1、Five Types of Simple Sentences简单句的五种类型,十大词类(Parts of Speech) 英语中的词可以根据词义，句法作用和形式特征分为十大词类：名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、数词、感叹词。,需要弄清楚的几个概念：1、及物动词(vt.)：后面带有宾语，意思才能完整。eg. They want some books.He is reading a book. 2、不及物动词(vi.)：本身意义完整，不需跟宾语。 eg. Birds fly.He works in the factory. 3、系动词：系动词本身虽有一定的词义，但不完整，不 能单
2、独作谓语，必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词等)连用,构成谓语。如：be (是), look(看起来像), become (成为,变得)等。eg. They are teachers.He became very interested in science.,句子成分(Elements of the Sentence) 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分，主要有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语等，其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分。,主语:表示句子说的是什么人或什么事, 谓语:说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样 宾语: 表示动作行为的对象 宾语补足语:补充宾语的成分 表语:说明主语
3、的性质或特征,位于系动词之后。 以上的成分称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2-4个基本成分。,句子成分(Elements of the Sentence),定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语 定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city. China is a developing country; America is a developed country. There are thirty women teachers is our school. His rapid progress in English made us surpri
4、sed. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to learn English. Tom is a boy who likes music very much.,（形容词）,（分词）,（名词）,（代词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（介词短语）,（从句）,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子， 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。 通常有副词，
5、介词短语和从句充当 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）,She put the eggs into the basket with great care.方式状语 She came in with a dictionary in her
6、hand.伴随状语 In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.目的状语 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 结果状语 She works very hard though she is old. 让步状语 I am taller than he is. 比较状语,同位语: 对其前面的名词代词做进一步解释.That is Mr. Chen, our English teacher.插入语: 对一句话作一些附加的解释.To be honest, I dont qui
7、te agree with you.,定语，状语，同位语及插入语可以称为 附属句子成分。,句子分类,判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room. 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at s
8、even in the evening.,简单句,复合句,简单句,简单句,5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important. 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both
9、 Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句,Five Types of Simple Sentences简单句的五种句型,简单句的五种基本结构：,1. The sun rises. 2. I dont like basketball. 3. Danny is tired. 4. He shows me a book. 5. I found the old man in good health,主语 + 不及物动词,主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语,主语 + 系动词 + 表语,主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语,主语
10、+ 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,Five Types of Simple Sentences:,1. 主语 + 不及物动词,2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语,3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语,4. 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语,5. 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补,Subject + Intransitive Verb,Subject + Transitive Verb + Object,Subject + Link Verb + Predictive,Subject + Verb + Indirect Obje
11、ct + Direct Object,Subject + Verb + Object + Complement,Five Types of Simple Sentences:,1. 主语 + 不及物动词,2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语,3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语,4. 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语,5. 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补,S + V,S + V + O,S + V + P,S + V + IO + DO,S + V + O+ C,基本句型 一 + （主谓）,此句型中动词是不及物动词,能表达完整意思，没有直接宾语。主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状
12、语 如，The red sun rises in the east.,例如：The water is boiling .S V They have been waiting there for hours .S VThe train will leave soon .S V The flags are waving in the windS V,基本句型 二 + + （主系表）,系动词主要是指be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。 此句型中谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。,系动词有三类： 1.表示特
13、征和存在状态的： be, seem, appear, feel ,look,smell, sound, taste 2. 表状态延续的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand 3. 表状态变化 的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come,grow,He is a good student.S V P She is in the classroom.S V PIt is getting warmer and warmer.S V PThe trees turn green.S V P,基本句型 三 + +（主谓宾）,此句型中的
14、谓语动词是及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才能使意思完整，而宾语成分的多样化使这一结构异常复杂。,He has a sister. S V OThey wanted to have a rest .S V O She carried out her plan .S V O He likes watching TV. S V O,动词不定式做宾语： 常见的动词有： agree, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, wish, manage, offer, plan, refuse, want 等e.g. He managed to escape from the f
15、ire.,常见的只能接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit， allow， avoid， consider， delay， deny， dislike， enjoy， escape, fancy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, practise, risk, stop, suggest 等。e.g. You should avoid mentioning his divorce.,动词短语有：give up, insist on, feel like, look forward to, stick to, be used
16、to, be busy,等e.g. He will keep trying out new ideas so he can help farmers around China. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.,有些动词，后面皆可以接动名词，也可以接不定式做宾语。常见的有 attempt，begin, continue, fear, forget, hate, help, intend, learn, like, love, need, prefer,
17、 regret, remember, start, stop, try, want. 等有些动词后接动名词与不定式，意思会有所不同。,Stop talking,Stop to talk I cant help laughingI cant help to clean the office. Regret telling Regret to tell Forget posting the letter Forget to post the letter Remember sending her an e-mailRemember to send her an e-mail.,基本句型 四 + +
18、IO +（主谓间宾直宾）,此句型中的谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作的间接宾语（多指人）。 若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词to 或for。 He bought me a beautiful skirt. He bought a beautiful skirt for me.,用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有： （需借助 to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, prom
19、ise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等 （需借助for的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing等。,She brought me a shirt .S V IO DO Pass him the dictionary,please.V IO DO I lend him my bicycle.S V IO DO Her mother bought her a skirt.S V IO DO,基本句型 五 + + +（主谓宾宾补）,此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾
20、语外，还需跟一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,注意：用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到 宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。,即 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如， I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,常用于此句型的动词有:think, believe, consider, suppose, find, feel, make,We call him Xiao Liu.S V O C The news made me happy.S V O C He keeps his hand behind his
21、back.S V O C The story made us laugh.S V O C He heard somebody opening the door.S V O C,动词+宾语+不定式（to do） 常见的可用不定式做宾语补足语的动词有： want, ask, wish, allow, forbid, encourage, force, invite, order, persuade, tell, advise 等。 e.g. He want me to be careful.he asked me to marry him.,在感官动词 see, watch, look at, n
22、otice, observe, hear, smell, feel 等动词后不定式做补语，省略to. 在被动句中to 不能省。 e.g. I saw him danceHe was seen to dance. 在使役动词let, have, make 等后面做宾补，不定式省略to .被动句中则不能省略！ e.g. The boss made them work the whole night. They were made to work the whole night.,现在分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, feel, have, get
23、 等动词后做补语。e.g. She could feel her heart beating with fear. I could see old Tom swimming by the boat, showing us the way.,过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, feel, have, make, get 等动词后做补语。e.g. To their surprise, the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war. She fai
24、led to make herself heard above the noise of the traffic.,You are sitting on the train home. There comes the bus ! The egos potential for expansion is limitless.Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships.Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.We think it our duty to study
25、 well.,主+谓（S+V）,主+谓（S+V）,主+系 +表（S+V+P）,主+动 +宾（SVO）,主+动 +间宾 +直宾（SVOiOd）,主+动 +宾 +补（SVOC）,判断下列句子属于何种句式,Exercises :,更正下列句子的错误,Exercises :,1. He came the room. 2. The music sounds. 3. I have seen. 4. He gave a pen me. 5. The boss made the boy to work hard. 6. My father bought a book to me.,1. He came int
26、o the room. 2. The music sounds wonderful. 3. I have seen the film. 4. He gave a pen to me. 5. The boss made the boy work hard. 6. My father bought a book for me .,After-class Exercise,My sister is a nurse.They are drinking.They are drinking tea.The old man walks in the park.She passed him the salt.
27、We keep the table clean.,_S,_ V,_P,_S,_V,_S,_V,_O,_S,_V,_S,_V,_IO,_DO,_S,_V,_O,_C,判断下面的句子是哪种句型,7. They work hard.8. The flower is dead.9. Plants need water.10. He gives me some seeds.11. We should keep the plants in the shade.12. Many animals live in trees.,_S,_V,_S,_ V,_P,_S,_V,_O,_S,_V,_ IO,_DO,_S
28、,_V,_O,_C,_S,_V,The spring is coming. In spring, the weather becomes warmer.I have finished my homework.Show me your books. Keep them warm at night.,S + V,S + V + P,S + V + O,S + V + IO + DO,S + V + O+ C,They work hard. The flower is dead. Plants need water. Your sister dances beautifully They prove
29、d that the earth was round. This food looks inviting. Doing that would be playing with fire.,S + V,S + V + P,S + V + O,主谓,主谓宾,主系表,主谓宾,They kept their marriage a secret. He played dead. She was nicknamed “Little Rabbit”. Show me what you bought. She never doubted that she was right. Good food keeps y
30、ou healthy.,主谓双宾,主谓,主谓宾,主谓双宾,主谓宾,主谓宾宾补,He gives me some seeds. We should keep the plants in the shade.Many animals live in trees.,S + V + IO + DO,S + V + O+ C,S + V,The palaces were large and beautiful. Horse-riding, hammer throw and shooting are some of the more unusual events. A species can become
31、 endangered for different reasons.,主系表,主系表,主系表,Harry seems like a normal boy. It sounded like a woman crying. Tom suddenly felt cold. I will pick up rubbish from the ground. You can plant a tree or build a birdhouse.,主系表,主系表,主系表,主谓宾宾补,主谓宾,Steve also wants us to think about what we do. I will tell my
32、 friends to protect the environment. I advise waiting till the right time. My uncle suggested (me) getting a job in a bank.,主谓宾宾补,主谓宾宾补,主谓宾,主谓双宾,Professor Stevenson explained to the students that the milu deer had been very common in China a long time ago.Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world;,主谓双宾,主谓宾宾补,
