1、Chapter 1Language, Linguistics and LexicologyI. Linguistics1. DefinitionLinguistics is the scientific study of language.2. Scientific study methodobservehypothesisclassifytest & conclude3. Features of scientific studyexhaustivenessconsistencyeconomyobjectivityII. Language1. DefinitionLanguage is a s
2、ystem of arbitrary, vocal symbols by means of which the members of a speech community communicate, interact and transmit their culture.2. Functionsinterrogativeexpressiveinformativeevocativedirectiveperformativephatic3. Information transmissionSemantic encodingGrammatical encodingPhonetic & phonolog
3、ical encoding (pitch, loudness, length, quality)SendingTransmission4. Origins of the calendarBabylonianEgyptianGreek(750 BC)Old Roman1) Months750 BCMarch MarsApril Goddess of loveMay Goddess of springJune God of marriageQuintillis FiveSextillis SixSeptember SevenOctober EightNovember NineDecember Te
4、n500 BCJanuary doorFebruary festival46 BCQuintillis July Julius CaesarSextillisAugust Augustus Caesar2) DaysSunday God of Sun (Babylonian)Monday God of Moon (Norse)Tuesday Chief of all gods (Nor.)Wednesday God of commerce (Nor.)Thursday God of Thunder (Nor.)Friday God of Love (Nor.)Saturday God of H
5、arvest (Bab.)III. Lexicology1. Basic terms and definitionsword (OE): talk, speakvocabulary (MLat): all words in a certain realmwords in specific contextlexicon (lexis): words in a special languagelexicology: origins + development + meanings of words2. English Lexicologymorphonological structuresform
6、ationsemantic structure relationsusageslexicography3. A poemSpring, the sweetest spring, is the years pleasant KingThen blooms each thing, then the maids dance in a ringCold doth not sting, the pretty birds do singKoo-koo, juck-juck, puwe, to-witta-wooThe palm and may make country houses gayLambs frisk and play, the shepherds pipe all dayAnd we hear aye birds tune this merry layKoo-koo, juck-juck, puwe, to-witta-wooThe fields breeze sweet, the daisies kiss our feetYoung lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sitIn every street, these tunes our ears do greetKoo-koo, juck-juck, puwe, to-witta-woo
