1、Paragraph two,The selling of the president,1. So many factors are involved in choosing a President (Para. 2, line 1) Involve v (1) in to have as a necessary part or result 包含；需要；使成为必要部分 Example . I didnt realize that so much work was involved in putting on a play.(2) (of a situation or action) to ha
2、ve as the people or things taking part （情况、行动）牵涉，涉及,Example The accident involved a bus and a truck.(3) (in, with) to cause (sb or oneself) to become connected or concerned 使（别人或自己）卷入；使介入。 Example . If I were you I would t get involved in their problems.,2. With any real empirical confidence (Para.
3、2, line 2 )empirical adj (adv: -cally; n: empiricism经验主意，经验论)guided by or based on practical experience of the world we see and feel, not by ideas out of books 以实际经验为依据（指导）的Example . We now have empirical evidence that the moon is covered with dust .,3. Highly publicized debates between candidates i
4、n 1960,1976 (Para. 2, line 3)Publicize vt also cise BrE To bring to public notice 宣传，张扬，宣扬 Example To publicize a new policy,n (u) publicity； publicist (广告人员；宣传人员） (1)Public notice or attention 公众的注意；众人周知；张扬 Example . The film stars marriage got a lot of publicity. . Unwelcome publicity.(2)the busin
5、ess of bringing someone or something to the attention of the public宣传，宣扬 Example. Who is in charge of publicity for our show.,4. publicized debates between candidates in 1960,1976 (Para. 2, line 3) Debate n. discussion; a meeting, especially in public, in which a question is talked about by at least
6、 two people or group, each expressing a different opinion 讨论；辩论,辩论会 Example .How to solve this problem is still a matter for debate. .a heated debate. vt. & vi. Argue；controvert 争论； 辩论 Example They debated for over an hour on the merits of the different systems.,5. Richard Nixon: The 37th U.S. Presi
7、dent(1969-1974), born in 1913, died in 1994.John F. Kennedy: 1917-63.The 35th U.S.President (1961-1963); assassinatedJimmy Carter: Born in 1924. The 39th U.S. President(1977-1981)Gerald Ford: Born in 1913. The 38th U.S. President(1974-1977)Ronald Reagan: 1911-2004. The 40th U.S. President(1981-1989)
8、,6. the 1976 debates probably clinched Jimmy Carters narrow Clinch v (1) T infml to settel (a business matter or an agreement)filmly 解决（争端、交易）；达成（协议） Example .The two businessmen clinched the deal quickly. .The offer of more money clinched it for her and she accepted the job.,(2) I (of two people) t
9、o hold each other tightly with the arms, especially when fighting(尤指两人打架） 互相紧紧抱（扭）住Example .The two fighters/lovers were locked in a clinch. (3).T to fix (a nail) in place by bending the point over 敲弯钉头使钉牢（固定）,7. appear to -v to seem 似乎；好像；看来 Example .He appears to be sincere but I dont completely trust him. .The discussion appears to have been friendly and fruitful,
