1、名词(Nouns) 一般来说在高考,会考中名词主要考查: 1可数名词复数构成的规则及不规则变化。 2可数名词和不可数名词的判断与用法。 3名词的所有格。4名词作定语和名词构成的习语及用法等。 5名词的词义辨析。,Grammar revision:,专有名词(Proper Nouns)指人名、地名或某类人或事物的名称,如Beijing,China等。,普通名词 (Common Nouns),个体名词(Individual Nouns),物质名词(Material Nouns),抽象名词(Abstract Nouns),不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns),可数名词(Countable
2、 Nouns),集体名词(Collective Nouns),一、名词的数:名词有可数和不可数之分,1可数名词复数的规则变化,( 1 )一般情况:,词尾加-s,(2),bus, box, watch, brush,以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词:词尾加-es,(3),baby, city, country,以辅音字母+y结尾的名词:词尾变y为i,再加-es,以元音字母+y结尾的名词:词尾直接加-s,boy, monkey,(buses, boxes, watches, brushes),(babies, cities, countries),(boys, monkeys),(4)以o结
3、尾的名词变为复数时,常在词尾加s,但是下列名词要加es,它们是:黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿,即:negroes,heroes,potatoes, tomatoes 。,(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数时,一般直接加s,特殊词要把f或fe改为v加-es,它们是: (为了活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶躲在架子后) 即:life-lives,thief-thieves,wife-wives,knife-knives,leaf-leaves,shelf-shelves,2、可数名词复数的不规则变化,2.可数名词复数的不规则变化:,(1)单复数形式相同: a sheep- two sheep,
4、 a deer- two deer, fish, series(系列), means (方法),species(种类 )(fish表示种类时可以加es),(2)口诀:男人女人 a 变 e,鹅足牙 oo 变 ee man-men, woman-women, goose-geese, foot-feet, tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,(3)词尾加-ren/en变复数: child-children ox-oxen公牛,(4)形式为复数,但用作单数名词 news, physics, politics,(5)表示某国人: 中日永不变: a Chinese-two Chinese, a
5、 Japanese-three Japanese英法同盟man改men: Englishman- Englishmen, Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen其余都把s添: American-Americans, German-Germans,(6)合成名词的复数形式:,.在主体名词后面加-spasserby passersby过路人soninlaw sonsinlaw女婿,. 没有主体名词时,在最后一词词尾加-sgrown-up grown-ups,. 由man和woman构成的复合名词,把里面的名词全变为复数:woman doctor women doctors,(7)只用复数形
6、式的名词: trousers(裤子), glasses(眼镜), shoes,clothes, goods (货物,商品) ,,Exercise: _ are made of_.A glass, a glassGlasses, glassThe glass, the glassGlasses, glasses,2.不可数名词:不能和a, an连用,高考常考的不可数名词主要有: advice建议, information信息, progress进步, weather天气, bread面包, fun乐趣, news消息, clothing衣服, knowledge知识, equipment设备 f
7、urniture家具, baggage行李, luggage行李,不可数名词表示 “量“”时: e.g. a piece of furniture 一件家具a piece of information 一则信息a piece of advice一个建议,抽象名词具体化: 表示某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的抽象名词,是不可数名词;如果表示具体的人或事,这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。difficulty困难;a difficulty一件难事 experience经验;an experience一次经历 knowledge知识;a good knowledge对精通/熟知 failure失败;a
8、failure一个失败者,一件失败的事 success成功;a success一位成功者,一件成功的事 surprise惊奇;a surprise一件令人吃惊的事 honour荣誉;an honour一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事,Exercise:1. We have every reason to believe that _2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be_ success.A/;a Bthe;/Cthe;a Da;a,二、名词所有格,名词的所有格 :表示所属关系,即表示某物是“谁的”。名词所有格常见的结构有两种: s 所有格 ,多表示有生命的东西;介词o
9、f+名词,多表示无生命的东西,1、 s 所有格 单数名词和不以 s 结尾的复数名词一般在词尾加“ s”,以 s 结尾的复数名词在词尾只加“ ”。如: Kates cat 凯特的猫, Childrens Day 儿 童节, the girls books 女孩们的书,比较: 1. The lady over there is_.A. Jane and Mary mother B. Jane and Marys motherC. Janes and Marys mother D. Janes and Mary mother 2. _ desks are in the same room.A. Jo
10、nes and SusansB. Jone and SusansC. Jones and SusanD. Jone and Susan,注 意 .如果一样东西为几个人所共有,则只在最后一个名词上加“ s ”如: Lucy and Lilys father is a teacher 露茜和莉莉的爸爸是名教师。 如果所指事物不是两人共有,而是各自所有,则应在每一个名词后加“ s ”。如: Lucys and Marys mothers are teachers 露茜的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈都是医生。,2.表示“某人家”, “店铺”等的所有格时,一般省略它所修饰的名词。 My uncles 我叔叔家 th
11、e doctors 诊所 the Smiths史密斯家,三、名词作定语: 某些名词作定语可以修饰后面的名词,表示地点,材料,功能,用途等。名词作定语通常用单数形式。 e.g: city life(城市生活), street lights(街灯), book stores(书店), coffee cups(咖啡杯),数词+名词作定语时的表达: a three-year study/three years study a seven-day trip/seven days trip,1.The_ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A.
12、bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles shop 2.The little girl asked her mother to buy her a nice pair of_, so her mother went to some _stores. A. shoes; shoes B. shoes; shoe C. shoe; shoes D. shoe;shoe,3.It took us quiet a long time to get there. It was _ journey.three- hour B. a three hour C. a three- hour D. three hours,