1、Economic Crimes,Unit 9,Criminal Investigation,Unit 9,Economic Crime in a Globalizing SocietyEconomic crimes have globalized, the modus operandi of such crimes has become more advanced, and their scale has been increasing. In the last several years, this trend has been accelerated by the quick prolif
2、eration of computers, a rapid increase in the number of customers for Internet services and the expansion of a credit-card society. Crimes committed by using the Internet as a tool easily transcend national borders and prevail all over the world by their very nature. This makes the investigation of
3、suchTransnational economic crimes more difficult. Thus, as economic crimes in a globalizing society do not stay in one country but prevail across national borders, they present a menace to international society and hamper the sound development of the world economy.,Criminal Investigation,Unit 9,One
4、of the remarkable characteristics of economic crimes in a globalizing society is that the crimes are well-organized. With globalization, economic crimes are being committed on a larger scale, are more complex, and tend to be committed by well-organized groups. This is one of the factors that makes t
5、he prevention and investigation of such crimes tougher. Corporate crime is a typical economic crime committed in a well-organized manner. Corporate related economic crimes usually cause larger-scale damage and have a terrible effect on the economy. We must also not forget the involvement of organize
6、d criminal groups in economic crimes. Criminal groups are involved in not only illegal activities such as drug trafficking, smuggling of persons and firearms trafficking, but also the management of companies by disguising legal transactions for illicit proceeds.,Criminal Investigation,Unit 9,Economi
7、c crimes in this globalizing society range from conventional types such as embezzlement and breach of trust to new types such as collusive bidding, cartels, insider trading, market manipulation, financial crime and computer crime which are increasingly getting more diversified, complicated and sophi
8、sticated. These new types of economic crimes have characteristics such that the victims and/or the damage cannot be identified nor measured, but this does not mean that the damage is not serious. Economic crimes not only harm individuals, but also sometimes cause great loss to public property, and i
9、t results in damaging investors confidence in doing business there and may lead them to invest elsewhere. Thus economic crimes may,Criminal Investigation,Unit 9,ultimately undermine the fundamental basis for the sound socio-economic development in each country. Therefore, every country must recogniz
10、e the importance of fighting economic crime and consider how they can enhance effective countermeasures.The cooperation and exchange of information amongst all sectors such as investigative agencies, administrative organizations and private enterprises are indispensable in carrying out the effective
11、 investigation of economic crimes. Such cooperation and information exchange should be conducted both at a national and international level.,With more than 700,000 wire transfers worth at least $2,000 billion every day, it is a reasonable guess that 0.05 per cent to 0.1 per cent contain laundered fu
12、nds to a value of US$300 million. Stopping them is made especially difficult by their being broken up into small sums, sometimes under $10,000 each so that they do not have to be reported to some national authorities. The result is that spotting them is like trying to find a needle in a haystack.,Th
13、e world financial system has become “a money launderers dream“. It has become so through a combination of globalised financial markets, electronic money transfer networks, easy access to them through financial havens, and some countries laws on banking secrecy.,Fighting Money Laundering,Unit 9,Fight
14、ing Money Laundering,There are three stages of money laundering, namely placement of funds into the financial system; layering to conceal the funds origins; and integration of funds back into the legal economy.,The one thing law enforcement officers have on their side is that criminals have to play
15、by the rules of the system in order to use it, risking exposure in the process. Placement is the most risky part of the process. As far as placement of funds is concerned, exporting bulk cash, usually in $100 bills and sometimes carried under diplomatic cover, is the favored method of getting deposi
16、ts to banks where no questions will be asked about the origins of the money.,Unit 9,Fighting Money Laundering,Casinos in some offshore centres are also favorites for converting funds: cash is exchanged for gambling chips, the launderer plays for a while at the tables, then changes the chips back aga
17、in. Instead of a cheque, some casinos offer immediate electronic transfer of funds to an offshore bank account, or issue a cashiers cheque describing the source of the money as casino winnings, a status difficult to challenge at law. In any event, there is already an international convention against
18、 money laundering to use as a starting point. In 1988, the UN adopted the Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. The Convention came into force on 13 November 1990. It was a landmark because it pushed the issue of the proceeds of crime onto the world agenda
19、.,Unit 9,Fighting Money Laundering,The problem has been that 40 of the UNs 185 Member States have yet to sign and of those that have, UN officials estimate that fewer than 30 are implementing anti-money laundering measures that can be regarded as being quite in accordance with the Convention. What i
20、s new now, however, is that the General Assembly Special Session on Drugs adopted a declaration to step up the fight, with Member States agreeing to legislate by 2003. Never before has there been such a globally collective display of will to fight the problem more effectively.,Unit 9,Fighting Money
21、Laundering,Unit 9,It has become so through a combination of ,这是由于全球化的金融市场、货币电子汇兑网络、金融庇护所盛行以及一些国家的银行保密法等因素共同所致。,It has become so through a combination of globalized financial markets, electronic money transfer networks, easy access to them through financial havens, and some countries laws on banking
22、secrecy.,More,Unit 9,It has become so through a combination of ,In this sentence, “so” is used to replace “a money launderers dream”. 1) so pron. adv./adj. （used in place of something stated already, 用于替代已经陈述的事）如此，这样； in accordance with actual facts, true 属实的，真的 e.g. If you say so I will have to bel
23、ieve it. 如果你那么说，我只好相信了。You know very well that just isnt so. 你非常清楚那不是真的。 2) a combination of 共同，联合体 e.g.The color purple is a combination of red and blue. 紫色是红蓝混合而产生的一种颜色。 3) financial havens 金融庇护所,Unit 9,broken up,break up: to become separated into small pieces 打碎，拆散；to come or bring to an end, esp
24、ecially by separating 结束，解散 e.g. We are putting some illustrations in the book in order to break up the text. 我们在书里加进一些插图，使正文分成几个部分。The police broke up the fight. 警察制止了斗殴。,Unit 9,The result m is like trying to find a needle in a haystack.,1) like prep. in the same way as, similar to 如同一样; for exampl
25、e, such as 诸如；typical of 符合的特点 e.g. He cried like a baby when they told him the news. 他们告诉他这个消息时，他像个孩子一样哭了。It was like him to think of helping her. 像他这样的人才会想到帮她。 2) to find needle in a haystack: something is very small which is hard to find in a big place海底捞针 3) haystack n. a large pile of hay gathe
26、red, usu. outdoors, for storing 干草堆,Unit 9,There are three stages of money laundering,There are three stages of money laundering, namely placement of fund into the financial system; layering to conceal the funds origins; and integration of funds back into the legal economy.,洗钱分三个步骤，具体说来就是在金融系统存钱，掩盖资
27、金的来源，再使资金合法化。,More,Unit 9,There are three stages of money laundering,1) stage n. step 步骤 2) namely adv. and that is (to say) 也就是说， 即，具体说就是 e.g. There is one more topic to discuss, namely the question of your salary. 还有一个问题要讨论，那就是你的薪水问题。 We visited two ancient cities, namely Nimes and Arles. 我们访问了两个古
28、城，即尼姆和阿尔勒,More,Unit 9,There are three stages of money laundering,* namely and that is to say(i.e.): Both terms can be used when you want to make clearer the meaning of something already said, but namely is the usual term before an expression which is more specific than what has already been said. Be
29、fore an expression which is less specific than what has been said “that is to say” is used. 想把已经提到的事情的意思说得更清楚些时，这两个词语都可以用，但namely 通常用在把已经说过的事情表达得更具体些的词语之前。在一个不如已经说过的事物更具体的词语前用that is to say (i.e.)。e.g. We visited two ancient cities, namely Nimes and Arles. 我们访问了两个古城，即尼姆和阿尔勒。We visited Nimes and Arle
30、s, i.e. two ancient cities. 我们访问了尼姆和阿尔勒两个古城。,More,Unit 9,There are three stages of money laundering,3) placement n. the cat or an example of placing someone or something in position 安置；就业安排 e.g.placement of funds into the financial system 把钱存到金融系统 （在金融系统存钱）The university offers a placement service f
31、or its graduates. 这所大学为毕业生提供就业服务。,Unit 9,The one thing law enforcement officers have on their side ,haveon ones side: to give one an advantage and increasing ones chances of success 对（某人）有利 e.g. The champion is a more experience fighter, but the challenger has got youth on his side.冠军是一名有经验的拳击手，但是这位
32、挑战者有年轻的优势。,Unit 9,As far as placement of funds is concerned, exporting bulk cash,1) as far as 就（而言），至于e.g. Thats all very well as far as it goes. 就目前情况而言，一切很好。 2) bulk cash 大量的现金,Unit 9,In any event, there is . to use as a starting point.,1) in any event: in all events, in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 e.g. I
33、will probably see you tomorrow, but in any event I will phone. 我明天可能来看你，万一我来不了，我会大电话的。In any event, you will find him in comfortable circumstances. 不管怎样，你将发现他境遇舒适。 2) to use as a starting point 着为一个开端,Unit 9,the convention against Illicit Traffic in ,(联合国) 打击非法毒品交易及精神药物公约,the convention against Illi
34、cit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.,Unit 9,The convention came into force on 13 November 1990.,come into force: put into force (法律、协议等) 开始生效，开始实施e.g. Whats the use of a government making new laws if they cant come into force. 如果政府制定的新法律不能实施，那又有什么用？,Unit 9,the General assembly
35、Special Session on Drugs,联合国大会毒品特别会议,the General assembly Special Session on Drugs:,Unit 9,Never before has a globally effectively.,这种全球共同表明打击洗钱活动的决心是前所未有的。,Never before has there been such a globally collective display of will to fight the problem more effectively.,More,Unit 9,Never before has a gl
36、obally effectively.,This is a reversed sentence when it begins with a negative form (word) used as emphasis on meaning of the sentence. 这是一个以否定词开头的倒装句, 用于强句子的意义。 e.g. Not only had he read the book but he remembered what he had read.他不但读过这本书，而且还记得所读的内容。,Unit 9,打击洗钱活动世界金融系统已经成为“洗钱者的乐园”。这是由于全球化的金融市场、货币
37、电子汇兑网络、金融庇护所盛行以及一些国家的银行保密法等因素共同所致。每天七十多万宗转帐业务的金额至少有两万亿美元，就算其中的百分之零点零五到百分之零点一是被洗的黑钱，其价值也有三亿美元。这些钱被分解为一笔笔的小金额，有时一笔不到一万美元，这样就不必向官方报告。所以要发现和阻止这些金额的往来十分困难，简直就是大海捞针。,Unit 9,洗钱分三个步骤，具体说就是在金融系统存款、掩盖资金的来源、使资金合法化。警察的唯一优势在于罪犯们得按金融体系的规矩行事，这样就要冒暴露的危险。存款这一步是整个过程中最冒险的。就存款而言，输出大笔现款是罪犯们向银行存款的惯用手法。他们通常选择不问资金来源的银行，使用面
38、值百元的美钞，有时还用外交手段作掩护。,Unit 9,他们还利用一些国外赌场来转换资金，方法是先把现金换成筹码，在赌桌上玩一会儿后又把筹码换成钱。有些赌场不开支票，而是立即把资金电汇到国外的银行帐户，或者开具银行本票，在资金来源项填入“赌场赢得的钱”，这样就难以受到法律质疑。无论怎样，现在已经有了打击洗钱活动的国际公约，这是个开端。1988年，联合国通过了“打击非法毒品交易及精神药物公约”，并于1990年11月13日开始生效。该公约是一个里程碑，因为它把关于犯罪收益的问题摆上了世界议事日程。,Unit 9,问题是联合国185个成员国中还有40个国家没有签署该公约。联合国官员估计，在签署该公约的
39、国家中，采取了与该公约一致的打击洗钱措施的国家尚不足30个。 然而，更新的消息是，联合国大会毒品专门会议通过了加强打击洗钱活动力度的宣言，各成员国同意在2003年以前进行相关立法。这种全球性共同表明打击洗钱活动的决心是前所未有的。,Unit 9,Resume 简历 简历是求职就业时相当重要的文件，通常附在求职信的后面。简历并没有固定格式，它是用一种列表的形式全面介绍自己，因此要求言简意赅，突出重点。英语简历通常包括： 1、个人资料 (Personal Data or Personal Details/Information) 包括姓名、通信地址、邮政编码、电话号码、性别、出生年月、婚姻状况、健
40、康状况、业余爱好等。 2、工作经历 (Work Experience) 通常包括工作单位、服务时间、职位和业绩等。 3、受教育情况 (Education/Educational Background) 一般从最近受的教育写起，往回写，还应该列举所修课程与成绩，突出同应聘工作有关联的科目。 4、社会实践 (Social Practice) 包括在校内外从事的业余工作、暑假打工和毕业实习等。,More,Unit 9,5、课外活动 (Extracurricular Activities) 包括文体活动 (Recreational Activities)、学术活动 (Academic Activiti
41、es) 等。 6、奖励 (Rewards) 凡是你认为对获得该职位有用的奖励都应列上。 7、技术资格和特别技能 (Technical Qualifications and Special Skills) 列举你所获得学历、学位以外的证书，如大学英语四、六级考试合格证书和高等学校英语应用能力考试A或B级证书等。 8、研究成果 (Scientific Research Achievements) 列举你所发表的论文、著作或其他文章以及你所主持或参与过的研究项目和课题。 9、证明人/推荐人 (References) 一般要求有两个或以上的证明人，便于招聘单位核实你的情况。在许多情况下，还要求证明人出
42、具推荐信。最好选择有一定学术地位或在相关学科或行业有一定影响的人士作为你的推荐人。,EXAMPLE,Unit 9,RESUME Personal Information Given Name: Meigui Surname: Huang Sex: Female Date of birth: July 4, 1973 Postal Address: Mailbox 999500 Binjiang Road EastGuangzhou, 510230P. R. China Tel: 020-3428-5566 Fax: 020-3428-8888 Email: Educational backg
43、round Sept. 1993-July 1996: Diploma, majoring in Criminal Investigation, Guangdong Police college Sept. 1998-July 2000: MA, Police Science, China Police University Working experience Aug. 1997-Aug. 1998: Investigator, Foshan Public Security Bureau,More,Unit 6,Research On the Implementation of the St
44、rategy for Controlling the Juvenile Delinquency, Journal of Political Science and Law, 1997. 4. A Study of Organized Crimes in Guangdong, Research on Public Security, 1998.1. On the Reform of the Control of the Floating Population, Police Forum, 1998.3.,Unit 9,Sample conversation One A: Do you know
45、what crime you have committed? B: No, I dont think I have committed any crime. A: But you have violated our countrys law: you whored with a prostitute. B: I dont think it is a big deal. It wasnt against her will. A: Please tell us specifically about this. B: Last night at about 11:00, as I got off a
46、 taxi and went back to my room, a beautiful girl came up to me and asked me if I would like to enjoy the evening with her. I agreed and led her to my room in the hotel. A: What did you do in your room? B: We watched a videotape.,Handling Whoring and Prostitution,Unit 9,Sample conversation Two A: Wha
47、t was the videotape about? B: It was a love story. A: But we found it is pornographic. What did you do then? B: I had sex with her. A: Did you give her any money? B: Yes, I gave her 500 RMB yuan. A: Do you suffer from any venereal disease? B: Of course not. A: Anyway, you and the girl must go to a s
48、pecific hospital for a venereal disease test. And you are pending disposal.,Sample conversation Three P: What were you doing in the car just now? A: We, we, B: We were having sex. P: Do you know each other? A: No. P: Then how come you were together? B: Well, tonight I went to a barbers to have my ha
49、ir cut. The girl, who washed my hair, asked if I wanted a massage and I agreed. P: What happened then? A: After the massage, he wanted to take me out. P: I see. How much did you pay her? B: 200 kuai. P: You have violated our law. Here is the interrogation record. Please sign it after reading.,Unit 9
50、,Notes 1. whore /h:/: 嫖娼；妓女 2. prostitute /prstitju:t/：卖淫; 娼妓；妓女 3. pornography /p:ngrfi/: 黄色制品；色情物pornorgraphic / p:ngrfik /: 色情的 4. venereal (/viniril/) disease (VD)：性病 Useful expressions and patterns 1. It was not against her will to have sex with her. 2. What is it about? 3. Do you suffer from VD/AIDS？ 4. You must go to the hospital for a venereal disease test. 5. What legal responsibility must I take/bear? 6.The law of our country stipulates that whoring is strictly forbidden. 7. You have obviously violated our law. 8. Im very sorry for what I have done.,
