1、动词分类,动词主要分为以下四大类： 行为动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词,动词：动词是表示动作和状态的词。,中学考试考查动词的重点：,动词的时态 动词词形变化 人称与数的一致 短语动词 近义动词的辨析,行为动词,行为动词又叫实义动词，按照其后是否能跟宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词,及物动词就是后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词。 如：love, need, want, ask, have, help, teach, make等,及物动词之例句,例句1. We love our great motherland very much. 例句2. My grandfather bought me
2、a nice toy.,考题,Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV? Sometimes. Its an interesting program, but I _ Sports News. Prefer B. want C. enjoy D. miss,prefer prif:(r) vt. 宁愿选择，更喜欢 (preferring, preferred) prefer sth. 或 prefer to do sth. 例句： Would you prefer tea or coffee? My parents would prefer me to s
3、tudy law at university.(父母更希望我在大学修读法律。) Helen prefers going by train to flying. 海伦宁愿乘火车都不想坐飞机。,不及物动词(一),不及物动词本身意义完整，其后不必跟宾语。如come, go, run, travel, listen, swim, live, work等。 例句： He works hard. 他工作努力。 People often swim in the river.,不及物动词(二),如果不及物动词需要带宾语，则其后面需要跟适当的介词连用。 例句 The baby is smiling at us.
4、 He died of hunger. 他死于饥饿。,系动词,系动词不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的系动词分类如下：,考题： -Which T-shirt do you prefer? -The red one. It _ more comfortable.A. tastes B. smells C. feels D. sounds,助动词,特点： 1. 助动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语， 只能和别的动词一起构成谓语; 2. 表示时态、语态、语气等特征; 3. 帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。,主要的助动词有be, do, have, shall, will 等,will,
5、would, shall, should除了单纯的将来时间以处，更多的是用作情态动词。,考题 -When _ you come here? -Two years ago. I have been here for two years. A. do B. will C. did D. have,情态动词,情态动词本身有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，须和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气。,can “能，会” ， 其过去式could,can的主要用法：,(1)表示请求、许可，常用于一般疑问句，相当于may. 如：Can I speak to Mr. Li ?
6、 (2)表示能力，可以与be able to 转换。如： He can speak English. (3)表示怀疑、猜测，主要用于否定句和一般疑问句。如：He cant be at home. He has gone to Japan. (他不可能在家，他去日本了。),2. may 的用法,may “可以”， 过去式might，主要用法： 表示请求或许可。如: May I come in? “May I ?” 表示许可请求时，否定回答要用mustnt 或cant ，而不能用may not. 如： -May I go out and play basketball? -No, you must
7、nt (cant). 不行。,(2)表示可能性不大的猜测，用于肯定句。如： Mr. Wang may be at home. 王老师也许在家里。 (3)表示祝福和愿望，常用于比较正规的场合或书面语中。如： May you be happy! 祝你幸福！,must 的用法,must “必须，一定”，其否定形式 mustnt,意思是“不准，不允许”，表示禁止。例句You must be careful next time.下次你一定要小心。You mustnt take photos here. 你不许在这里拍照。,特别注意：以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答时用must 或have to, 否
8、定回答时，则须用neednt 或dont have to, 而不能使用mustnt 。如： - Must I finish the homework today?我今天必须完成作业吗？ - No, you neednt (youn dont have to).不，没有必要。,考题：You _ smoke. You are only 14 and it isnt allowed. mustnt B. dont have to C. neednt D. wont,(2)表示语气较为肯定的推测。如:,考题： - Whose book is this? - It _ be Lindas. It has
9、 her name on it. can B. may C. must D. need,have to 的用法,have to “必须；不得不”，有人称、数和时态变化。 have to 强调由于客观条件需要而不得不做某事。如：Its raining, and I have to stay at home. 外面在下雨，我不得不待在家里。,(2) have to 不能直接构成否定句或疑问句，需要借助于助动词。 例句：What does she have to do? 她必须做什么？You dont have to help her with her homework. 你没有必要帮她作家庭作业。
10、,need的用法,need 除可以做实义动词之外，还可以作情态动词，意思为“需要，必须”，无人称、数、时态的变化。 need 通常用于否定句中： We neednt spend too much time on it. 我们没有必要花那么多时间在它上面。,(2) 以need 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must, 否定回答用neednt。如： - Need I go there now? -Yes, you must. / -No, you neednt.,shall 与 should 的用法,(1) shall 常用于主语是第一人称的疑问句中，表示请求。 对“Shall I ?”作肯定回答时
11、，用“Yes, please.” 否定回答用“No, thank you.” 如： -Shall I turn on the light? 要不要开灯？ -Yes, please. / No, thank you.,特别注意：,对“Shall we ?”作肯定回答时，如果不包括对方you，用“Yes, please.”；如果包括对方you,则用“Yes, lets ”. 例句： (1)-Shall we have some bananas?-Yes, please. 是的，请。(不包括自己) (2)-Its getting late. Shall we go?-Yes, lets go.,sh
12、ould 除了是shall的过去式外，本身还有“应该”的含义。 考题： - How was the youth club last night, Mark? - It was great fun. You _ come. A. must B. can C. should D. may,短语动词分类,一些动词与介词或副词等组合在一起构成短语动词。短语动词相当于一个实义动词。初中阶段常见的短语动词主要有以下五类： 动词 + 介词 这类短语动词后跟宾语时，无论宾语是名词还是代词，都需置于介词之后。常见：look for, wait for, send for(派人去请), look after, c
13、ome from, hear form, think of (想起), depend on (依靠)等。,例句： I have to look after her at home. He is thinking about this question. 他正在思考这个问题。考题：-Peter, what if your parents go out? -They ask me to _ myself. look after B. look up C. look for D. look through,2. 动词 + 副词这类短语动词可以是及物性质的，也可以是不及物性质的。及物性质的短语动词后跟
14、名词作宾语时，宾语置于副词前后均可；后跟人称代词作宾语时，宾语必须置于副词之前。例句： Please put your coat on. = Please put on your coat. The shirt on the left looks nice. Can I try it on?,及物性质的有：cheer up (使振奋，使高兴)，clean up (打扫干净)，put up (建立，发布)，fix up (修理)，work out (制定出，算出)，give out (发放，消耗尽)，give away (赠送，分发)，think over (仔细考虑)，hand in (交上)
15、，不及物性质的有: get up (起床)，come back (回来)，get down (下来)，hold on (等一等，别挂断)，look out (当心)，run away (逃跑) 等。,考题： 1. - Fangfang failed in the singing competition. She must be very sad.-Lets go and _.A. wake her up B. cheer her up C. pick her up2. Zhang Liangyings new CD will _ next month.A. come along B. come
16、 up C. come over D. come out,come along 跟随；跟(某人)去 come up 升起；走近 come over 顺便来访 come out 出版；出来 get along with 与 相处融洽 have a fight with 与打架,3. 动词 + 副词 + 介词 这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语置于介词之后，常见的这类短语动词有: add up to 合计达 catch up with 赶上 get along with 与相处 run out of 耗尽，用光 keep away from 避开 He is trying his best to cat
17、ch up with the other students in the class.,考题 If you are friendly to your classmates, Im sure youll _ them. catch up with B. get on well with C. have a fight with,4. 动词+名词+介词相当于及物动词，后面要跟宾语。 make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意 take care of 照顾 如：Weve lost touch with him.我们和他失去了联系,5. 动词 + 名词 相当于不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语。 take place 发生 catch fire 失火 lose heart 灰心 A great meeting about weather change _ in Copenhagen(哥本哈根) in December, 2009.A. took place B. took pride C. took care D. took after,
