1、,English Grammar (第七讲 形容词和副词）,Unit 7 Adjective and Adverb,长长的，黑色的， 英国制造的，非常漂亮的一支新的塑料钢笔,a nice long new black British plastic pen,形容词 adjective,一、形容词的位置,记住opshacom这个杜撰的词，就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。 op表示opinion, 人们观点的形容词，beautiful, lovely sh表示shape，形状的形容词，long, short, round a表示age，年龄，时代的形容词，old, new, young c表示co
2、lor，颜色的形容词，red, black, white o表示origin，国籍、地区的形容词，German, British m表示material，材料的形容词，plastic, metal,二、形容词作后置定语的情况,Alive creatures are remarkably diversified in their sizes A B C D and shapes.,A. Alive 改为Living,1.形容词作anything, everything, nothing, something, anybody, everybody, somebody, nobody,2. 以字母
3、a-开头的某些表示状态的形容词作定语时要后置，常见的有afraid, alive, alone, ashamed, alike, asleep, awake, akin（相似的）, aware, ablaze（发光的）, adrift（漂浮的）, afloat, afire（燃烧的）, averse（不喜欢的）, amiss（出了差错的，有毛病的）等。,A man afraid is a man ashamed.害怕的人也是害羞的人。,3.某些外来形容词，常见的如total, general, martial, laureate, royal等在某些固定词组中作定语时。 sum total 总
4、额 court martial 军事法庭 secretary general 秘书长 consul-general 总领事 Attorney-General 检察总长 Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人 Astronomer Royal 皇家天文台台长,4.成对的形容词，如表示年龄、性别、大小、好坏等词作定语时要后置。,All countries, big or small, strong or weak, should be equal. The neuron has no charge, either positive or negative. 中子不带阳电，也不带阴电。,三、作前置定语
5、和后置定语意义不同的形容词,present, proper, due, concerned, involved, adopted, used, elect, responsible, opposite,1. present,作前置定语目前的，现在的,作后置定语在场的，出席的,The present situation is excellent. The employees present should vote on the issue.,2. proper,3. due,作前置定语适当的；恰当的,作前置定语到期的,作后置定语本身的,作后置定语应支付的,He has made a proper
6、 arrangement. The question proper hasnt been answered.,Ill give you an answer in due time. Theres much money due this month.,4. concerned,作前置定语担心的，忧虑的,作后置定语有关的，负责的,The concerned doctor rang for an ambulance. The authorities concerned issued a statement yesterday.,5. involved,6. adopted,作前置定语复杂的,作前置定
7、语收养的,作后置定语有牵连的,作后置定语采纳的，被选择的,It was a very involved explanation. All the people involved have been questioned.,He is my adopted son. This is the proposal adopted.,7. used,作前置定语旧的，二手的,作后置定语被用的，被采纳的,Im going to buy a used car. The book used was written by him five years ago.,8. elect,9. responsible,作前
8、置定语挑选的，精选的,作前置定语有责任心的，认真负责的,作后置定语当选的，选出尚未就职的,作后置定语负有责任的,This elect body （选出的机构）meets once a year. The president elect takes over in May.,Jane is a responsible girl. The girl responsible was dismissed.,10. opposite,作前置定语相反的,作后置定语对面的，对过的,The two men went off in opposite directions. The woman opposite
9、was knitting a cardigan（开襟毛衣).,四、可用作副词的形容词,有些形容词有时可作副词，常见的有dark, dead, wide, right, bitter, white, new, tight, pretty, damned, precious 等。,深红色 极冷 大开的 非常高兴 冰冷的,白热化的 新生的 紧身的 累极了 十分聪明的,dark red dead cold wide open right glad bitter cold,white hot new born tight fitting dead tired pretty wise,He was _ d
10、runk last night. A. deadly B. dead C. death D. deathly,B,五、以-ly结尾的形容词不可混淆为副词,He was accused of possessing _ weapons. A. dead B. dying C. deadly D. deathly,C,lively friendly lovely lonely lowly manly,活泼的 友好的 可爱的 孤独的 卑贱的 男子气概的,heavenly homely womanly cowardly soldierly kindly,天空的 简朴的 有女子气质的 卑劣的 英勇的 和蔼
11、的,deadly costly likely fatherly worldly timely,earthly scholarly ghostly masterly,致命的 昂贵的 很可能的 慈父般的 老于世故的 及时的,世俗的 学者气的 苍白的 高明的，熟练的,六、表示肯定意义的tooto结构,“tooto”结构本来表示的是否定含义，但是如果前面有only, all, but, not, never, simply, just等词，too后面是eager, anxious, pleased, kind, willing, apt, ready, glad, quick, inclined等形容
12、词时，这是这个结构表示肯定概念。,He is too ready to promise. 他总是轻易地许诺。 I am only too glad to help you. 我非常乐意帮助你。,I know but too well to hold my tongue. 我深知少说为妙。 One is too apt to overlook ones own mistake. 人们总是很容易忽视自己的缺点。,In the theater the actors are very _ to the reaction of the audience. sensible B. sensitive C.
13、 emotional D. positive2.If the test taker finds an item to which an answer is not known, it may be _ to leave it blank and go on with the test. advisable B. valuable C. considerable D. probable3.There were some _ flowers on the table. A. false B. artificial C. unnatural D. unreal,B,A,B,七、常考同根而意义不同的形
14、容词,1. alternate, alternative -He comes here on _ days. -If this plan is not accepted, we have an _ plan. alternate轮流的，交替的 day (隔一天) alternative两者挑一的，替代的 plan （代替的计划）,2. amiable/ amicable -Please make yourself _ to me. -Nations should settle a quarrel in an _ way.amiable 温柔的，和蔼可亲的 amicable和睦的,3. barb
15、arous/barbaric -These people came from _ countries. -A cultivated person may occasionally enjoy _music.barbarous残忍的，野蛮的barbarous country (蛮邦） barbaric 粗俗的，未开化的，不优雅的barbaric music （粗俗的音乐）,4. beneficial/beneficent -No one was so _ as he. -Exercises are _ to health.beneficial有利的 beneficent仁慈的,5. ceremo
16、nial/ ceremonious -They are wearing _ costumes at the banquet. -We gave the distinguished guests a _ welcome yesterday.ceremonial 正式的，礼仪上的 costume （正式的服装） ceremonious，仪式隆重的，过于讲究礼节的a welcome （隆重的欢迎仪式）,6. childlike/ childish -I like his _ face. -That is a _ idea. childlike天真烂漫的 childish幼稚的,7. comparat
17、ive/comparable -Chaucer is _ with Dante. -He lives in _ comfort. comparable 可以比较的 with Dante（可与但丁相比） comparative比得上 comfort (比较舒适）,8. comprehensive/comprehensible -One finds a writers books more _ if one knows about his life. -He is student with a _ mind. comprehensible 能理解的（用于事物的） comprehensive有理解力
18、的（用于人） a mind （理解力很强）,9. conscientious /conscious -He is a _ teacher. -He became _ again in a minute. conscientious 认真的，诚心诚意的 conscious有意识的,10. considerate/considerable -Your explanation is of _ help to us. -He is always _ towards other people.considerable 值得考虑的，相当大的 considerate考虑周到的,11. contemporar
19、y/ contemporaneous -Li Bai was _ with Du Fu. -The launching of the 24000-ton tank-ship（油轮） was _ with the completion of the new workers dormitory. contemporary 同时代的 (with，只用于人） contemporaneous同时发生的 (with，只用于物）,12. continual/continuous -I cant work with these _ interruptions. -The _ flow of the brook
20、 formed a ravine. continual连续的（指不时重复的动作，可以有短暂的中断） continuous连续不断的（指不停地动作，没有中断）,13. delighted/delightful -I am _ to hear the news. -The music is _ to me.delighted感到快乐的（被动含义）delighted at 听到或见到而高兴delighted with对喜欢或高兴delightful 令人感到快乐（主动含义） delightful to sb.令某人感到快乐,14. destructive/destructible -Suspicio
21、n is _ of friendship. -Everything man made is _. destructive破坏性的，有害的（主动含义）destructive of 破坏，有损于destructive to对有害；有害于 destructible可破坏的，可消灭的（被动含义）,15. economical/economic -We are faced with many_ problems. -He is _ with money.economic 经济学的，经济上的 economical节约的，节省的,16. exhausting/exhausted/exhaustive -He
22、 has made an _ study of the problem. -What an _ day I have had! -My patience is _. exhaustive 彻底的，无遗漏的 exhausting 耗尽的，使人筋疲力尽的 exhausted用尽的，疲倦的,17. historic/historical -We are going to visit many _ spots. -He wrote a _ novel two years ago. （历史小说）historic有历史意义的 significance/ spots （名胜古迹） historical历史上
23、的，有关历史的 figure,18. honorable/ honorary -His father is an _ teacher. -He is an _ member of the association. honorable 受人尊敬的 honorary 名誉的，荣誉的,19. imaginary/imaginable/ imaginative -Her illness is only _. -Cao Xueqin is an _ writer. -I was then faced with the greatest difficulty _. -All means _ have be
24、en considered by us.imaginary 虚构的，想像出来的 imaginative 富有想像力的 writer（富有想象力的作家） imaginable可以想像得到的,20. imperious/ impetuous -He always speaks with _ looks. -She had an _ manner. imperious 专横的，蛮横的 impetuous猛烈的，轻举妄动的 an manner（举止冲动）,21. industrial/ industrious -Birmingham is the centre of an _ area. -He is
25、 an _ worker. industrial工业的 industrious勤奋的,22. intense/ intensive -He is an _ person. -She gives _ care to her patient. intense 热烈的，热情的 intensive彻底的，精深的,精心的,23. judicial/ judicious -She got a _ separation from her husband. -His _ father encourages him to study hard. judicial法庭的，法院判决的 judicious贤明的；深思
26、熟虑的,24. luxurious/luxuriant -She wrote an essay in a _ style. -He has a _ imagination. -She has a _ habit. luxuriant 茂盛的（指树木）；华美的（指文体）；丰富的 style （华美的文体） /imagination （丰富的想象力） luxurious奢侈的，豪华的,25. momentary / momentous -There was a _ silence. -He takes a _ decision without debate. momentary 瞬间的 momen
27、tous重要的,26. negligent/ negligible -He is a _ official. -He is a _ person.negligent 疏忽的，粗心大意的, negligent of /in 对粗心大意，马虎 official （玩忽职守） negligible可以忽视的，微不足道的 person （不重要的人物）,27. political/politic -They think it _ never to disagree with their employers. -He joined that _ party last year.politic精明的，明智
28、的 political政治的,28. primal/primary -Money was a _ necessity to them. -That is his _ goal in his life. primal 原始的，基本的 necessity (最基本的需要） primary第一的，最初的,29. temporary/temporal -He cares for nothing but _ affairs. -Many students in America find _ jobs during their summer holiday.（临时的工作）temporal 时间的，世俗的
29、affairs (世俗之事） temporary暂时的，临时的,30. regretful/ regrettable -She shed _ tears.-He should be _ for his _ conduct. regretful遗憾的，后悔的（后悔的眼泪） regrettable令人遗憾的，（指行为、事件等令人遗憾）,31. satisfactory 令人满意的, satisfied感到满足的（主语为人） -Your explanation is not satisfactory to me. -I am satisfied with your explanation.,32.
30、respectable受人尊敬的（被动的意味）, respectful (to)尊敬的，有礼貌的(主动的意味）, respective各自的，各个的） -He is a respectable high-ranking official.（受尊敬的高级官员） -Our elders are respectable and we young people are respectful to them.（受人尊敬，尊敬他们） - We go back to our respective dormitories after work.（各自的宿舍）,33. sensible (of)可以察觉到的，通
31、情达理的（被动含义）, sensitive (to) 敏感的（主动含义） -This is a sensible fall in the temperature.（可以感觉到的温度下降） -An artist is sensitive to beauty.（对美是敏感的）,34. sensual 好色的, sensuous 美感的 -He is a sensual person. （好色之徒） -All art has a sensuous element: color, form or sound. （美感的要素：颜色、外形或声音）,35. spiritual 精神的, spirituous
32、含酒精的 -They two are rich in the spiritual life. (精神生活） -Spirituous liquors are not good for patients.（含酒精的饮料）,36. tasteful 风雅的，雅致的, tasty美味的 -He will buy a set of tasteful furniture.（雅致的家具） -He got a tasty meal for five yuan.（美餐）,37. tired (from /with) 感到疲倦的, 厌烦的 tiresome 令人厌倦的，烦人的 -I am tired form a long walk. （感到疲倦） -Its a tiresome speech. （令人厌倦的讲演）,38. tolerable 可以忍受的，可容忍的,tolerant (of) 容忍的，忍受的 tolerant toward 对 宽大 -The pain was severe but tolerable. (忍得住） -He is not very tolerant of opinions different from his own. （不大能容忍与自己不同的意见）,
