1、Conversion of Part of Speech,翻译中的词性转换,转换词性是翻译中最为常用的一种变通手段，是突破原文词法，句法格局，化阻滞为通达的重要方法。离开必要的词性转换，势必会导致生硬拗口，甚至晦涩难懂的译文。 词性转换的原则：不违背原文的意思，有助于译文的通顺流畅。孙致礼新编英汉翻译教程,翻译中的词性转换,从理论上说，翻译中的词性转换是没有限制的，各种词性之间可以互相转换，不一而足。从英汉互译实践上看，词性转换有一定的规律：英译汉中， 英语名词和介词转换成动词的现象较多,英语名词与汉语动词相互转译,哪些名词？： 由动词派生的或具有动作意义的名词可转译为汉语中对应的动词英语中由
2、动词衍生而来的名词构词一般规律：,英语名词与汉语动词相互转译,动词+er/or： waiter, worker, designer, attacker, player, singer, driver, robber, kidnapper动词+(t)ion : action, organization, attraction, description, attention, invention动词+ment: development, arrangement, treatment，improvement 名词和动词同形的情况：use, look, walk,英语名词与汉语动词相互转译,Examp
3、les: His insistence on his innocence arouses some reporters attention.他坚持说自己无罪，这引起了一些记者的注意。 She flared up at the sight of her husband walking with another woman. 她一看见自己的丈夫和另一个女人走在一起就勃然大怒。His use of free-market remedies transformed Argentina into a model of economic reform for the region.他运用自由经济手段挽救经
4、济，把阿根廷变成了该地区经济改革榜样。Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭被用于探索宇宙。,英语名词与汉语动词相互转译,Examples: 一提到钱，那陌生人就全神贯注起来。 At the mention of money, the stranger became attentive. 绝对不允许违反这个原则。 No violation of this principle can be tolerated. 必须坚持一个中国的原则。 Adherence to the One-China Pr
5、inciple is a must. 实施西部大开发的战略将给全国人民带来实惠。 Implementation of the strategy for the development of the western region will benefit the whole nation. 注：汉译英中并不是所有情况都需要把名词转换成动词 在正式文件中多用名词，但是名词容易造成句子结构复杂 难懂不够简洁，UN English is unEnglish 近年来的简明英语运动越发倾向于多使用动 词，少使用名词，比如：,英语名词与汉语动词相互转译,简明英语运动 Joseph M. Williams S
6、tyle toward clarity and grace 欧洲委员会翻译写作手册 fight the fog Put the reader first Use verbs, not nouns Concrete, not abstract Active, not passive Name the agent Keep it short and simple,英语名词与汉语动词相互转译,The police conducted an investigation into the matter. The police investigated the matter.There was consi
7、derable erosion of the land from the floods. The floods considerably eroded the land.,英语名词与汉语动词相互转译,英语中一些动词在汉语中很难找到对应的概念，需要转化成汉语的动词(这个动词根据语境而定，不唯一）。 This store features round-the-clock service. 24小时服务是这间商店的特色。 feature Longman ： feature v I and T to include or show something as a special or important
8、 part of something, or to be included as an important part. Collins: When something such as a film or exhibition features a particular person or thing, they are an important part of it. If someone or something features in something such as a show, exhibition, or magazine, they are an important part
9、of it.,英语形容词与汉语动词相互转译,哪些形容词？ 一般用作表语的形容词属动态形容词，常常表示知觉，情欲，愿望等心理状态，往往可以同表示知觉，情感等心理活动的汉语动词相互转译。 EG. He was jealous of his friends reputation. 他妒忌朋友的名望。 Im very grateful for the help you have given me. 我非常感激您给予的帮助 She is content to stay at home 她甘愿留在家里。,英语形容词与汉语副词相互转译,如果英语句子中的名词转换为汉语句子中的动词 那么原文中修饰名词的英语形容
10、词就往往转换为 汉语译句中的副词。 EG: We are conducting a careful study of these matters. 我们正在仔细地研究这些问题He took a rapid glance at me. 他飞快地看了我一眼 The policemen are making a comprehensive investigation of this case 警察正在全面地调查这桩案子,英语介词与汉语动词相互转译,英语有大量介词和介词词组，极大丰富了英语的 表达法，汉语则多用动词，少用介词，英汉互译 中，英语介词常常需要和汉语动词相互转译。 EG. She was
11、surprised at what he said. 她听到他的话后感到很惊讶 I don not like to be interrupted when I am about an important piece of work. 我在做一件重要工作时，从不喜欢有人打扰。,英语介词与汉语动词相互转译,第一个发言人赞成这个计划。 The first speaker is for the plan. 我将坐十点半的火车去。 I will go by the 10:30 train. 中国反对霸权主义和强权政治。 China is against hegemony and power politi
12、cs.,英语副词与汉语动词相互转译,主语+系动词+副词+其他成分 这种结构的英语句子中副词可以转换成汉语译文的动词，原文的系动词省略不译。有些汉语句子也可以翻译为上述结构的英语句子。一些英语动词之后的副词也可以译成汉语译句中的动词,英语副词与汉语动词相互转译,EG. Spring is in at last. 春天终于来到了The Democratic party was then in. 当时是民主党执政。The battle was on when the commander was dismissed. 指挥员被撤职时，战斗还在进行中。 The milk boiled over. 牛奶煮
13、溢了。 电视机还开着，她就睡着了。 She dozed off while the TV was on.矿工罢工已经取消了。 The miners strike is off.,英语名词与汉语形容词相互转译,He is a great success in his career. 他事业非常成功。 It is of great importance to master two or more foreign languages nowadays. 如今掌握两门以上外语非常重要。be +of+抽象名词（significance, value) To our great surprise, the
14、 train was early for once. 让我们十分惊讶的是，这趟火车竟然第一次提前到达。 To our disappointment, dismay,四六级考试翻译新题型,题型：原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字;六级长度为180-200个汉字。 分值：权重由5%上升到15% (106.5/710)时间：增长到30分钟 （30/130),四六级考试翻译新题型,评分细则： 要求考生把整篇英语文章全部翻译为汉语，意思正确得半分，语法正确得1分，单词翻译错误名次三处扣1分，形容词1处扣1分，其余2处扣1分，逻辑错
15、误不影响其他句子含义的本句扣半分，影响其他句子含义的扣1分到1分半，翻译内容包含文章无关意思的每处扣3分。扣完为止。 本题改革前难度系数0.89，改革后难度系数0.95,剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。,Paper cutting is one of C
16、hinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper
17、cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used In paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign frien
18、ds.,中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日,在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival),即从农历(lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异,但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚,一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运,家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets),对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。,Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese h
19、oliday. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Years Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year
20、 vary widely from place to place. However, New Years Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorate
21、d with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.,应对策略,意思正确得半分，语法正确得1分，单词翻译错误名次三处扣1分，形容词1处扣1分，其余2处扣1分。 词汇和语法是基础 逻辑错误不影响其他句子含义的本句扣半分，影响其他句子含义的扣1分到1分半。 审题，遣词造句是关键 翻译内容包含文章无关意思的每处扣3分。 千万别乱写！,备考建议,词汇：正确背单词，注重掌握语境和用法 语法 ：理清大纲中的语法点，巩固自身薄弱环节。章振帮 新编英语语法教程 模拟仿真练习：一定要动笔，卡时间，仔细核对研读答案，吸收学习。 相关内容阅读积累：锦上添花 China Daily, Beijing Review (expats eye), 中英对照中国文化读本。,
