1、Unit 8,Ill help clean up the city parks.Section A,1You could give out food at the food bank.你可以在粮库,分发食物。,【用法归纳】,give out 意为“分发；发放”，是由“动词副词”构成的,短语，相当于 hand out。如：,They stood there, giving out the leaflets to the passers-by.他们,站在那里，向行人散发传单。,【相关链接】give away 赠送give back 归还give in 认输；投降give up 放弃give off
2、 发出(光、热、气体等)【针对训练】The teacher _ new books to students at the beginning,C,of the new term.Agave offCgave out,Bgave backDgave up,2No, we cant put off making a plan.不，我们不能推迟制定计划。【用法归纳】put off 意为“推迟；拖延”，是由“动词副词”构成的动副短语，在此接动名词短语作宾语。如：They put off opening the door.他们推迟了开门的时间。【相关链接】,put away 收好put on 穿上put
3、 through 接通,put down 记下put out 伸出，拿出；熄灭put up 挂起；张贴,【针对训练】,C,The flight to Hangzhou had to be _ because of theheavy rain.Aput upBput awayCput offDput down,3 We are going to set up a food bank to help hungry,people.我们打算建立一个粮库来帮助饥饿的人们。,【用法归纳】,(1)set up 意为“建立；创办；开办”，是由“动词副词”,构成的短语。,(2)句中的动词不定式短语 to hel
4、p hungry people 在句中作目,的状语。如：,The old woman came here to see her son.老妇人到这儿来看望她的儿子。,【妙辨异同】,set up, establish, build 与 found,(1)set up 表示“建立”时，着重强调起点。如：,When was the company set up?这家公司什么时候成立的？,(2)establish 表示稳固、持久地建立起具体或抽象的事物。,如：,That school was established in 1990.,那所学校是 1990 年创办的。,(3)build 表示将分散的部件
5、、材料按一定设计要求，建成物体。如：Our laboratory was built in 1998.我们的实验室建于 1998 年。(4)found 表示“建立”时，注重强调建立前打下的基础。如：Laws are founded on human experience.法律是建立在人类经验基础之上的。【相关链接】,set aside 储蓄；留出set down 放下,set about 着手干set back 推迟；延缓set off 动身；出发,【针对训练】Our school has _ a special class to help the poor,C,readers.Aset of
6、fBset downCset upDset back,4Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but Iget to spend time doing what I love to do.我不仅觉得帮助人很好，而且我还将时间花在我喜欢做的事情上。,【用法归纳】,not only.but also.意为“不但而且”，用来连接两个并列成分或并列句。其中 also 有时可省略。如：,He visited not only New York but also Boston.他不但游览了纽约，还游览了波士顿。,【拓展理解】,(1)该结构连
7、接两个主语时，谓语动词必须和邻近的主语保,持一致，即遵循就近原则。如：,Not only my brother but also I am fond of music.不仅我哥哥而且我也喜欢音乐。,(2)当连接两个分句时，如果 not only 位于句首，其后要部,分倒装。如：,Not only does he like singing, but (also) he likes dancing.他不,但喜欢唱歌，而且也喜欢跳舞。,【相关链接】连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则的还有：either.or.或者或者；neither.nor.既不也不。【针对训练】Not only _ my mot
8、her like to help others, but my,C,father _ to help others.A/; likesBdo; likesCdoes; likesDdid; likes,短语动词的用法,在英语中，动词之后加介词或副词等构成的短语，称为短语动词。有的短语动词可以接宾语，相当于及物动词；有的不能，相当于不及物动词。根据构成，可以把短语动词分成以下类型：,一、“动词介词”构成的短语动词,这类短语动词相当于及物动词，其后可直接跟宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后。在被动语态中，动词和介词不能分开。如：,She is looking after her sick mother.
9、她正在照顾她生病的妈妈。,Her sick mother is being looked after by her.她生病的妈妈正由她照顾。,常见的“动词介词”短语有：care about 关心；担心hear of/about 听说,take after 与相像deal with 对付；应付,look after/care for 照顾；照料,二、“动词副词”构成的短语动词,这类短语动词分为两类：“及物动词副词”和“不及物,动词副词”。,1.“及物动词副词”相当于一个及物动词，可以直接跟宾语，也可以用于被动语态。其宾语位置有以下两种情况：当宾语是名词时，可以放在动词与副词之间，也可以放,在副词
10、之后。如：,I have used up my exercise books.,I have used my exercise books up.我用完了我的练习册。,当宾语是代词时，一般只能放在动词与副词之间。如：Please wake me up at six tomorrow.请在明天六点钟叫醒我。常见的这类短语动词有：,give out 分发；发放set up 建立take off 脱下turn on 打开ring up 给打电话,give up 放弃point out 指出pick up 捡起；接(人)turn off 关掉work out 结局；结果为think up 想出,2.“
11、不及物动词副词”相当于一个不及物动词，这种结构的短语动词不能直接跟宾语，也不能用于被动语态。如：Look out! The ice isnt hard enough.小心！冰面不够结实。常见的这类短语动词有：,go out 熄灭look out 小心grow up 长大hold on 别挂电话,stand up 起立stay up 熬夜come back 回来set off/out 出发,三、其他类的短语动词1“动词副词介词”构成的短语动词常见的这类短语动词有：,come up with 提出；想出do well in 擅长,run out of 用完look forward to 期望,ge
12、t along with 与相处2“动词名词介词”构成的短语动词常见的这类短语动词有：,take part in 参加pay attention to 注意,make use of 利用take care of 照顾,make friends with 与交朋友,3“be形容词介词”构成的短语动词常见的这类短语动词有：be different from 与不同,be strict with/at 对要求严格be full of 充满,4“动词名词”构成的短语动词常见的这类短语动词有：lose heart 丧失信心make money 挣钱take place 发生,【针对训练】,Shall I
13、 take you home after work?,B,No, thanks.My father said he would _ on his wayhome.,Alook for meClet me down,Bpick me upDtake after me,_ those lights, please.Please save energy.,C,ATake offCTurn off,BPut onDTurn on,Nobody likes _，so youd better not do it any more.,C,Alaugh atBBto laugh atCto be laughed atDto be laughed,
