1、Unit1 School Life,Grammar Usage-Attributive Clause(定语从句),Harry Potter,He is a boy with glasses.,He is a boy who is brave and wearing glasses.,He is a brave boy.,Attributive 定语 (to modify a noun 修饰名词),Adjective,Prepositional phrase,Attributive clause,Harry Potter is a brave boy . He is wearing glasse
2、s.,who,Spider Man,Spider man is a hero.,Spider man saves peoples lives.,Spider man is a hero. He saves peoples lives.,who,+,=,Attributive clause定语从句,Who are you?,Who are you?,Who are you?,Who are you?,One day, Spider man met Harry Potter. He asked Harry a lot of questions.,I am a magician(魔法师).,A ma
3、gician can entertain(取悦) people by doing magic tricks.,+,=,I am a magician. I can entertain people by doing magic tricks.,who,What is in your hand?,What is in your hand?,What is in your hand?,What is in your hand?,One day, Spider man met Harry Potter. He asked Harry a lot of questions.,I am holding
4、a magic wand.,A magic wand can help me perform tricks.,+,=,I am holding a magic wand. It can help me perform tricks.,which/ that,Where do you live?,Where do you live?,Where do you live?,Where do you live?,One day, Spider man met Harry Potter. He asked Harry a lot of questions.,I live in Hogwarts Sch
5、ool (霍格沃兹魔法学校).,In Hogwarts School I study magic tricks and learn to be a skillful magician.,+,=,I live in Hogwarts School . In it I study magic tricks and learn to be a skillful magician.,where,When were you born?,When were you born?,When were you born?,One day, Spider man met Harry Potter. He aske
6、d Harry a lot of questions.,When were you born?,It was July 31st 1980.,On July 31st 1980, I came to this world as a new life.,+,=,It was July 31st1980. On this day I came to this world as a new life.,when,A magician is a person who entertains people with magic tricks.2. A magic wand is a rod(棍子) tha
7、t / which can help magicians perform tricks. 3. Hogwarts School is a place where students can study magic and learn to be a good person.4. 31st July 1980 was the day when Harry Potter was born.,antecedent 先行词,relative pronoun 关系代词,relative adverb关系副词,antecedent 先行词,1. 定义：,又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用
8、。,2. 先行词：,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。,3. 关系代词关系副词：,引导定语从句的词。,关系代词,关系副词,which, that, who, whom, whose等,where, why, when,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定 语和表语,在定语从句中作状语,Relative pronouns,Relative adverbs,Attributive clauses,Now, read the points and examples on Page 8, and think about: Nouns can be modified by _, _, and _. Pay atten
9、tionto their different positions. 2. Read Point 2, and find out what is the function of the words in blue in each sentence?,Attributive clauses,Read the article on P9 and underline the attributive clauses in it.,课本练习,Paragraph 1： 1.David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had. The ant
10、ecedent:The relative pronoun: Function: 2.In 2004, he went to Oxford University where he became interested in Chinese culture. The antecedent: The relative adverb: Function:,one of the most helpful students,that,as the object in the clause,Oxford University,as the adverbial(状语) in the clause,where,P
11、aragraph 2: 3.Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing.,4.Most of the students whom he taught have become his friends.,(The antecedent: some of the cities the relative pronoun: which, used as the object in the clause),(The antecedent: most of the stud
12、ents the relative pronoun: whom, used as the object in the clause),Paragraph 3： 5.Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students.,(The antecedent: giftsthe relative pronoun: that, used as the object in the clause),6.The paintings that David donated to the school are b
13、eing shown in the exhibition room.,(The antecedent: the paintings the relative pronoun: that, used as the object in the clause),关系代词的用法 Usage of relative pronouns,人；物,物,人,人,(人/物)的,主语,宾语,主语,宾语,主语,宾语,宾语,定语,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,可省,不可省,which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 1) Football is a game which is liked by
14、most boys. 2) He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 3) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4) The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.,2. that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this mo
15、rning? 2) The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind. 3) The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 4) Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia.,3. who指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）The boys who are playing football are from Class One. A person who steals things is call
16、ed a thief. 4. whom指人，作宾语 (作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.,5. whose 在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。 1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 2) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. = The
17、classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 3) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?,I like the baby who/that/whose,gnaw (咬, 啃) his fingers,grovel (趴) on the ground,Which baby do you like best?,Which is your favorite monkey?
18、,Complete the following article (Page 11) about high schools in the USA using who, whom, which or whose.,课本练习,There are several differences between high schools in the USA and high schools in China. For one thing, students _ study in the USA are in class only about twenty hours per week. The rest of
19、 the time _ they spend at school is used for independent study. With so much free time, students _ do not make good use of their time may not pass their exams. Students _ the teachers fail may,who,which,who,whom/who,have to take the classes again. For another thing, many courses are classes _the stu
20、dents can study just for fun, but _they do not have to take. Finally, students can often choose their classes and class times. Some courses are required, but the students can still decide the teacher _ class they wish to take. They can choose to take the class of a teacher _ they like or respect.,wh
21、ich,which,whose,whom/who,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。,(1) 限制性定语从句中先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, little, some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可)Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.,(2
22、) There be 句型中用that。 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. (3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。 This is the first book (that) he has read. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing.,(4) 先行词是who或which引导的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke
23、 the window will be punished? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?,(5) 当先行词既有人又有物。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. (6) 先行词被all, every, n
24、o, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。 Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.,Time for reflection,Think about the function of attributive clauses. 2. Tell the usage of that, which, who, whom, and whose. 3. Tell the diff
25、erences between “that” and “which”.,I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. (2010全国) A. who B. that C. as D. what,Quiz I: Multiple choice.,1.,2.,Is this book _ you want to borrow from the library?that B. which C. the one D. /,Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a
26、 day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. A. who; 不填 B. who; 不填 C. who; who D. 不填; 不填,3.,4. He was the one _ I met at the schoollibrary.A. which B. whoseC. where D. that,5. The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. (2010陕西)A. where B. which C. its D.
27、 whose,6. Children who are not active or _ dietis high in fat will gain weight quickly.(2010北京)A. what B. whose C. which D. that,7. Ive become good friends with severalof the students in my school _ I metin the English speech last year. (2010湖南) A. who B. whereC. when D. which,8. Thats the new machi
28、ne _ parts aretoo small to be seen. (2010山东) A. that B. which C. whose D. what,Quiz II: Translation.,1. 昨天我看的那部电影非常令人感动。2. 他丢失了他父亲给他的那块手表。3. 刚才跟你讲话的那个人是我们的校长。,The film that I saw yesterday is very moving.,He lost the watch that/which his father gave him.,The man who talked with you just now is our p
29、rincipal.,4. 我捡到的那本书是小王丢失的。5. 我们最需要的东西是时间。6. 我最喜欢的学科是英语。,The book which/that I picked up is the one that Xiao Wang lost.,The thing that we need badly is time.,The subject that/which I like best is English.,7. 站在学校门口的那个人是我们的老师。8. 你知道那个马尾辫 (ponytail) 长长的女孩吗？我永远忘不了那位教授上星期给我们 做的讲座。,The man who is standi
30、ng at the school gate is our teacher.,Do you know the girl whose ponytail is long?,I will never forget the lecture that the professor gave us last week.,10. 我丢了那本红封面的书。I lost the book _. 11. 你能告诉我你们上星期参观的工厂的名字吗？Can you tell me the name of the factory _? 12. 他就是我正在找的人。He is the man _.,whose cover is
31、red,(which/that) you visited last week,(who/whom/that),I am looking for,13. 我昨天收到的信是我姑妈寄来的。The letter _ _ was from my aunt. 14. 在接下来的年月里，他们拼命工作。During the years _, they worked very hard. 15. 那个名叫彼得的男孩是我们的班长。The boy _ is our monitor.,(which/that) I received,that followed,whose name is Peter/,who is named Peter,yesterday,Preview,To preview Task on Page 12 about reporting school activities: Skills building 1: understanding a programme Skills building 2: comparing information Skills building 3: writing a notice,Review the grammar.Do the exercise B on Page 11.,Homework,Thank you!,
