1、第四节 冠词,冠词,Mia,一什么是冠词 冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article : the ），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article: a和an ），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。不定冠词用在单数名词前，表示泛指；定冠词用在名词前，表示特指。如：a book an egg the elephant一本书 一个鸡蛋 那只象,1. 不定冠词a，an只用在可数名词单数前，基本意思是“一个”。其中，a用在读音以辅音开头的单词前，an用在读音以元
2、音开头的单词前。如：a pencil a desk a bottlean old man an apple an eraser,2.定冠词 the在元音前读/i/,在辅音前读/ 。如：in the /i/evening in the/morning,用不定冠词an a 填空,1.（ ） old woman 2.( ) useful dictionary 3. ( ) honest boy 4.( ) ink-bottle 5. ( ) one-eyed elephant 6. ( ) exercise book 7.( ) yellow shirt 8. ( ) history book 9.
3、( ) umbrella 10.( ) English song,a,【易错点】： 有些名词虽然首字母是元音字母，但发音却以辅音开头。 （错）an university （正）a university一所大学 （错）an uniform （正）a uniform一套制服,有些名词虽然首字母是辅音字母，但名词发音却以元音开头，这时名词前要用an。 （错）a hour （正）an hour （错）a honest boy （正）an honest boy 一个诚实的孩子,不定冠词(a, an) 的用法,1)表示数量“一”，相当于one。There are twentyfour hours in a
4、 day.There are seven days in a week. 2) 泛指一类名词中的某一个。Liu Xiang is a famous player.Cheng Long is an actor. 3)表示一类人或物。 An elephant is stronger than a horse. 4)用于表示时间、速度、价格、重量、长度等单位名词前，表示“每一”的意思，相当于every/per. 如:Mr. Green goes to the cinema once a week This cloth is 10 yuan a meter.,1.A 和An,5)表示某一个人或事物，相
5、当于some /certain I have a watch. A gentleman wants to see you. 6)表示同样，一样the same John and I are of an age. Birds of a feather flock together. 7)第一次提到某人或某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。 如：Yesterday I saw an old man. Hes Toms father.He is a teacher.There is a new book on the desk.,不定冠词的用法 例题： The Wilsons live in _ A-shap
6、ed house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage. （04浙江）A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a,D,该句意为“威尔逊先生一家住在海边的一幢A型房子里，那是一幢十七世纪的屋子。”两处都表示“一幢“，A-shaped 是元音开头，该用 an；而 seventeenth是辅音开头，所以该用 a。,2.A 和An的特殊用法,1)用于物质名词前，表示一种，一场，一缕，一阵，一份如：Longjing is a famous Chinese green tea. What a heavy rain!
7、An ice coffee for me. I saw a smoke in the distance.,2)用于抽象名词前表示：表示一种，一场等 例如： Translation is an art. It was a just war.,表示动作的一次，一例等 例如： He went out for a smoke. You have done me a kindness, thank you.,表示引起某种情绪的事 例如： It is a pleasure to work in China. Its an honor to meet you .,表示某一品质的人和事 例如： Jane wa
8、s a grate success in the play. In some places white bread is a luxury.,3)用于专有名词前 表示某一个 或 一个叫.的人 A Mr Johnson phoned and left a message for you.表示与之相似的人或物 例如： He wishes to be an Edison. 表示民族，社团，家庭中的一员或是某人创作的作品之一。例如： I found a Qi Baishi in a secondhand book shop. Im a Han and my wife is a Miao.,不定冠词的特
9、殊考查要点1,1 (2006.I) Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? Sorry, wrong number. There isnt _ Mr. Smith here. 2 (2004)John, there is _ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. Im in the bath. A. / B. a C. the D. one,1、不定冠词放在姓名前a certain，意为“某一（个）”。,B,例题：(2008年广东省汕头市)_ youngest leader in China is _ man called Lu Hao
10、AThe；a BA；the CA；a DAn；all,A,4)表示世界上独一无二的事物时用_, 但名词前如有_修饰，则用_.,定冠词the,形容词,不定冠词a/an,Eg: _sun _rising sun,the,a,5）在季节、月份、 日期、三餐饭、星期几等名词之前，不加冠词；但如果这些名词前有形容词修饰，则需要加 冠词。如：have a big breakfast This happened on a Sunday in july. My grandfather died in the autumn/May of 1976.,6）This is the most interesting
11、book I have ever read.a most后接“形容词单数可数名词”时，most为程度副词，表示“非常”，意义上类似于very。This is a most interesting book.这是一本非常有趣的书。,返回目录,After _ quick breakfast in the restaurant,Peter set about the task of finding a room where he could live for _ next few months.A.不填；a B.a；the C.a；a D.a；不填,不 定 冠 词,【解析】名词breakfast,
12、lunch, supper前面通常不用冠词，但其前面有定语修饰时可加冠词，如 a wonderful lunch。the next few表示特指的“随后几个”,【答案】,B,7）the second (third)；a second (third) 序数词前用定冠词时，强调顺序的排列。如：I live on the second floor.序数词前用不定冠词时，表示“又一；再一”（another），其“顺序”的语气很弱，它强调程度。如：Although he had failed three times, he didnt give up. He stood up again and tr
13、ied a fourth time.,不定冠词的特殊考查要点2,John had made up his mind to give it up, but on _ second thought he determined to try _ third time. A. /; a B. /; / C. a; a D. the; a,2、不定冠词放在序数词前表“再一，又一”。,C,8). 表示乐器的名词前，一般要加_，但如果名词前加了_修饰，则用_.,定冠词the,定语,不定冠词,如：He practises playing _ violin every day.He is playing _ b
14、orrowed violin.,the,a,9) 用在习惯用语中例如： a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden /at a loss/in a way/at a time/as a matter of f
15、act/have a good time/at a glance/have a rest/,例题Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes. （05浙江卷）Aa; a Ban; the Can; a Dthe; a,C,“Taylor 夫人有一个在绘画方面极有天赋的八岁的女儿，她已经两次获得全国大奖了。” eight 是元音开头，所以该用 an；而后面的 have a gift for为一短语，表示“在 方面有天赋”，故答案为C。,1.quite
16、，rather,such,what与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。即： What/such/rather/quite/half+a/an+单数名词 例如： He is rather a fool. -What did you think of the concert? -Oh,it was quite a success. What a brave boy he is !,不定冠词的位置,2.不定冠词用在so,as.too,how+adj 之后 即： So/as/too/how+adj+a/an+单数名词 例如： She is as clever a girl as you can wish t
17、o meet. Its too difficult a book for us. How brave a boy he is !,不定冠词的位置 例题_ role she played in the film! No wonder shehas won an Oscar. (2002上海春) A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting,D,不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。但位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，如： I have never seen su
18、ch an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.,例题We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2003上海) A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush,D,当名词前的形容词被副词 as, so, too, how, 修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后： It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spe
19、nt. so short a time. too long a distance.,典型例题 1.John ishonest boy.A.a B.an C.不填 2.I havepencil, pencil is green.A.a the B.the a C.a an 3.Lets haverest forwhile.A.a a B.a the C.不填 a,B,A,A,4._ elephant is _ useful animal . A An an B An a C The an 5. His aunt will be back in _ hour . A a B an C the 6.
20、 I have _ important meeting to attend . A a B an C the 7. She is too tired ,so she wants to have_ rest . A a B an C the 8. Foshan is a beautiful city .Ill come here _ second time . A a B the C an,B,B,B,A,A,用不定冠词“a”“an”填空。若不填“a”“an”，则用“”表示。1.I haveapple, egg and some milk for breakfast.2. cat can cat
21、ch mice.3.Toms father isengineer.4. Tony is _honest boy.5. Mother bought me_uniform yesterday.6.The ant isinsect.7.Lucy spendshour doing her homework every day.8.There is“F”in the word “friend”.9.I havegood idea.10. orange is orange.,an,an,A,an,an,a,an,an,an,a,An,homework,用“a”“an”填空,若不填“a”“an”，则用“”表
22、示。,1)Such_fine weather is _unusual chance for us to go fishing. 2)The teacher asked me _second question before I could answer the first one. 3)He was _medical student before he tured_writer. 4)France is _European country. 5)These swords are all of _length. 6)QingDao is _most beautiful city in summer
23、. 7)Its _pity that you cant swim. 8)Would you like _orange?,9)He is rather _honest boy. 10)The concert was quite_success. 11)She is _grate comfort to her mother. 12)Water is _liquid. 13)Can you eat this apple at _mouthful? 14)The old fisherman made it _rule never to cast more than four times_day. 15
24、)She was absent from school because she got _headache and _sore throat yesterday.,homework,用“a”“an”填空,若不填“a”“an”，则用“”表示。,1)Such_fine weather is _unusual chance for us to go fishing. 2)The teacher asked me _second question before I could answer the first one. 3)He was _medical student before he tured
25、_writer. 4)France is _European country. 5)These swords are all of _length. 6)QingDao is _most beautiful city in summer. 7)Its _pity that you cant swim. 8)Would you like _orange?,an,a,a,a,a,a,a,9)He is rather _honest boy. 10)The concert was quite_success. 11)She is _grate comfort to her mother. 12)Water is _liquid. 13)Can you eat this apple at _mouthful? 14)The old fisherman made it _rule never to cast more than four times_day. 15)She was absent from school because she got _headache and _sore throat yesterday.,an,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,
