1、实用大学英语,Practical College English,Unit Four,Section A Listening and Speaking 学习后元音、摩擦音、音节以及单词重音 掌握 Making a Telephone Call 的相关表达Section B Reading 阅读两篇有关Business and Trade的文章 Section C Trying Your Hand 了解数量词的用法 学习主谓一致,Highlights,Section A Listening and Speaking,A . 后元音/u/ /u/ 摩擦音 /f/ /v/ /h/ /r/ 后元音/u
2、/ /u/ /u/ 的发音要领： 舌后部要抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿龈，双唇要收圆，并略向前突出，但注意不要太突出了，肌肉略放松，牙床大约开三分之一左右，声带要振动。这是一个短元音，发音要短促。 /u/的发音要领： 牙床接近全合，双唇收得很小、很圆，并略微突出，舌后部尽量抬起，舌位抬高，舌肌肉较为紧张，声带要振动。这是一个长元音，长度一定要发够！,Part One Pronunciation,摩擦音 /f/ /v/ /h/ /r/ /f/ /v/ 的发音要领： 软腭上升，阻住鼻腔通道，下嘴唇内边缘要轻触上齿边缘，气流从上齿与下唇间的缝隙中轻轻挤出，齿唇间发生摩擦而形成摩擦音。 /f/是清辅音
3、，声带不振动； /v/是浊辅音，声带振动。 /h/的发音要领： 双唇要微微张开，舌头平放，然后向外呵气，气流自由逸出口腔时，不受阻碍，只是在通过声门时发出轻微的摩擦声。这是一个清辅音，发音时声带不振动。 /r/的发音要领： 把舌尖卷起，停在口腔中央，但不接触口腔任何部位，舌前部下陷略成凹形，舌两侧稍微收拢，双唇略微突出，气流从舌中部自由通过，仅有非常轻微的摩擦。这是浊辅音，发音时声带要振动。,B.音节和单词重音 音节 定义：说话时最小的语音单位叫音节，由元音和辅音构成。 分类： 音节可以分为开音节(open syllable) 和闭音节 (closed syllable)。 A) 开音节由元音
4、+辅音+不发音的字母e 构成 (称为相对开音节) B) 闭音节由辅音+元音+辅音构成，如 bad， hot， cup;或由元音+辅音构成 成音节：音标中，一个辅音字母加上一个/m/、/n/或/l/,构成成音节。 常见的成音节主要有两类: A) 辅音字母加上/l/构成的成音节 B) 辅音字母加上/n/构成的成音节,单词重音 定义: 响亮的音节叫做重读音节，不响亮的音节叫做非重读音节或弱读音节。 分类： A)单音节词 B)双音节词 1)一般第一个音节重读。 2)有 a-，be-，de-，re-，res-，in-，im-，en-，em-，es-，ex-，con-，com-，dis-，mis-，pre
5、-，per-，pro-trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。 3)有de-，in-，re-，con-，pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其他的词性在第二个音节上。 4)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-，ex-，un-，pre-，post-等的词，有两个重音。,C)多音节词 1)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。 2)有一些双音节词，加了前缀或后缀成了多音节，但这些词的重音不变。 3)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics，-ience，-ient，-ify，-ion，-ious，-ity，-ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前
6、一个音节上。 4)词尾有 -ain，-ee，-eer，-ese，-ette 后缀的词，重音在后缀上，而且有一个次重音。,Exercises,. Read the following words aloud and divide them into two groups. Listen to the disk and read the following words with /f/, /v/, /h/, /r/ . . Decide which of the following words contain open syllable, closed syllable or syllabific
7、ation. . Read the following words and pay attention to the word stress., available 可得到的,可利用的 Hang on a moment. 稍等一下。 You are wanted on the phone. 你的电话。 IDD call (International Direct Distance call) 国际长途直拨电话 cut off 通话中断了 We have got a bad connection. 线路不好。 at the moment 当前,目前 call me back 给我回电话 get
8、in 回来,Part Two Imitate and Memorize,Dialogue 1 . Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). . Listen to the dialogue again and fill in the blanks with the information youve heard. . Role Play,Part Three Dialogues,Dialogue 2 . Listen to the dialogue
9、and complete the following statements with the information youve heard. Listen to the dialogue again and answer the following questions.,Part Four Passgages,Passage 1 Now youll hear a passage. Listen to it and complete the following sentences according to the information youve heard with the words a
10、nd phrases provided in the box. Then listen to it again and check your answers.,Passage 2 . Now youll hear a passage, which is followed by four questions. Listen to it and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Then listen to it again and check your answers. . Discuss with your p
11、artners about how to make a telephone call properly, and then make a conversation about making a telephone call.,电话礼仪 接电话的礼仪 及时接听 (answer the phone in time) 记录要点 (record the key points) 礼貌结束 (finish the talk politely) 打电话的礼仪 选择适当时间(choose proper time) 通报姓名身份(tell name and identity) 礼貌结束谈话 (finish th
12、e talk politely),Part Five Manners Bar,Section B Reading,Pre-class Work: Two-minute Presentationread the text by yourself before class try to answer the questions below with the given expressions organize your ideas into a short passage give a two-minute presentation in class Questions: 1.What influ
13、ence you most when you buy a product? 2.Do you care about the style of the product? 3.Do you pay attention to the quality of the product? 4.Will you take the price into consideration? 5.What do you think of the product that is always advertised on TV? And do you usually buy a product with a brand na
14、me,such as “adidas”? Useful Expressions:brand name 品牌,名牌, high-quality 高质量,高品质, high/low price 高/低价格,place advertisements登广告, as far as I am concerned 就我而言, take something into consideration考虑,Text A,Marketing and PromotionBackground Tips 中国出口商品交易会中国出口商品交易会，又称“广交会”，外国人叫Canton Fair（Canton 是广州的旧称）,中国人
15、叫Chinese Export Commodities Fair 或 Guangzhou Trade Fair。中国出口商品交易会创办(establish)于1957年春季，每年春秋两季(分别在4月和10月)在广州举办(hold)，迄今已有五十年历史，是中国目前历史最长、层次最高、规模最大、商品种类最全、到会客商最多和成交(deal)效果最好的综合性(comprehensive)国际贸易(international trade)盛会。,Structure,Para 1A company often does some research before they sell goods in a n
16、ew market because they want to see if they can make money. Para 2There are two ways to promote products. One is to show products at a trade fair, and the other is to place advertisements. Para 3A company promotes its products because they want to tempt the possible customers to buy their products. P
17、ara 4After-sales service influences the sale of the products.,New Words Phrases and Expressions,Notes: 商务术语 trade fair 商品交易会 place advertisements 登广告 spare parts 零件 after-sales service 售后服务,Exercises,Task 1 Trying to Remember It Fill in the blanks without referring to the original text. Then check y
18、our answers. After that, read the passage aloud until you can say it from memory.Task 2 Reading Comprehension. Tell whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text. Explain the following sentences.,Task 3 Vocabulary & Structure . Crossword . Fill in the blanks with t
19、he proper forms of the words given below（Please notice that not every one will be used）. . Fill in the blanks with proper infinitives.Task 4 Translation . Translate the following sentences with the words in the brackets. . Translate the following sentences into Chinese.,Advertising About the Theme成功
20、的广告应该能够在众多的信息中脱颖而出,引起人们的注意和兴趣。并且激发消费者的参与意识,将欲望付诸购买行动,从而实现推动销售的目的。如此,则广告的效应已是很完美了。New Words Phrases and Expressions,Text B,Exercises,. Choose the best answer according to the text you have read. Discuss the following questions with your partners.,Section C Trying Your Hand,限定词（二）：数量词 一、many, muchmany
21、, much 表示“多” 的意思，常用于否定句和疑问句，而a lot of 等则常用于肯定句。另外，many 修饰可数名词，much 修饰不可数名词。 在下列场合many/much也常用于肯定句: 用于whether/if引导的宾语从句中。 用于由“how/too/so/as+many/much (+中心词)” 构成的名词词组中。 用于在句首作主语以及在“存在句”中作真正主语的名词词组中。,Part One Grammar,二、(a) few, (a) little a few和a little表示“少量”，带有肯定意义。 few/little 若不与 a 连用则表示“很少，几乎没有”，带有否
22、定意义, 相当于not many/much, not enough。 注意: quite a few, a good few 和 not a few 不表示 “少”，而是 “相当多”的意思，相当于 a fair number (of)。,Exercise,Choose the best answer from the four choices.,主谓一致 一、语法形式上的一致 单数主语、动词不定式、动名词短语以及主 语从句作主语，谓语动词要用单数；复数主语谓语动词要用复数。 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词要与其后的主语在数上保持一致。 用and连接的并列主语，其谓语动词通常用复数形式。,Part
23、 Two General Writing, 如果主语是单数, 尽管后面跟有as well as, no less than, rather than, together with, but, along with, with, like, besides, except, in addition to,以及“of+名词”等短语，谓语动词仍然用单数形式。主语是复数，则谓语用复数。 复数名词或短语表示时间、价格、数字、度量衡以及国家、单位和书报的名称，且作为一个整体概念出现时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 either, neither, each, one, the other, another,
24、anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, someone, something, somebody, no one, nothing, nobody 等不定代词，只能指单数可数名词。被each或every限定的名词也只能用单数。所以，它们作主语时谓语动词用单数。, 在定语从句中，关系代词who，that, which等作主语时，其谓语动词要与主句中的先行词在数上保持一致。 more than 短语作主语时，后面是one+单数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；后面是复数名词，则谓语用复数形式。many a 后面跟单数名词，谓
25、语动词也用单数，尽管表示复数意义。,二、语言内容上的一致 有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上是单数 有些形式上是复数意义上是单数的词，如glasses(眼镜)，scales(天平)，scissors(剪刀)，trousers(裤子)，clothes(衣服)等表示工具或衣物名称，它们作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果这类名词前用a pair of 修饰时，谓语要用单数。 有些表示总称意义的名词，单数形式表示复数内容，如people（人民），police（警察），public（公众），cattle（牛群），poultry（家禽）等，这类形式上是单数意义上是复数的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。, 集体名词
26、，如family（家庭）,team（队），group（组），government（政府），committee(委员会)等作主语时，谓语动词要根据语言内容而定。如果是作为一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果是就其成员来说，谓语动词用复数。 有些不定代词,all,more,most,some,any,none 等,多半指复数名词,也可以指单数名词。它们作主语时,谓语动词要和所指的名词在数上保持一致。 短语 a number of 和 the number of 作主语时,谓语动词形式不同。前者用复数,后者用单数。,三、谓语动词和紧邻主语的一致 用连词or (或),eitheror (或者或者),neithernor (既不也不),not onlybut also(不但而且) 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。,Exercises,. Try to find the mistakes in the following sentences and correct them (only one mistake in each sentence). Choose the best answer to complete each sentence. Choose the better translation.,Thank You,
