1、Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions,It is very important to tell facts from the writers opinions during the course of reading. Then what are facts? And opinions?,facts what really happened; objective (客观的),opinions ideas, feelings, judgements or belief that you get from facts; subjective (主观的)
2、,Example 1,Sandy sat there.,Fact or Opinion?,Of course it is a fact! Sandys sitting there is objectively an action. The writer doesnt make any comment on it.,Example 2,Its probably that awful music that wakes me up every morning.,Its an opinion! Why? Because the writer has shown his feeling or judgm
3、ent of the music by using the word awful. Is the music really awful? It depends! You may not think in that way!,Fact or Opinion?,The biggest difficulty in distinguishing facts from opinions,When you agree with the writers opinions, you may take those subjective things for granted, that is, you may m
4、istake opinions for facts!,e.g. Hes so good looking, smart and funny.,Fact or Opinion?,Its an opinion! Why? Maybe you also think the same as the writer that he is good looking, but it doesnt mean other people will accept this idea. Good looking, smart and funny are just the judgements of the writer
5、and not necessarily the truth!,Can you distinguish between facts and opinions ?,Opinion?,Fact?,Although there are many alarmist(危言耸听的) speeches made to the contrary, in fact, man completely control nuclearpower plants.,B. The amount of money invested(投资) annually(每年) by this government, onenvironmen
6、tal issues alone, is $2m.,Opinion!,Fact!,C. It is clear that the only reasonablesolution to return to nature is to tap(开发) nuclear power.,D. Fossil(化石) fuels(燃料) provide a safealternative(选择) for nuclear power.,Opinion!,Fact!,Q & A,Matching,Multiple Choice,I. Q & A,1. What are the general benefits o
7、f exercise (Para. 1)?,To strengthen the heart and lungs, bones and muscles.,2. What is another benefit of exercise according to the author (main idea of the text)?,Powering up the brain. Physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning.,The experiment with rats (Paras. 3, 4),Results (Pa
8、ra. 4),Group 1,Group 2,Group 3,II. Matching,running inside an automatic wheel,in a complicated obstacle course,inactive,A greater number of brain connections,A greater density of blood vessels,Conclusions (Para. 2),Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel.,Skill-based exercise ma
9、kes the brain process information better.,III. Multiple Choice (Paras. 5-11),1. What results in the low speed of reaction of older adults?,A. Their age.,Choose the most appropriate one according to the text.,B. Their poor shape.,C. Their declining physical conditions.,2. What is the reduction in men
10、tal function of older adults attributed to according to some scientists?,A. Medicines.,B. Poor diet.,C. Neglecting to stay physically active.,D. All of the above.,3. What is very important for brain maintenance according to Daniel M. Landers?,A. A reading program.,B. Diet.,C. An exercise program.,D.
11、 A physical Examination.,4. What was NOT mentioned about the reasons for the academic advantages gained by taking part insports ?,A. Self-confidence.,B. Stronger muscles.,C. Better mood.,D. The ability to concentrate.,5. Why may those who exercise tackle mental challenges better according to Pierce
12、J. Howard?,A. Because they have more nerve cells.,B. Because they have more brain chemicals.,C. Because they have stronger muscles.,Because they often have good sleep.,6. What is the most beneficial form of exercise?,A. Body exercise.,B. Exercise on mind.,C. Exercise engaging both body and mind.,D.
13、None of the above.,Sentence Structure,1. “In contrast, possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals.” (L15),Sentence Structure,than 从句的主语较长或带有长的修饰语时则倒装。,e.g.,I spend less than do nine out of ten people in my position.,我花费的，比在我职位上十分之九的人少
14、。,2. he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans. (L22),that an effect found in rats,= that an effect which is found in rats,3. that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information. (L24),the speed with which the
15、 brain processes information = the brain processes information with the speed,Blank filling,I still can remember the house _ which I was born.,in,4. This boost in reaction time after exercise training may occur because declines associated with getting old could actually stem from declines in physica
16、lcondition. (L29),because declines associated with getting old,decline ( n.),Can you change that part into an attributive clause?,5. Some scientists speculate the reduction in mental function often attributed to getting old may really be a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active, in addition
17、 to related factors such as medicines and poor diet. (L30),Split the complex sentence into several simple sentences.,Some scientists speculate The reduction in mental function is often attributed to getting old. The reduction in mental function may really be a penalty of neglecting to stay physicall
18、y active, ,a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active = a punishment for not keeping physically active.,Study the following sentences and combine them into one sentence.,Can you locate the sentence in the text?,6. But until recently, the academic edge gained by participating in sports was tho
19、ught to come from the increased self-confidence, the better mood, and the ability to concentrate that comes from burning off steam in exercise. (L38),The academic edge is gained by participating in sports. The academic edge was thought to come from the increased self-confidence, the better mood, and
20、 the ability to concentrate. The ability to concentrate comes from burning off steam in exercise.,Word Using,Word Using,Word Using,Word Using,Word Using,Word Using,Word Using,Word Using,1. succession n. (L2),successive (adj.) 连续的；继承的 successor (n.) 继任者,区分 success n. 成功 succeed v. 成功,Translation a su
21、ccession of failure the succession of the seasons,The team has had five successive victories.,一系列/连续的失败,四季的接续,这支队已经连续5次取得胜利了。,His successor is a young fellow.,他的继任是个年轻小伙子。,派生词,2. primary a. (L6),1) chief; main,What is your primary objective this term?,Use it,2. primary a. (L6),2) primary school,prim
22、ary education secondary education tertiary education,初等/小学教育 中等/中学教育 高等教育,Other Meanings primary training 初步训练 primary commodity 天然产品,3. provide v. (L6),1）provide sb. with sth.,Sheep provide us with wool.,e.g.,羊供给我们羊毛。,He works hard to provide food and clothes for his family.,2）provide sth. for sb.,
23、e.g.,他努力工作养家活口。,4. in response to (L27),= as an answer to,1. 我们应该响应号召，保护环境。,Translation,We should protect the environment in response to the call.,He went to open the door in response to a knock.,2. 听到有人敲门，他走过去开门。,5. attribute v. (L31),Phrase attribute to = believe that sth. was caused or done by sb
24、./sth.,Terry attributes his success to hard work.,Comparison,Terrys success is attributed to hard work.,特里认为他成功的原因是努力工作。,6. burn off steam (L40),steam: power, energy, force,let off/work off steam 发泄精力/情绪,More Phrases,Regular exercise helps to fight against unwanted stress and is a good way of relaxi
25、ng or letting off steam.,经常锻炼有助于减轻不必要的压力, 是一种放松或消除压抑的好办法。,e.g.,7. equip v. (L45),well-equipped travelers,明年我们要让所有学校配上新计算机。,Translation,The room is well equipped.,We shall equip all schools with new computers in the next year.,装备齐全的游客,这房子装配得很好。,8. alike a. (L47),他对顾客一视同仁。,Translation,Who is dressed alike with you?,He treats all customers alike.,= similar,Use it,Mini Presentation,Based on the studies in the text, give a mini presentation on any of the following topics:,The benefits of exercise to the old The benefits of exercise to the young The relationship between exercise and aging,
