1、虚拟语气 The Subjunctive Mood,如果我有一千万，我就能买一栋房子我有一千万吗？没有。所以我仍然没有房子。 如果我有翅膀，我就能飞我有翅膀吗？没有。所以我也没有办法飞 如果把整个太平洋的水倒出也浇不息我对你爱情的火整个太平洋的水倒得出吗？不能所以我并不爱你,英语的动词一般有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。,祈使语气（The Imperative Mood）用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。,虚拟语气（the
2、 Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，是与客观事实相反的主观设想。,If I were you, I would not leave her alone.,I got up early this morning.,Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,陈述语气,虚拟语气,祈使语气,判断：以下句子使用何种语气,if引导的非真实条件句,条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句,真实条件句使用陈述语气，表示假设的情况有可能发生,非真实条件句使用虚拟语气，表示
3、假设的情况不可能发生, 或者可能性很小,If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.,If it rains tomorrow, well stay at home.,非真实条件句,真实条件句,判断：以下句子是真实条件句还是非真实条件句,虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用,had done,did/were,1. did,would/should/could/might have done,would/should/could/might do,2. were to do,3. should do,If I were you, I would
4、 try it again.,1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。,2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。,If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.,If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam.,如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。,If he came/ were to come/ should come here tomorrow, I would tell him.,如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.,1. If you _tomorrow, you _ find t
5、he new manager working in the office.,should come; would would come; would C. will come; should D. comes; might,.- If he _, he _that food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospitalimmediately.,A. was warned; would not have taken B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D.
6、 would have been warned; had not taken,. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going .,A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented,1) If you _ (be) in my place, you would do the same thing. 2) If I had learned English well,
7、 I _ (be) able to talk with native speakers. 3) If you _ (visit) our school tomorrow, you would see how beautiful it is.,4、用括号里的动词的正确形式填空,were,would have been,visited/should visit/were to visit,非真实条件句中的特殊句型,在非真实条件句中，如果含有助动词were, had, should, 可将if 省略，并将were, had, should放在主语前，构成倒装句式。,特殊句型,Were I you,
8、I would try it again.,2. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,1. If I were you, I would try it again.,3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,EXERCISE,在非真实条件句中，有时条件
9、句的动作和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，这时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整，这叫混合虚拟条件句或错综时间条件句,特殊句型,If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。,（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）,混合虚拟语气/错综虚拟语气,1）If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.,2）He would pass the test if he ha
10、d taken my advice.,3) If we had driven in turns yesterday, you would feel better now.,1. If he _ that operation two years ago, he _ in better health now. A. had, is B. had had, would be C. had, were D. had had, would have been 2. If I _ you, I _ to her birthday party last night. A. am, will go B. wa
11、s, would go C. were, would go D. were, would have gone,有时假设的情况并不是以条件句的形式表示，而是通过一些介词短语或上下文等方式表现出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句，其作用与非真实条件句一样，并且可以转换为非真实条件句,or, otherwise, with, without, but for, under等词经常出现在含蓄虚拟条件句中,特殊句型,But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier.,(=If it had not been for the storm, I would h
12、ave arrived),Without the storm I would have arrived much earlier.,(= If I had not been too busy，I would have attended the meeting.),She came here yesterday, otherwise /or I would not have met her.,(=If she had not come , I would not have met her. ),I would have attended the meeting, but I have been
13、too busy.,用括号里的动词的正确形式填空 1. I _ (come) to your party, but I didnt have time. 2. Without electricity, human life _ (be) different today.,would have come,would be,虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用,宾语从句中的虚拟语气,1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示 与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓 语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as h
14、ealthy as you. I wish that I had a plane. 2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had done I wish I had been to the concert last night. I wish you had written to him. 3)与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+do I wish he would forgive me.,Exercises:,1. “ Have you visited the Science Museum?”“ No, but I really wish I
15、_.”,A. had B. did C. have D. will,2. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.,A. was B. were C. had been D. went,3. Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _me how.,A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach,2. would rather that,现在： 过去： 将来：,
16、过去时,过去完成时,过去时,1. I would rather you _ (pay) me now.,2. I would rather you _ (not tell) her the news.,3. I would rather you _ (come) tomorrow.,paid,hadnt told,came,3.表示要求、命令、建议的从句中,谓语通常用“（should）+V原形” 常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求,1). insist,2). order, command,3). advise, suggest, propose,4). demand,
17、require, request, desire,1）insist作“坚决（主张），坚决（要求）”解时，表示一个主张或一种看法，后接的宾语从句采用虚拟语气；作“坚持（说）”，表示一个事实，后接的从句采用陈述语气。,Mike insisted that he _ never _ (steal) anything. Mike insisted that he _ (leave) for London now.,注意：,had,stolen,should leave,2）suggest作“表明，暗示”用陈述语气；作“建议”时才用虚拟语气。,His pale face suggested that h
18、e _ (be) ill. He suggested that we _ (finish) it before dark.,was,(should) finish,考题点击：,1.I went to bed early last night,but I wish I so. A. didnt do B. hadnt done C. havent done D. couldnt do 2.How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will had D. had had 3. T
19、he teacher ordered that students_. A. mustnt smoke B. not smoke C. smoked D. had smoked 4.The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. finish C. should finish D. be finished,B,B,B,D,主语从句中的虚拟语气,基本句型： 1. It be+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+,过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, propose
20、d,It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.,2. It be+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+ 形容词:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, strange, surprising,It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now. Its important that
21、 we (should) take good care of the patient.,3. It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that+ (should)+动词原形+,考题点击： Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take 2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told 3.It was or
22、dered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed,D,B,B,1. It is important that we (master) a foreign language. 2. It is a pity that you (be) so careless. 3. Its necessary that we (study) hard.,( should ) master,should be,should study,表语从句、同位语从句中的
23、虚拟语气,在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice , decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中 要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。,My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.,1)表语从句:,2)同位语从句:,I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,考题点击： His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.A. try
24、B. tries C. must try D. can try 2.He gave an advice that they _ each other.A. helped B. must help C. help D. had helped 3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me. A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent,A,C,A,状语从句中的虚拟语气,1、用在由as if,as though引导的状语从句中，表示 和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表
25、示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示 将来用would + 动词原形。 It seems as if the man were his brother. This device operated as though it had been repaired. 2.用在lest, for fear that和in case引导的状语 从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形 或动词原形。 She closed the windows lest she catch cold.,1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look
26、s as if it _.,A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,2. The actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _ a young man.,A. is B. will be C. am D. were,3. The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _rain.,A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would,We felt as if
27、 we _ each other for years. A.knew B.were knowing C.had known D.have knowing 2. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _. A. may explore B. exploded C. explode D. had explode,C,C,虚拟语气 其他用语,1. If only,1. If only I _ (know) his name now! 2. If only we _ (follow) your advice last time! 3. If onl
28、y I _ (see) him again next year!,knew,had followed,could see,现在:,过去时（were）,过去:,过去完成时,将来:,would/could/might +V.,(1) 要是就好了 = I wish,(2) = as long as 常用陈述语气.,We can surely overcome these difficulties if only we are closely united. 如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜一切困难.,2. If it were not for If it had not been for ,If it
29、were not for the leadership of the Party, we could not live a happy life.,If it had not been for the heavy rain, we could have climbed the mountain yesterday.,要不是因为,3. Its (about/high) time +that -,过去时,should +V.,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed.,Its time that we should go to bed.,=Its time for
30、 us to go to bed.,考题点击： It is time that you _ the whole book. A.must go over B.can go over C.went over D.have gone over,C,4.用 “may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首,May you be happy! 祝你快乐！,May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就,May the friendship last forever!May you succeed!May the plan work!,1. I _ (help) you wit
31、h your work if I _ (be) free now, but Im too busy. 2. If we _ (leave) twenty minutes earlier yesterday, we _ (catch) the first train. 3. If she _ (come) here tomorrow, she _ (tell) me that. We know she will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 4. If I _ (see) him tomorrow, I will give it to him.,用括号里的动词的正确形式填空,
32、would help,were,had left,would have caught,came/were to come/should come,might tell,see,5. I wish I _ (see) you now. 6. I wish I _ (have) a room of my own when I was a boy. 7. I suggested that he _ (go) there at once. 8. He insisted he _ (send) to the city. 9. His expression suggested that he _ (pas
33、s) the test. 10. She insisted that she _ (not take) it.,had had,(should) go,(should) be sent,had passed,hadnt taken,saw,11. The idea that we _ (go) to Beijing by air came true. 12. It is necessary that they _ (finish) their work next Monday. 13. It is important that they _ (do) it in another way. 14
34、. It is time that I _ (go) to bed. 15. If only I _ (take) his advice before.,(should) go,should finish,should do,went,had taken,16. If only I _ (be) a bird. 17. If it _ (be) not for the rain, the crops should (would) die. 18. He looks as if he _ (be) an artist. 19. She speaks English so fluently as
35、if she _ (study) English in England. 20. Id rather she _ ( not visit) him yesterday,were,were,were,had studied,hadnt visited,1.If I had had enough time, I_ my work. A.would finish B.must have finishedC.would have finished D.had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane. A.will catch B.would c
36、atch C.would have caught D.will have caught 3.Mr Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week. A.write B.writen C.would write D.will write 4.Had he studied hard, he_ the exam. A.would pass B.could pass C.had passed D.would have passed,C,C,A,D,5.I wish I _ what is happening there
37、 in his room. A.know B.known C.knew D.should know 6.It is important that you _ sports every day. A.have B.would have C.must have D.will have 7.If there were no water in the world, everything _. A.will die B.would die C.would have died D.would have been dead 8. _ what was going to happen ,I would nev
38、er have left her alone. A.Had I known B.If I know C.If I knew D.If had I known,C,A,B,A,9.He ordered that the work _ right away. A.should finish B.finished C.would be finished D.be finished 10.Shall we go to the movie tonight? No, Id rather _ at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the bab
39、ysitter at night.A.you stayed B.you stay C.stayed D.stay 11. _ in your position, I would help him. A.Was I B.Were I C.If I am D.If I had been 12.I _, but I was stopped by the heavy rain. A.mean to come B.meant to come C.had meant to come D.meant coming,D,A,B,C,13.Mrs Black insists_ in that old hotel
40、. A.not to stay B.not staying C.staying not D.that she not stay 14.If you had spoken clearly, you would_. A.understand it B.have understood C.be understood D.have been understood 15.If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A.havent watched B.hadnt watchedC.didnt watch D.wouldnt
41、 have watched 16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he _ a Chinese. A.is B.be C.should be D.were,D,D,B,D,17.If he _, he_ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned; would not takeB.would be warned; had not takenC.had been warned;would not have takenD.would have been warned; had not taken,C,Thank you,
