1、英语词类,句子成份,句子类型,句子种类,巩固练习,Part of Speech 英语词类 广东专插本考试网 http:/,1 名词：nouns(n.) 表示人或者事物的名称。e.g. student book2 动词：verbs(v.) 表示动作或状态，通常做谓语。e.g. read know3 形容词：adjectives (adj.)表人或事物的特征，修饰名词或代词。 e.g. big, dangerous4 副词：adverbs(adv./ad.) 表示动作的特征或者性状特征，修饰动词或形容词。 e.g. carefully, very,5 数词：numerals(num.)表数目或顺序
2、。可以分为序数词和基数词。基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词one first two secondthree third four fourthfive fifth six sixthseven seventh eight eighthnine ninth ten tenthtwelve twelfth twenty twentiethtwenty-one twenty-first ninety ninetiethone hundred one hundredth,6 代词：（pronouns (pron.) 代替名词，数词等。e.g. they, many注意代词的主格和宾格形式主格 宾格 所
3、有格 所有格 （做主语） （做宾语） （adj.） （n.）I me my minewe us our ouryou you your yourshe him his hisshe her her hersit it its itsthey them their theirs,7 冠词:articles(art.) 用在名词前帮助说明其意义。e.g. a,an 表示不定指; the 表示定指8 介词：prepositions(prep.) 用在代词，名词等前面，说明它与别的词之间的关系。e.g. for from on9 连词：conjunctions(conj.) 用在连接词与词或者句与句。
4、e.g. and if but10 感叹词：interjections(interj.) 表示说话时的感情或口气。e.g. oh ah,I left the delicious meat on the table and the dog has eaten it quickly.,句子成分 （Basic Sentence Elements）,句子成分: 组成一个句子的各个功能不同的部分句子成分有:主、谓、宾、定、状、补、同位语等e.g. The child cried. I love you.I am a student.,1. 主语(subject):句子的主体,谓语陈述的对象.主语可由名、
5、代、数、不定式、动名词、从句等充当.She is writing a letter. The palace flowers put forth their blossoms in silent neglect.Whether she will support Clinton in the scandal is still a question .2. 谓语(predicate)：说明主语所做的动作或状态。谓语主要由动词担当.如:The birds have flown away from every hill.A fisherman angled silently in the river c
6、overed with snow.,3. 表语(predicative):位于连系动词后面，表示主语的性质、特征和身份等，主要由名、代、形容、不定式、动名词、分词、从句等充当.如：She is a beautiful girl The hospital is small.4. 宾语（object):表示动作的承受者，宾语可以由名、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当。在某些句子中一些及物动词可以带两个宾语；这两个宾语一般有一个是表示物的名词或代词（称为直接宾语）；另一个是表示人的名词或代词（称为间接宾语）。 如：She showed me the photo.,5.定语(attribute ):
7、用于修辞名、代词。主要由名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、从句等充当。 如：Her house is very smallEveryone in the hospital works hard6.状语（adverbial):用于修辞动词、形容词、其他状语或全句。它常由副词、不定式、分词、从句等。 如：She goes to school very early.He left for Beijing the day before yesterday.7. 补语（complement):用于补充说明主语或宾语的意义或特征，因此有了主语补语和宾语补语之分。补语常由名词、形容词、不定式、分词等充当。
8、 如：Their walls were painted pink.She told her husband to meet her at the stationHis words make me comfortable,8.同位语（appositive): 用于对前面的名词或代词作进一步说明的，通常说明其身份、称呼等，也可以对一个抽象名词作具体说明，表明其内容。同位语可由名词代词、数词 、不定式、动名词、从句等充当。 如：Their task, planting 500 trees, was finished in time.This is my brother Boris Yeltsin.9
9、.独立成分：独立成分与句中的其它成分没什么联系，常用逗号与其它部分分开。独立成分有插入语（ parenthesis)、呼语(vocative)、感叹语(exclamation)等。 如：To tell you the truth, I dont like the film at all.Sit down, Mary.Alas, our national football team failed again.,基本句型 (Basic Sentence Patterns)1. SV(S: subject, V: verb) (主语+谓语), 主谓句型The students have left.H
10、e runs quickly2. SVP (P: predicative) (主语+系动词+表语), 主系表句型She is a kind person.He can keep calm in any situation.3. SVO(O: object) (主语+动词+宾语), 主谓宾句型I love you. A “password hacker” knows how to search for someone elses password.,4. SVOO (主语+动词+直接宾语+间接宾语),主谓宾宾句型。He gave me a book.He gave a book to me.5.
11、 SVOC (主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语 C:complement),主谓宾补句型。The students keep their classroom tidy and clean.You cant persuade him to give up his stupid idea.,SV, SVP, SVO, SVOO, SVOCHe walks slowly. I consider Henry my closest friend Mr. Li taught me how to plant trees Yesterday was my fathers birthday. Now we all s
12、tudy English seriously I have my watch mended. Have you told them anything about the matter?,SV (主谓),SVOC (主谓宾补),SVOO (主谓宾宾),SVP (主系表),SVOC (主谓宾补),SVOC (主谓宾补),SVOO (主谓宾宾),句子种类,按照说话的目的，可以分为四类：1）陈述句She may be right.2) 疑问句Where are you from?3) 祈使句Give me the book, please.4) 感叹句What a nice view from the
13、 window!How silly you are!,陈述句,肯定陈述句,否定陈述句,I am a student. I am not a student.,疑问句,1.一般疑问句 (Yes-no Question),2.特殊疑问句 (Wh- Question),3.选择疑问句 (Alternative Question),4.反义疑问句 (Tag Question),一般疑问句Vs特殊疑问句,1.一般疑问句(是非问句,用yes,no回答) Is there anything wrong with your watch? Has my watch been mended yet? Would
14、you like a cup of coffee? Havent you finished your homework yet? -Yes,I have. / No, I have not. Isnt it a beautiful lake? Isnt your sister a clever girl?,还可以表示对美好事物的感叹,2.特殊疑问句(wh-问句),通常以who,whose,what,which,where,when,why, how等词开头正常语序:Who phoned last night?Whose lighter fell on the floor?What happen
15、ed last night?倒状语序:Who(m) are you talking with?What does your brother do?Where is he living?When did he leave?,3.选择疑问句,1)以一般疑问句为基础 Are you going to elect Henry or Richard? Shall I give you a hand,or can you manage? Would you rather wait or come late?2)以特殊疑问句为基础 Which do you like better,tea or coffee
16、? How shall we go there?By bus or by train?,4. 反意疑问句 That clock is slow, isnt it? 反意疑问句要注意的几点： 1）有否定词的句子，反意问句要用肯定。 John has never been on time, ? has John B. hasnt John C. has he D. hasnt heFew of them know that secret, do they?He seldom does morning exercise, does he?No, never, no one, none, nothin
17、g, few, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, neither.,2) 祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分通常用will you.Give me some advice, will (wont) you? 用will you 可以使祈使句的语气变的缓和，更象一种请求。 用wont you 常用来提醒某人 E.g. Go home now, wont you? 否定句中只能用will youDont spit in public places, will you?3) lets 和 let usLets go swimming, shall we?Let us go
18、 swimming, will you?,4)当主语是 everyone,everybody,someone, no one,nobody,somebody 等结合词时,附加问句的主语用he 或they.Nobody wants to go there,does he?None of the boys can do it,can he?No one is interested in this, are they?,5)当主语是 everything, something, anything,nothing 等表示物的不定代词时,附加问句的主语用iteg. Nothing in the worl
19、d is easy, is it?6)陈述部分是 Im 结构的话,附加疑问句一般用arent I Im late, arent I ?,7) 陈述句的动词是表示愿望的wish时，后面的疑问部分用 mayeg. I wish to go to the party, may I ?8) 如果陈述句是一个主从复合句，那么疑问部分的谓语应该和主句的谓语动词保持一致；（注意：如果主句是I think, I hope, I suppose, I believe 时， 疑问部分的谓语应和从句保持一致）Its the third time he has been late, isnt it ?I dont t
20、hink you are a student, are you?,1. They should have finished it already, ?A. didnt they B. should not they C. shouldnt they D. havent they 2. Im very keen on sports, ? A. dont I B. didnt I C. am not I D.arent I 3. Everyone hopes to get promoted, ?A. does he B. doesnt he C. dont they D. wont they 4.
21、 No one is interested in that, _? Everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, nobody, no one,5. Youd like (rather) some coffee, ?A. hadnt you B. would you C. wouldnt you D. had you,c,D,B,is he,C,祈使句,感叹句,Please sit down.No smoking. Look out! There is a bus. Dont be nervous!,What a beautiful girl she is ! How beautiful she is !Wonderful !,
