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第二部分 第九讲 情态动词.ppt

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1、1.can 和could的用法。 (1)表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。 How could you do such a silly thing? 你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢? (2)cannot.too/enough表示“无论也不过分; 越越好”。 You cant be too careful while driving. 开车时越小心越好。,2may和might的用法。 (1)may和might表示“许可”,“可能性”,“祝愿”等意义。 在给予别人许可时,常用can,但有时也用may。一般不用might。 May I play basketball this afternoon? 今天下午

2、我可以打篮球吗? No,you may not.不,不行。,“may/might as well动词原形”意为“最好,倒不如”。 For environmental reasons,we may as well take these waste products and have them recycled. 因为环境原因,我们最好把这些废弃产品收起来并回收利用。,(2)may作“可以”讲时,其疑问句的否定回答常用 “mustnt/cant”表示“禁止”;must作“必须”讲时,其疑问句的否定回答用“neednt”,表示“不必”。 May I use your car?我可以用你的车吗? No

3、,you mustnt.不,不可以。(委婉的拒绝可用:Sorry,but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等) Must I work out the problem tonight? 我今晚必须解决这个问题吗? No,you neednt.不,你不必。,3must的用法。 (1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。 “You mustnt smoke in the bedroom,”Rose said to her husband and pushed him out of the room. Rose对她的丈夫说:“你决不能在卧室里吸烟”,并把他推出了卧室。,(2

4、)表示“偏执”,“固执”。 Could I have a word with you,Mum?(浙江高考) 妈妈,我能和你谈谈吗? Oh dear,if you must. 好吧,亲爱的,如果你偏要谈的话。 Must you make so much noise? 你非得弄出这么大的声吗?,4shall的用法。 (1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方 的意见和向对方请示。 Shall we begin our class?我们可以开始上课吗? Shall the driver wait outside?司机在外边等着可以吗?,(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的

5、命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 I promised he shall get a present for his birthday. 我许诺给他一件生日礼物。 You shall not get my support if you do such a thing. 假如你做那种事,我就不支持你。,5will和would的用法。 作情态动词的will,would与作助动词的will,would的各种形式相同。 (1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么,如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于过去的情况。 John promised his doctor he would not smoke,and he has

6、 never smoked ever since.(北京高考),约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了,自从那时起他就再也不吸烟了。 I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen. 我已再三告诉他戒烟,但是他就是不听。,(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“总要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨,他总是沿着小河散步。 (3)would 可以表示过去的习惯性动作,比used to正式,但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

7、Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class.去年我们的英语老师常常课后给我们讲英语故事。,1(2010全国卷)Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon. Acant Bneednt Cmay not Dwill not,解析:考查情态动词辨析。句意:耐心点儿。你不能指望世界立刻发生变化。cant表示“不能”;neednt“不必”;may not表示“不可以”;will not表示“不会”。只有A符

8、合句意。,答案: A,2(2010江苏高考)I havent got the reference book yet,but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday. Acould Bshall Cmust Dmay,解析:考查情态动词。此处shall用于第二人称表示说话人的许诺。,答案: B,3(2010陕西高考)May I take this book out of the reading room? No,you _. You read it in here. Amight

9、nt Bwont Cneednt Dmustnt,解析:此题考查情态动词。句意:“我可以把书拿出阅览室吗?”“不,决不可以,你在这儿读。”对“May.?”的否定回答常用mustnt或cant。,答案: D,表示对目前或将来情况的推测往往用“情态动词动词原形”这种结构。 1can用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测,意为“有时 会”;用于疑问句中可以表示推测,意为“可能”,有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,cant 意为“不可能”,语气很强烈。,It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it can be rather cold

10、sometimes.(福建高考) 我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和,但有时候也会相当冷。 Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting? 布什先生做什么事情都很准时,他怎么可能开会迟到呢? He cant be in the classroom,for the light has been turned off. 他一定不在教室里,因为灯已关了。,2may用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测,意为“可能”; 用于否定句中也可以表示推测,may not意为“可能不”,表示一种不太确定的语气。ma

11、y在疑问句中一般不表示推测。 Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they may just be quiet people.(2009安徽高考) 言语不多的人未必就是害羞。他们或许就是安静的人。,3must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定 ”,表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。 He must be ill.He looks so pale. 他准是病了,他的脸色苍白。 Its the office!So you must know eating is not allo

12、wed here.(2009湖南高考) 这是办公室!所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。 Oh,sorry.噢,对不起。,4should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”,即含有“按道理 来说应当如此”的意思。 There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. 因为你在驾校训练了那么多,通过路考应该没什么困难。,5表示对现在正在发生的事情进行推测要用“情态动词 be现在分词”这种结构。 My mother must be wat

13、ering the flowers in the garden now. 现在我母亲一定正在花园里浇花。 The students may be climbing the mountain at the moment.此刻学生们有可能正在爬山。,1(2010北京高考)Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah,good morning. You _ be Mrs. Peters. Amight Bmust Cwould Dcan,解析:此题考查情态动词。第一句说明和史密

14、斯女士有约定,所以秘书判断一定是。must在此表示推测,意为“一定”,符合语境。,答案: B,2(2011合肥第二次教学检测)It _ be really cold in November in Hefei though we usually have warm and sunny days. Ashould Bwill Cmust Dcan,解析:考查情态动词。can可表示常有的行为和情况,意为“有时会,时而可能”。句意:尽管合肥十一月的时候常常很暖和,但有时候可能会很冷。根据句意选D项。,答案: D,3(2011陕西宝鸡检测二)Why hasnt Jack come back yet?_a

15、nything have happened to him? Im not sure,but I guess something _. AMay;must have BCan;may have CMust;may DShould;might have,解析:考查情态动词。在一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中表推测时常用can或could,推测发生过的事情时情态动词后要接完成式,选B。,答案: B,表示对过去发生的情况或存在的状态的推测、责怪、后悔、遗憾等常用“情态动词have过去分词”这种结构。 1can/could have done表示“本来可以做,而实际上未做 ”或者“过去可能”,疑问或否定形式表示

16、对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定,其中cant have done多用于语气强烈的否定,意为“不可能做过”。,She cant have left school,for her bike is still here.(天津高考) 她一定没离开学校,因为她的自行车还在这儿。 The accident could have been avoided. 这场事故本来是可以避免的。,2may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测,意为“ 可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱,语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。 Sorry,Im late.

17、I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 对不起,我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。,3must have done表示对过去行为的推测,意为“一定, 想必”,语气十分肯定。 He must have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.他一定是已经完成工作了,否则他不会在海边玩得那么高兴了。,4should have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上 却没有做;should

18、nt have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。 Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now. 我现在觉得肚子疼,我刚才真不应该吃那么多的炸鸡的。,5ought to have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上 却没有做;ought not to have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法与should相同,也往往含有责备的意味。 You ought to have come to the

19、party yesterday,but why didnt you come? 昨天你本来应该参加聚会的,可是你为什么不来?,6neednt have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。 Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you. Catherine,我已替你打扫了房间。 Thanks.You neednt have done it.I could manage it myself.谢谢。你本来不必做,我自己可以做的。,1(2010山东高考)I _ have watched that movieitll give me horrible dre

20、ams. Ashouldnt Bneednt Ccouldnt Dmustnt,解析:考查情态动词。句意:我本不应该看那部电影它会令我做噩梦。shouldnt have done sth.本不该做某事却做了。neednt have done sth.本不需要做某事却做了。couldnt have done sth.不可能做过某事。,答案: A,2(2010天津高考)Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early. Aneednt Bwouldnt Cmustnt Dcouldnt,解析:

21、本题考查情态动词。从句子语境可知,Mark做了本没必要做的事,应用neednt have done,故选A项。其他几个选项都不能表达此意。,答案: A,3(2010上海高考)Sorry,Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. Oh,you _ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. Amust Bmustnt Cshould Dshouldnt,解析:考查情态动词。句意:“对不起,史密斯教授,昨天我没有完成作业。”“你本应该完成的,因为昨天是最后的期限。”四个选项中B项不能

22、与have done连用,故排除;must have done意为“肯定做了”,表推测,说明说话人对所推测的事情把握较大;should have done 本应该做(实际上没做);shouldnt have done本不应该做(实际上做了)。由语境可知C项正确。,答案: C,4(2010浙江高考)“You _ have a wrong number,” she said,“Theres no one of that name here.” Aneed Bcan Cmust Dwould,解析:考查情态动词。从“Theres no one of that name here”可知“你一定弄错号码

23、了”。此处表示肯定的推测,故用must。,答案: C,5(2010湖南高考)You _ buy a gift,but you can if you want to. Amust Bmustnt Chave to Ddont have to,解析:考查情态动词。根据but后面的叙述可知D项正确。dont have to 意为“不必”,符合语境。,答案: D,1(2010安徽高考)Jack described his father,who _ a brave boy many years ago,as a strongwilled man. Awould be Bwould have been C

24、must be Dmust have been,解析:由句子语境可知,此处是对过去事实的推测,所以用must have done。,答案: D,2(2011长沙一模)“The interest _ be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides,”declared the judge. Amay Bshould Cmust Dshall,解析:句意:律师宣布,根据双方达成的协议,利息应该被分成了五个部分。shall在此表示协议、法律、规定等要求中的义务,故选D。,答案: D,3(2011皖南八校联

25、考)Could I use your computer while you are out? Of course you _. Acould Bshould Cmust Dcan,解析:句意:“你不在时我能用一下你的电脑吗?”“当然可以。”以could开头的问句征求对方意见时,回答用can表示许可。,答案: D,4(2011东北三校第一次联考)Its hard to believe that Jack _ have fought with the policeman. Yes.If one _ ask for trouble,it cant be helped. Awould;will Bmu

26、st;may Cshould;must Dneed;dare,解析:考查情态动词。句意:“难以置信,杰克竟然与警察打了一架。”“是的。如果一个人非要找麻烦,那就实在没法子了。”句中should表示“竟然”,must表示“硬要,非要”。,答案: C,5(2011福建龙岩检测)“Attention,please.Whoever can answer one of my questions _ receive a prize,”the teacher said in class. Amight Bshall Cshould Dwould,解析:考查情态动词。shall用于第二和第三人称时,可以表示警

27、告、命令、允诺、威胁等语气;might表示可能性很小;should表示“应该(义务性)”;would 表示意志(意愿性)。由此我们不难判断这里选B项表示允诺。,答案: B,6(2011南通二模)Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel? No,it _ take you long.Its not the rush hour now. Ashouldnt Bshant Cmustnt Dneednt,解析:考查情态动词。根据答句的后一分句可知所填词意思是:不应该,选A。,答案: A,7(2011海淀第二学期期末)I had thought

28、 he would be nervous in this speech competition,but he turned out to be calm. He _ quite enough preparation for it. Ashould do Bmust do Cshould have done Dmust have done,解析:考查情态动词。所填部分表示对过去发生的动作进行肯定性猜测,有事实依据,所以可能性最大,故用情态动词must,选D。,答案: D,8(2011潍坊质量监测)Her English composition is much too perfect.She _

29、it herself,I bet. Amight have written Bcant have written Ccant write Dmust have written,解析:考查情态动词。句意:她的英语作文太完美了,我打赌一定不是她写的。因为write是过去的动作,表示对过去事情的否定推测用canthave done。故选B项。,答案: B,9(2011安徽皖南八校联考)When shall we meet your cousin at the station? His plane took off 2 hours ago,and it _ reach at 5 pm Ashould

30、Bcould Cmust Dcan,解析:考查情态动词的用法。should的意思是“应该会,可能”,在这里表示对将来的推测。,答案: A,10(2011江西师大附中、临川一中联考)Just as we were sitting down to have dinner,the telephone _ ring. Amust Bcould Cmight Dneed,解析:考查情态动词。此处的must表示“偏偏”。句意:我们刚坐下来吃饭,电话偏偏响了起来。,答案: A,11(2011安徽合肥高校附中联考)I wonder why Susan looks worried today. Im not s

31、ure,but she _ a small accident driving here. Acould have Bmight have Cmight have had Dmust have had,解析:考查情态动词表推测。答句句意:我不确定,但是,她开车来时或许出了小事故。既然是Im not sure“不确信”,应该用might来表示推测,后面给出的状语是driving here开车来时,所以用might have had。,答案: C,12(2011河北保定调研)I rang you yesterday afternoon.A man answered,but I didnt recog

32、nize the voice.Oh,it _ my uncle.He was in my room then.Amust have been Bshould have beenCmust be Dshould be,解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意:“昨天下午我给你打电话了。是一个男的接的,但是我没有听出他是谁。”“哦,那一定是我叔叔。他那个时候在我的房间里。”根据题意可知选A,表示对过去事情的肯定推测。,答案: A,13(2011潍坊质量监测)When we worked in the same firm several years ago,we _ often go to the cinem

33、a together.Awould BwillCshall Dcould,解析:考查情态动词。句意:当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时,我们常常一起去电影院。would在这里表示“(过去)常常”。,答案: A,14(2011南通一模)He chose to teach in a western province,though he _ in the city for a better life.Acould stay Bwould stayCcould have stayed Dhad stayed,解析:本题考查虚拟语气。句意:他选择到中国的西部去教书,尽管他本可以在大城市过更好的生活。对过去的虚拟用couldhave done的形式。,答案: C,15(2011青岛市联合模拟)Everyone in my class passed the exam.Oh,really?It _ difficult.Acant have been Bneednt have beenCmust be Dmightnt be,解析:考查情态动词。对过去进行推测,表示“一定不”应使用cant have done。句意:“我们班上每个人都通过了考试。”“哦,真的吗?那题目一定不难。”,答案: A,

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