1、非谓语动词,在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。 1）不定式 时态语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 2）动名词 时态语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 3）分词 时态语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 否定形式： not +
2、不定式，not/no + 动名词， not + 现在分词,动词不定式,1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart.,动词不定式,2）作表语： Her job is to clean the ha
3、ll. He appears to have caught a cold.,5）作定语： 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系： 动宾关系： I have a meeting to attend. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如： He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. 如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词： He has no place to live. This is the best
4、 way to work out this problem. 说明所修饰名词的内容： We have made a plan to finish the work. 序数词和最高级后用不定式做定语： He is the first to get here.,动词不定式,做状语 表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 表结果： He arrived late to find the train gone. 常用only放在不定式前表示强调： I visited
5、 him only to find him out. 表原因： They were very sad to hear the news. 表程度： Its too dark for us to see anything. The question is simple for him to answer.,非谓语动词做题四步分析,一、分析句子结构,1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .,2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .,A. Having been told B.
6、 Told C. He was told D. Though he had been told,C,_,A,4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office .,5. _to the left , and youll find the post office .,A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned,3. _to the left , youll find the post office .,A,_,C,C,二、分析逻辑主语,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主
7、语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语,1. _no buses , we have to walk home,2. _Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home .,There being B. It were C. There were D. It being,_,A,D,_,三、分析语态,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,1. _from space , the earth looks blue .,2._from space , we can
8、 see the earth is blue .,Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See,_,A,_,B,3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .,4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .,was washed B. washed C.were washed D.having washed,_,B,_,D,四、分析时态,1. The building _now will be a restaurant .,2. The build
9、ing _ next year will be a restaurant .,3. The building _last year is a restaurant.,A. having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built,_,C,_,B,_,D,1. He stood there_for his mother .,2. _for two hours , he went away .,waiting B. to wait C. waited D.Having waited,A,D,巩固练习:,1. _wont be of much he
10、lp .,A .Toms going B. Tom going C. Tom to go D. Tom goes,A,2. They managed _the meeting room before the guests arrived.,A. finishing to clean B. finishing cleaning C. to finish cleaning D. to finish to clean,C,3. We must find a room big enough _.,for all of us to live B. for all of us to live in C.
11、to live in all of us D. of all of us to live,B,4. _a teacher , I should set a good example to students.,Being B. Having been C. To be D. As I being,A,5. _a teacher ,one must first be their pupil .,A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. To have been,A,6. It was stupid _ your advice.,for me not to take B
12、. for me not taking C. of me not to take D. of me not taking,C,Its no use / good + doing sth., 不用to do sth.,辨别：Its no use to tell him about that. (wrong)Its no use telling him about that. （right),动词不定式作宾语补足语,2使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。 Lets have a rest. 我们休
13、息一会吧。I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）,注 意,动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）,1有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：remember to do 记住要做某事；remember doing 记得曾经做过某事forget to do忘记要做某事
14、forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.离开时请记得关好灯。,动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组,1 stop to do stop doing 2 forget to do forget doing 3 remember to do
15、remember doing 4 regret to do(要做) regret doing(已做) 5 cease to do cease doing 6 try to do try doing 7 go on to do go on doing 8 afraid to do不敢 afraid of doing 生怕 9 mean to do mean doing,4 regret doing/to do regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做) regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 (已做) I regret to have to do this, but I ha
16、ve no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。I dont regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。 典型例题 -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的
17、事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的,7.be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为“怕”； be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为“生怕，恐怕”。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her husband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。 Sh
18、e was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。,9. mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 赠加工资意味着增加购买力。,英语中有些及物动词后只能跟不定式作宾语：,want, hope, wish, expect, plan, demand, dare, need,
19、 offer, prepare, afford, manage, know, learn, agree, decide, determine,只能跟不定式作宾语,promise, refuse, fail, attempt, beg, care, choose, claim, consent, decline, long, learn, seek, tend, threaten, undertake, volunteer, apply, fear, swear,只能用动名词的动词,admit 承认 ； excuse 原谅 ； postpone 拖延 ；anticipate 期望； fancy
20、想象practise 练习； appreciate 欣赏； finish 完成； prevent 防止； avoid 避免；forbid 禁止； propose 建议； consider 考虑； forgive 宽恕； recollect 回忆；understand 理解； escape 逃避；permit 允许,只能用动名词的动词,delay 耽搁； imagine 想象； resent 厌恶； deny 否认； involve 涉及；resist 抵制； detest 厌恶； keep 保留； risk 冒险； dislike 讨厌； mind 在意； save 挽救； dread 害怕；
21、 miss 错过； suggest 建议； enjoy 喜欢； pardon 原谅；,非谓语动词综合练习,1. Saying always has less difficulty than _. A. done B. doing C. to do D. having done 2. Although swimming is his favorite sport, yet he doesnt like _ today. A. to swim B. swimming C. swim D. to have swim 3. She said she was sorry _ the train, so
22、she had to stay here for another day. A. missing B. having missed C. to miss D. to have missed 4. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 5. Youd better not have the lights _ all day long. A. burning B. burned C. to burn D
23、. being burnt,6. It is _ thinking about it now. A. of no use B. not use C. no use D. not of any uses 7. -Would you like to sing a song for us? -_. A. I prefer not B. I prefer not to C. I prefer to not D. I wouldnt prefer 8. During the next ten years, she had to work hard _ for the necklace. A. payin
24、g B. to pay C. for paying D. in order to paying 9. Janet was angry at _. A. my not waiting for her B. I didnt wait for her C. me not wait for her D. me to not wait for her 10. Please get someone _ the washing machine. I want to get it _as soon as possible. A. to repair；to be repaired B. repair；repai
25、red C. to repair；repairing D. to repair；repaired,11. _ more time, he could have done the work much better. A. To be given B. To give C. Given D. Giving 12. Jessie was sick _ such noise. A. of hearing B. to hear C. of being heard D. heard 13. _, he left the room. A. Finishing the work B. Had finished
26、 the work C. After finished the work D. Having finished the work 14. The machine requires _, so the workers are required _ ready. A. repair；to get B. repairing；to get C. repairing；getting D. to be repaired；getting 15. Would you like Helen _ you since you have some difficulty? A. helping B. to help C
27、. has helped D. help,16. He is beginning _ his mistakes. A. correct B. to correct C. correcting D. corrected 17. My wish is _ the people well in the future. A. to serve for B. to serve C. serving D. serving for 18. The poor boy, _ with extraordinary strength, _ from the ground. A. filled；rose B. fil
28、ling；rose C. full；raised D. filled；risen 19. He advised _ a meeting _ the problem. A. holding；to discuss B. holding；for discussing C. to hold；to discuss D. hold；discussing 20. _ the teacher, and he will tell you the answer. A. Asking B. Ask C. If ask D. If you ask,21. He was made _ working because o
29、f his poor health. A. stopping B. to stop C. stopped D. stop 22. Do you consider it any good _ again? A. to try B. try C. trying D. for you to try 23. I regret _ you that we are unable to offer you a job. A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to informing 24. She admitted _ the key. A. bei
30、ng taking B. to take C. having taken D. to have taken 25. Besides _, she is kind and tender. A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful,26. I wondered whether the movie was _ worth _. A. very；seeing B. well；being seen C. very；being seen D. well；seeing 27. The lecturer began by
31、_ us where the island was, and went on _ about its history. A. telling；talking B. to tell；to talk C. telling；to talk D. he told；talking 28. Having finished the work, _. A. it was almost six oclock B. a postman came and delivered the evening paper and some letters C. supper had already been prepared
32、D. we had a rest and then had supper 29. On a _ morning the little match girl was found _ at the corner of the street. A. freezing；freezing B. freezing；frozen C. frozen；frozen D. frozen；freezing 30. They found a _ old man _ on the ground when the door was broken open. A. dying；lying B. dying；lied C.
33、 dead；lied D. dead；lain,31. Who could have imagined such a sweet-tempered girl as Jane _ such a thing! A. doing B. to do C. will do D. does 32. Did you hear the sound like that of a door _? A. burst B. to burst in C. burst in D. to be burst in 33. I was deep in thought, so I didnt notice _. A. him t
34、o come in B. him come in C. he come in D. him coming in 34. The wallet was returned to him without anything _. A. missed B. to be missed C. missing D. to miss 35. _ her mother had come, her face lit up. A. Hearing B. Having heard C. When heard D. When she heard,36. _ in white, she looks much more be
35、autiful. A. Wearing B. Dressing C. Dressed D. Having dressed 37. _, the boy couldnt enter his house. A. Since the key had lost B. The key being lost C. Lost the key D. Having lost the key 38. The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic. A. having been B. to have been C. to be D. bei
36、ng 39. I am too glad _ you. A. to see B. seeing C. saw D. at seeing 40. There is _ what the weather will be like. A. not knowing B. no knowing C. not know D. no known,动词时态专项复习,所谓动词时态,是指谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间和状态.注意：学习时态关键关注时间状语动作发生的时间有过去, 现在和将来; 动作发生的状态有一般性,进行性和完成性.由此构成英语中16种不同时态,如上表所示: 基本时态5种(红色所示)掌握时态的用法,
37、 应从以下几点入手: )谓语构成 )时间状语 )一般用法 )特殊用法 ) 相关时态的区别,.一般现在时,基本用法： 一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作, 存在的状态或习惯性的动作. 时间状语: usually, often, sometimes, every morning, always, regularly ,now and then ,occasionally, seldom, on Sundays, at present ,nowadays, these days, at the moment 一般用法: 1.经常性或习惯性的动作 I go to work on foot every
38、 day.We always help each other.2.现在的特征，状态 及能力 He loves sports. The coat fits you well.3. 普遍真理, 格言警句 Light travels faster than sound. Practice makes perfect.,特殊用法 1.某些表示动作起止的动词, 可用一般现在时表示一个按计划, 规定, 安排要发生的事.如begin, be, come, go , leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, stop, open, take off, close, fa
39、ll, meet, stay, take place, happen 等 Eg. Tomorrow is Monday. When does the plane take off?2.在时间状语从句, 条件状语从句或让步状语从句中, 用一般现在时代替一般将来时 If it rains tomorrow, well put off the sports meeting.I need one more stamp before my collection is completed.Even if he doesnt come this Sunday, Ill go fishing by mysel
40、f.,3.特殊句型Here/There comes our teacher.(一般现在时表正在发生的动作)It is +时间段+since.It is /has been five years since I moved here.,.现在进行时:,表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作.时间状语:now ,at the moment, these days, nowadays ,at present 一般用法:1. 说话时正发生或正进行的动作 Im giving a lecture.2. 现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作 Im reading a novel these days. (
41、 but I am not reading it now.)特殊用法: 1.表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作, 限于表 示来去, 开始, 结束, 离开， 到达等瞬间意义的动词,特殊用法1：Were leaving on Friday.Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I am taking my mom 2.在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来正在进行的动作Dont mention this when you are talking with him . If she is sleeping , dont wake her up.
42、3.现在进行时与always, continually,constantly, all the time等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作,含有某种感情色彩, 如赞扬, 遗憾, 讨厌,不满等.He is always coming late. (不满) Youre always thinking of others.(赞扬) How are you feeling today? (比How do you feel today?更为亲切),一般将来时,基本用法 ：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某段时间内经常的动作与状态. 时间状语:tomorrow, next week, from now
43、on, in the future, in +时间段 一般用法:1.将来的动作或状态 I shall go shopping this afternoon./ He will be back in a week. 2.将来经常发生的动作 In a few years time, most people will go to work by car,特殊用法,.一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作. eg. Oil will float on water./Crops will die without water.Whenever he has time, he will come and
44、see me . 其否定式表示“不能 没法”The machine wont work.(机器没法开动)This play wont act. (戏剧没法上演) be going to do ,be to do , will /shall do 的区别 前两者都可表示按计划, 安排做某事.be to do 还可表命令,意愿或征求对方意见. Will/shall do则侧重临时的打算. Are we to go on with the work?= Shall we ? If you are to be there on time, (意愿) -you have left the light o
45、n .-Oh, sorry. Ill go and turn it off.(被告知前无打算,.一般过去时,一般用法:(表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态.(包括习惯性动作)时间状语:yesterday, last week, ago, later, in 1980I had supper at 6:30. I wasnt at home last night.My father often took me to visit my grandpa when he was alive.特殊用法: 1.在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中过去将来的动作He said he
46、would come if he was not busy.2. 有些情况发生的时间不很清楚(无明确时间状语), 但实际是过去发生的.I was glad to get your letter.What did you say? What was the final score?,.现在完成时,表示动作在过去已经完成, 但对现在仍有影响.时间状语:already, yet, before, just, ever, lately, recently, often, sometimes, never, once, twice , for , since基本用法1. 不带时间状语的现在完成时表示说话之前动作已经完成, 而后果和影响至今存在. I have seen the film many times. The city has taken on a new look. 2.到现在为止这一时期中发生的情况(可能是多次动作的总和, 也可表示状态和习惯性的动作) How many pages have covered today? She has done a lot of work for us. He has been ill for a week.,
