1、Specialized English for Materials Science and Engineering,Dong-Yun Zhang,Part Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering,Unit 4 Physical and Chemical Properties of Materials,Glossary,density flammability corrosion oxidation condense phase plasma coefficient pliable mercury vacuum paramagnetic
2、 diamagnetic ferromagnetic brass inductance,密度 易燃，可燃性 侵蚀（腐蚀，锈） 氧化，氧化作用，生锈 升华 相，相位，时期，阶段 等离子体 系数 易曲折的，柔软的，柔顺的 汞，水银 真空，空间 顺磁性的，顺磁性体 反磁性的，反磁性体 铁磁的，铁磁体 黄铜 感应系数，自感应,Concepts,Plasma等离子体又叫做电浆，是由部分电子被剥夺后的原子及原子被电离后产生的正负电子组成的离子化气体状物质，它广泛存在于宇宙中，常被视为是除去固、液、气外，物质存在的第四态。,Paramagnetic顺磁性，是指一种材料的磁性状态。有些材料可以受到外部磁场的影
3、响，产生指同相向的磁化向量的特性。这样的物质具有正的磁化率。与顺磁性相反的现象被称为抗磁性（Diamagnetic）。,Translation,An object will float in water if its density is less than the density of water and sink if its density is greater than that of water. Similarly, an object with specific gravity less than one will float and those with a specific
4、gravity greater than one will sink.,一个物体的密度比水小时，它会浮在水上，比水大时，它会下沉。类似地，当一个物体的比重大于一，它就会上浮，比重小于一，它就会下沉。,Translation,Materials that cause the lines of flux to move farther apart, resulting in a decrease in magnetic flux density compared with a vacuum, are called diamagnetic. Materials that concentrate ma
5、gnetic flux by a factor of more than one but less than or equal to ten are called paramagnetic; materials that concentrate the flux by a factor of more than ten are called ferromagnetic.,反磁性体是一类会引起磁力线疏离导致磁通量比真空中低的材料。顺磁性体是会引起磁力线密度成倍增加，倍率系数大于1，小于等于10的材料。铁磁性体是磁力线密度增加倍率超过10的材料。,Translation,Certain ferro
6、magnetic materials, especially powdered or laminated iron, steel, or nickel alloys, have r that can range up to about 1000000. Diamagnetic materials have r less than one, but no known substance has relative permeability much less than one.,一些铁磁性材料，尤其是粉末状或层压状的铁、不锈钢或镍基合金的相对磁导率r可达1000000。反磁性材料的相对磁导率r小于
7、1。已知材料中尚未发现相对磁导率比1小很多的。,Translation,When a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic core is inserted into a coil, the inductance is multiplied by r compared with the inductance of the same coil with an air core.,当线圈内插入一个顺磁性体或铁磁性体芯，其电感是空气芯的相同线圈电感的r倍。,Translation,化学性质是用来描述一种物质是怎样变成另外一种完全不同的物质的性质。,chemical proper
8、ties,相变是一种物理性质，并且物质存在四种相：固相、液相、气相和等离子体。,Phase transformation is a physical property of matter, and matter can exist in four phase: solid, liquid, gas and plasma.,Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely different substance are called chemical properties.,Translation,当温度低于熔点
9、时，聚合物的晶体结构破坏，但其分子仍然连接在分子链上，从而形成一种柔软和柔顺性材料。,melting point crystalline structure,at the temperature below the melting point, polymers start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked in chains, which results in a soft and pliable material.,在工程应用中，渗透率通常用相对值而不是绝对值来表示。,In enginee
10、ring applications, permeability is often expressed in relative, rather than in absolute, terms.,in engineering applications,relative terms,phase transformation temperature thermal conductivity the acceleration of gravity specific gravity the melting point magnetic permeability,相转变温度 热导率 重力加速度 比重 熔点
11、磁导率,Words and Expressions,Explanations,New Words and Expressions,New Words and Expressions,Words and Expressions,relative density thermal conductivity linear coefficient of thermal expansion boiling point glass transition temperature mass per unit of volume magnetic induction nonferrous metal,Explanations,相对密度 热导率 线性热膨胀系数沸点 玻璃转变温度 单位体积质量 磁感应 有色金属,
