1、English College,Chinese-English Translation Lecture 8 句法翻译 3 chapter 12 长句的翻译,Lecturer：Seo,Part 1,汉语长句结构分析,1. 何为结构复杂？单句复杂：定状补等修饰成分由多个短语构成复句：主谓宾由复杂短语或复句充当 总结，造成长句的原因：(1)修饰语过多(2)并列成分多(3)结构层次多 故，对句子的成分分析很重要！ 主、谓、宾、定、状、表、同位,英语长句结构： 主语+谓语+修饰语并列成分或并列句 短语或从句 英语主谓关系非常明显，其他成分通过各种手段（介词、连词、关系代词、关系副词）同主谓成分挂钩,汉语
2、与英语构句的不同特点,汉语连接词相对少，使用频率也低， 少用介词而多用动词 结构松散，分句间缺乏应有的形式连接 汉语构句注重意义连贯 逻辑顺序，先后及因果,2019-05-30,5,汉译英长句翻译合并法 顺译法 倒置法 插入法 分译法,汉译英长句翻译,进行汉译英长句翻译时，应先通览原文的大意，再弄清原文的句法结构，分析句子各个层次的含义和相互间的逻辑关系，再根据英语表达特点，正确翻译出原文含义。翻译完后，应再次审读译文，检查译文的内容是否详尽、结构是否合理、语言是否地道。常见的汉译英长句翻译技巧有以下几种:,合并法,顺译法,倒置法,插入法,分译法,合并法合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句。英语
3、强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时可采用连词、非谓语动词、定语从句、独立结构等方式把汉语短句连成长句。,中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、湖泊和其他用地。,China is a large country with eighty percent of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests, rivers and places for
4、other uses.,每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。（Tem-8, 2010） Everyone hopes to have his own private space, and if too casual among friends, it is easy to invade this piece of restricted area, which will lead to the conflict, resulting in alienation.,Translation Workshop,近一年时间里，经济复苏停滞不前，有
5、消极言论称股市的低迷正源于此。 Economic recovery has been in a standstill over the past year, which is claimed by some negatives as a source of the weak stock market.,1.近一年时间里，经济复苏停滞不前，有消极言论称股市的低迷正源于此。 2.欧洲各国负债累累，美国国内失业率又高居不下，人们对此忧心不已，焦虑也逐渐演化成压抑不住的惶恐。,European countries are in heavy debt and the domestic unemploym
6、ent stands high in US, causing anxiety which has been gradually turned into an irrepressible panic.,顺译法有些汉语句子的内容结构与英语表达方式比较一致，在翻译时则可按照原文顺序进行翻译。,我们喝茶时，我不停地打量着她，看她那纤纤玉手，典雅的举止，亮晶晶的黑眼睛，清秀而没有表情的面庞。,When we had tea, I could not take my eyes from her small, delicate hands, the graceful way she moved, her b
7、right, black eyes, and expressionless clear face.,Translation Workshop,上海大众汽车公司是一家中德合资企业，去年汽车产量为十万辆，预计今年产量可再增加五万两。,Shanghai Volkswagon, a German-Sino joint venture which turned out 100,000 cars last year, is expected to increase production by 50,000.,倒置法也叫逆序法。有的汉语句子与英语表达习惯不同，甚至完全相反，则翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来
8、。,中国乒乓球大奖赛的最后一天，刘国梁在男子单打比赛中一举夺魁后，干脆利落地夺得大奖赛的4项冠军。,Liu Guoliang completed a clean sweep of four titles after winning the mens singles championship on the final day of the Chinese Table-Tennis Grand Prix.,Translation Workshop,我常常这样想，倘若让每个人在刚成年的时候突然失聪失明几日，可能是一件好事。 I have often thought it would be a ble
9、ssing if everyone were striken blind and deaf for a few days during their early adult life.,1.我常常这样想，倘若让每个人在刚成年的时候突然失聪失明几日，可能是一件好事。 2.因此,如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导,这个问题显得越来越重要了,It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities,
10、 there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.,插入法即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分，用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。,他才三十岁，正处在篮球事业和赚取金钱的鼎盛时期，因此大多数人认为他上周宣布退役为时过早，但是根据他的说法，这一决定完全出于自愿，并非是匆忙之举。,He is thirty and at the height of his performing and earning power, and last weeks announcement
11、 of retirement was premature in most peoples opinions-but it was quite on his willingness, by his own account, not taken hastily.,Translation Workshop,另一种态度, 学习的时候用脑筋想一想,学那些和 我国情况适合的东西, 即吸取对我们有益的经验, 我们需要的是这样一种态度。,The other attitude is to use our heads and learn those things which suit our conditions
12、, that is, to absorb whatever experience is useful to us. That is the attitude we should adopt .,分译,拆句或断句。汉语句内关系不明显，英语通过使用连词明确表现出来。汉语分句可独立成句，因此英译时： 透彻理解原文，体会思路，分析句子内部关系 根据英语表达习惯重新分译,1. 许多人都说他是个笨蛋, 但果真如此吗? Many people say he is an ass. But is that so ?2. 应当承认, 每个民族都有它的长处, 不然它为什么能存在? 为什么能发展? It must b
13、e admitted that every nation has its strong points. If not, how can it survive ? How can it progress ?,中国学生很灵, 一挥而就, 洋教师阅后, 评出了最佳作文一篇, 学生们听后大为不解, 这种文章怎么能被评为“最佳”? His Chinese students, quick at writing, finished the homework at one go and turned it in very soon. He went through the papers and picked
14、the one that he thought the best. When he read it out to the students, they were generally perplexed. Of all the comments, why did he like this one best?,几千年来，形成老者自以为经验丰富而鄙薄少年为处事幼稚，而少年自以为活力充沛而蔑视老者为老朽昏庸。这真是偏颇的见地！ For thousands of years it has been assumed that the aged, thinking themselves experience
15、d and more skillful, look down upon the young for their greenness in worldly affairs, while the young, thinking themselves fresh in life and more energetic, call the aged old fogies. Either of these views, of course, is far from being impartial.,Assignments,1. Complete the relevant exercises of chap
16、ter 12 2. Finish the translation workshop task 3 and prepare your presentation next week. 3. Translate the following on your notebook as the homework to the teacher： 1、一种莫名的疾病严重影响了他的大脑，使他丧失了全部的记忆。 2、聚集在法院外进行抗议的人群并未对这个太平洋岛国的法官和陪审团产生任何影响。 3、一个做了亏心事的人听到每一响声都就如同惊弓之鸟。 4、她温柔的声音和慈祥的笑容使屋子里的每个人都感到轻松自在。 5、只有当
17、你很好地掌握了各种语体之后才能在各种场合恰如其分地用英语进行表达。,1、一种莫名的疾病严重影响了他的大脑，使他丧失了全部的记忆。 2、聚集在法院外进行抗议的人群并未对这个太平洋岛国的法官和陪审团产生任何影响。 3、一个做了亏心事的人听到每一响声都就如同惊弓之鸟。 4、她温柔的声音和慈祥的笑容使屋子里的每个人都感到轻松自在。 5、只有当你很好地掌握了各种语体之后才能在各种场合恰如其分地用英语进行表达。A kind of unknown disease affected her brain so badly that he lost his memories completely.The prot
18、esting crowds outside the court had no effect at all on the judges and the jury of this Pacific island country.A guilty man feels alarmed/alert at every sound.Her soft voice and gracious smile put everyone in the room at ease. Not until you have a good command of a variety of language styles can you
19、 speak English appropriately in different situations.,专八练习,1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。2他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。3他发现前人研究的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。4为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；5为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；6他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。,【翻译讲解】,1. 徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。 周游：到各处游历; 走遍t
20、ravel across (around)；tour；visit 考察：explore; make an on-the-spot investigation; inspect 足迹：footprint;footmark; trace 遍及：spread all over 【译文】During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country.,2. 他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。 他在考察的
21、过程中:in his exploration; in his tours；on his tours 盲目：blindly; in a blind way; without thinking 迷信：superstition; blindly worship/ believe in。 这里“迷信”指接受，accept readily/without thinking 【译文】 He never blindly accepted the conclusions given in books in his exploration.,3. 他发现前人研究的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。 前人：pred
22、ecessor; forefathers; others 前人栽树，后人乘凉：One man sows and another reaps. 记载：record; put down in writing; document; notes 可靠：真实可信 true或准确accurate信得过reliable; trustworthy 【译文】A.He found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors. B.He found that many of the geographic
23、al records by other people before him were inaccurate.,4. 为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉； 为了：in order to, for the sake of, for the purpose of, with the aim of, with a view to 细致的：careful, delicate, detailed 乘车坐船：“乘坐”应使用一个词 by carriage and boat; take the wagon and the boat 翻山越岭：翻越可使用一个词 climb/cr
24、oss mountains and ridges 长途跋涉：long difficult journeys 【译文】 He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but made long difficult journeys by climbing mountains and ridges mostof the time for the sake of a real and careful exploration.,5. 为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景； 弄清：find out; make cl
25、ear 真相：real situation（区别于表面或造假的情况）；the actual state of affairs; fact; truth 真相大白come out in the wash; The truth is out; The facts are clear now. 弄清真相：get a clear picture of 艰险：hardships and dangers；dangerous; treacherous; difficult 人迹罕至：untraversed；unfrequented；seldom visited 奇山秀景：grotesque mountain
26、s and spectacular sceneries; 奇：grotesque, peculiar, strange, unique 秀：fantastic, miraculous, magnificent, spectacular 【译文】 To get a true picture of nature, he picked/chose mountains with treacherous paths and unfrequented jungles for explorations, discovering many grotesque mountains and beautiful sceneries. 6. 他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。 【译文】He would revisit famous mountains at different time and in different seasons to observe the changing magnificent views time and again.,
