了” ; Id rather sb. did .宁愿做某事;I wish that sb did/were “但愿” It is time you went to bed. Id rather you came tomorrow. I wish I were as young as you.,一般过去时,一般将来时,目录,一般将来
6、时（一） 构成（1） Sb will/shall do；（2） Sb is/am/are going to doI will work; I am going to work.（二）用法（1）shall常用第一人称。will 用于多种人称，在征求意见时：Shall we ？ Will you ？Which paragraph shall I read first？ Will you be at home at seven this evening?,一般将来时,目录,（2）be going to do，打算, 计划，安排要做的事He is going to buy a dictionary.
7、What are you going to do tomorrow? （3）be to do，按计划或安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.,一般将来时,目录,（4）一般现在时表将来 1. 瞬间动词用现在代替将来，指时间已确定或安排好的事come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, returnThe train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 2. 在时间或条件句中用现在时代替将来Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.
8、 （5）现在进行时表将来:瞬间动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return用进行表将来Im leaving tomorrow.,一般将来时,过去将来时,目录,过去将来时 （一）构成1. sb would/should do 2. sb was/were going to do （二）用法,-|-|-|-过去 现在 将来,（1）从过去时间看将要发生的动作, “立足过去,着眼未来”, 常用于宾语从句（sb said that he would do）和虚拟语气（sb would do if sb did/were ）中,过去将来时,例句: I he
9、ard that they would return to Shanghai soon.,例句: If I were you, I would study hard.,目录,（2）瞬间动词“go, come, arrive, travel, start, begin, leave, move, fly, return, take off ” 用过去进行表过去将来He said they were leaving at seven. （3）“sb was/ were about to do when sb did ”当即将突然I was about to leave when it began
10、to rain.,过去将来时,目录,sb was doing sb was about to dosb had done,过去将来时,when sb did,当某人正在 当某人即将 突然 当某人刚完成,句式归纳：,I was cooking when someone knocked on the door.,We had arrived when the performance started.,例句,现在完成时,现在完成时,目录,现在完成时 （一）构成：sb have/has done。 （二）用法：（1）表过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;与already , just, yet, bef
11、ore, recently, lately, ever, never, twice, now, these few days/ weeks /months/years, this morning/ week/month/year, today等: 例句：I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了),目录,done（延续动词） Sb has/have been+形容词/名词,since+时间点 since+从句（过去式/瞬间） since+时间段+ago for+时间段,（2）表示从过
12、去某一时刻持续到现在的动作/状态（be+形容词）,例句：Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.,现在完成时,目录,瞬间动词否定可与for/since连用（动作不发生表状态） （错）I have received letter for a month. （对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 瞬间动词肯定不能直接与for/since 连用, 要改变动词为：“延续性动词”或“be+形容词/名词”,现在完成时,目录,常用瞬间动词与延续性动词,现在完成时
13、,目录,常用瞬间动词与延续性动词,现在完成时,目录,常用瞬间动词与延续性动词,现在完成时,目录,常用瞬间动词与延续性动词,现在完成时,目录,常用瞬间动词与延续性动词,现在完成时,目录,常用瞬间动词与延续性动词,现在完成时,目录,常用瞬间动词与延续性动词,现在完成时,The film began 5 minutes ago. They left an hour ago. The man died a week ago. He joined the club 3 days ago. They got married 10 years ago. Jack got home 2 hours ago.
14、Mum opened the door just now. They got to know 10 years ago. I borrowed the book a week ago. I bought the car a year ago.,The film _ _ _ for 5 minutes. They _ _ _ for an hour. The man_ _ _ for a week. He _ _ _ the club for 3 days. They _ _ _ for 10 years. Jack _ _ home for 2 hours. The door _ _ open
15、 for a while. They _ _since 10 years ago. I_ _ the book for a week. I _ _ the car since a year ago.,has been on,have been away,has been dead,has been in,have been married,has been,has been,have known,have kept,have had,目录,（3）用于现在完成时的句型,现在完成时,the first/secondtime 最高级+名词 the only +名词,1. This/It is +,I
16、t is the first time that I have visited the city. This is the best film that Iv seen.,that sb have done,例句：,目录,现在完成时,（3）用于现在完成时的句型,2.,in for during,+ the +,past last,years + months, sb have done,例句：,In the past two years，Ive seen him three times.,目录,现在完成时,（3）用于现在完成时的句型,3.,up to now until now so far,
17、例句：,She hasnt had any friends so far.,，sb have done,目录,现在完成时,（3）用于现在完成时的句型,4.,例句：,He has been to Paris three times. He has gone to Paris. He has been in Paris for 3 years.,have been to have gone to地点 have been in,“表示去过某地” “去了某地” “在某地”,过去完成时,目录,过去完成时 （一）构成： 主语+had done （二）用法：表示过去的过去（以前）发生的动作sb had do
18、ne sb would do -|-|-|- 那时以前 那时 现在,过去完成时,sb said that,目录,1. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought的宾语从句中（sb said that sb had done）She said that she had never been to Paris. 2. sb had hoped/wished/expected/thought /intended /meant to do（sb hoped/wished to have done）表示“原 本，未能“I had intended to speak at the
19、meeting, but time didnt permit. （ I intended to have spoken ）,过去完成时,目录,3. by（ the end of ）过去时间, sb had done.We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term.By 8:00a.m. yesterday, we had arrived at the park.By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 4. Hardly had sb do
20、ne when sb did=No sooner had sb done than sb did表示“一就”No sooner had he bought the car than he sold it.,过去完成时,目录,5. 用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，构成句式：Sb would have done if sb had doneIf my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.6. 状语从句: 在过去发生的两个动作中，先发生的用过去完成时；后发生的用一般过去时When the
21、police arrived, the thieves had run away.,过去完成时,目录,7. 一般过去时代替过去完成时 1）两个动作如按顺序/相继发生, 用then，and，but 或when连接时,用一般过去时。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. When I heard the news, I was very excited.2）叙述历史事实，而只用一般过去时Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.,过去完成时,现在进行时,目录,（一）构成：sb am/
22、is/ are doing （二）用法：1. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情We are waiting for you. 2. 与always, constantly, forever连用，表满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情。You are always watching TV.,现在进行时,目录,（二）不用进行时的动词 1. 表示事实状态的动词have, belong, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等. 例句：I have two brothers. This house be
23、longs to my sister.,现在进行时,目录,（二）不用进行时的动词 2. 表示心理状态的动词know, realize, think ,see, believe, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例句：I need your help. He loves her very much. 3. 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, tu
24、rn等。例句：You seem a little tired.,现在进行时,过去进行时,目录,过去进行时 （一）构成：Sb was/were doing （二）连用的时间词： this time+过去时间，then， yesterday，at nine，last night等;但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。,过去进行时,目录,1. 表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作.例句：What were you doing at nine last night？ I was watching TV at this time last night.,过去进行时,（三）用法：
25、,目录,过去进行时,（三）用法：,2. 表示一个动作正在进行,突然另一个动作发生(1) Sb was/were doing when sb did；(2) As/While sb was/were doing , sb did.,例句：,They were watching TV when the lights went out.,As they were watching TV, the lights went out.,目录,（3）瞬间动词如：go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 用过去进行表示过去将来例句：He was leav
26、ing early the next morning. She asked him whether he was coming back to lunch.,过去进行时,（三）用法：,将来完成时,目录,（一） 构成: sb will have done （二） 用法 1. 状态完成：继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态，常与“by+时间点”连用,例They will have been married for 20 years by then. 2. 动作完成：将来某一时间点已经完成的动作，例 You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow
27、.,将来完成时,将来进行时,目录,（一）构成：sb will be doing （二）用法：强调将来某时正在进行的动作,与“this time+将来的时间”连用 例句：I will be speaking at the meeting this time tomorrow.,将来进行时,现在完成进行时,目录,（一）构成：sb have been doing （二）用法：过去的动作一直持续到现在并一直在进行；(如work, study, live, teach, stay等) 用现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性.I have been living here since 1988. I have
28、been waiting for two hours.,现在完成进行时,目录,现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别: 前者表示到目前已经完成的动作,而后者表示过去的一个动作持续到现在, 还没结束. 例句：I have read the book.I have been reading the book.,现在完成进行时,目录,过去将来完成时,（一）构成：sb would have done （二）用法：表示从过去看将要完成的动作，常用在与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中（Sb would have done if sb had done.） 例如：I would have gone to Peking U
29、niversity if I had studied harder.,时态替代,目录,（一）一般现在时代替1. 一般现在时代替一般将来时: 在时间和条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时（主将从现）;一般现在时中用瞬间动词表示按时间表安排要发生的事 例句： He will visit her aunt when he arrives in Beijing. The plane leaves the airport at 7：00 tonight.,时态替代,目录,2. 一般现在时代替现在完成时: “ It is since“ 代替“It has been since “. 例如：It is fi
30、ve years since we last met. 3.一般现在时代替现在进行时：在Here comes/There goes句型里.例如: There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. （The bus is coming.）,时态替代,目录,（二）现在进行时代替将来时 1. 瞬间动词用进行时代将来, 表示按计划即将发生的 动作（go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay）例句：The party is beginning at 8:00 oclock. 2. 渐变动词用进行代将来（get, run
31、, grow, become）例句：It is getting warmer and warmer.,时态替代,时态一致,目录,（一）并列谓语的时态一致例句:I went shopping, bought some books and had dinner at a good restaurant. （二）主从复合句的时态一致 1. 主句现在时，宾语从句时态按情况而定例句：I wonder what will happen tomorrow. I wonder what happened to him yesterday. I wonder what is happening now outs
32、ide.,时态一致,目录,（2）主句为过去时,宾语从句用过去的某种时态,若从句说明客观真理,用现在时。 He told me he made a big mistake. He told me he would go to Beijing the next day. He told he had finished his task. The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.,时态一致,目录,（3）时间和条件状语从句中，常用现在时表示将来。 We will cancel our trip if it rains tomorr
33、ow. （4）定语从句和比较状语从句时态不受主句影响。 The university where she is studying was founded in 1950. You now speak English better than you spoke it last year.,时态一致,几种完成时,目录,几种完成时,Sb have done Sb had done Sb will have done,现在的时间by 过去的时间将来的时间,几种完成时,时态转换,目录,He works/I work. He worked. He will work.he would work. He h
34、as worked.he had worked. He is working. He was working. He has been working. He will have worked. He will be working. He would have worked.,一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行式 现在完成进行式 将来完成时 将来进行时 过去将来完成时,时态转换,He said that,He said that,目录,He doesnt work. Does he work？ I dont work. Do you
35、work？ I didnt work. Did you work？,He works 否定句一般问句 I work 否定句一般问句 I worked 否定句一般问句,时态转换,目录,He is late. He was late. He will be late. He would be late. He has been late. He had been late.,一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时,时态转换,目录,There is a man in the room. There was a man in the room. There will be a man in the room. There would be a man in the room. There has been a man in the room. There had been a man in the room.,一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时,时态转换,时态转换,知识详解,目录,
