1、怎么考1.主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力;2.名词的一词多义与熟词生义;3.语篇填空及短文改错中,主要涉及名词的单复数、名词的固定搭配、主谓一致等。 怎么学在记忆单词时,一定要结合语境体会其意义。掌握名词的熟词新义重在多阅读、多积累。 怎么解理解上下语境,明析考查目的,然后确定答案。,.体验考向用所给词的适当名词形式填空。 1.(2015江苏卷)Some schools will have to make _(adjust)in agreement with the national soccer reform. 2.(2015江苏卷)Go and say sorry to your Mo
2、m,Dave.Id like to,but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _(apologize).,3.(2015浙江卷)One of the most effective ways to reduce _(stressful)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust. 4.(2015湖北卷)When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his _(balanced)and had a bad fall. 5.(2015安徽卷)There
3、is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some _(think)and then let me know.,.语境感悟Two _1_ (月) ago,I had dinner at _2_ (Mr.White) with two _3_ (主编) and three _4_ (英雄).During the dinner,White talked a lot about his _5_ (experience) in America,where he ran a _6_ (magazine) store with his _7_ (22岁的
4、) son and they met with many difficulties. He gained his _8_ (wealth) by printing works of famous writers. After the dinner,he made five _9_ (tea) for us. In my view,I thought Mr.White focused too much on success because he didnt want to be a _10_ (fail).,答案 1.months 名词的复数。 2.Mr.Whites 名词后加s表示住所或营业场
5、所。 3.editors-in-chief 复合名词的复数形式的变化以核心名词为主。 4.heroes hero,tomato,potato,negro以o结尾的名词复数加es。,5.experiences experience表“经验”时是不可数名词;而表“经历”时,是可数名词。 6.magazine 名词作定语,表示类别。 7.22-year-old 复合名词作形容词时,核心名词无复数。 8.wealth 抽象名词无复数形式。 9.teas 物质名词转换为普通名词有复数形式。 10.failure 抽象名词具体化表“失败的人”。,.正反探究 1.【误】 There is fierce co
6、mpetition between the three shoes shops in the street.【正】 There is fierce competition between the three shoe shops in the street.解析 此处指商店的性质,用名词的单数形式作定语。 2.【误】 He works in a child hospital.【正】 He works in a childrens hospital解析 有些名词作定语表示名词的适用范围时,习惯上用名词复数的s 所有格形式。如:a childrens magazine(a magazine for
7、 children);mens clothes (clothes for men)。,3.【误】 The manager has got a good business idea,so the company is doing well.【正】 The manager has got a good business sense,so the company is doing well.解析 idea 指对某件具体事物的看法或想法,显然不符合语境。Sense意识, 感。 4.【误】 By all means,you must try every mean to help him.【正】 By a
8、ll means,you must try every means to help him.解析 means 是一个单复数同形的名词。换句话说,在表示“方式,方法”时,不存在 mean 这一形式(mean 主要用作动词,表示“意思是”;也可用作名词,表示“中间,中庸”)。means 用作主语时,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。,.考点确认 一、可数名词的数 1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式词尾后加-s或-es,规则的复数构成形式如下:,2.有些名词复数形式不是以加s或es构成,它们的不规则构成形式如下:,二、名词词形变化,三.名词词类的转化。这是高考的命题热点。1
9、物质名词转化为可数名词。 He prefers coffee to tea. (泛指的咖啡,不可数)-What would you like to drink? -A coffee, please. (一杯咖啡) Longjing is a famous tea in China.(茶的种类, 可数)2.抽象名词转化为可数名词。 Failure is the mother of success. (失败与成功在此为抽象概念)As a teacher , she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she devotes
10、 little time to looking after her child.(成功者,失败者,可数),beauty(美,美貌)-a beauty(一个美人或美物),danger(危险)a danger,failure(失败)a failure,honour(光荣)an honour(带来荣誉的人或事),must( 必须)a must(一件必要的事或物),pity(遗憾)a pity(一件可惜的事),(一件失败的事或一个失败的人),(一件危险的事或一个危险的人),service(服务)a service(一个服务机构),success(成功)a success,surprise(惊奇)a s
11、urprise(一件令人吃惊的事),pleasure(乐趣)a pleasure(一件有趣的事),worry(担心)a worry,experience(经验)an experience(一次经历),(一件成功的事或一个成功的人),(一件令人担心的事或一个令人担忧的人),有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。,glass ( 玻璃 ) copper ( 铜 ) tin ( 锡 ) paper ( 纸 ) iron (铁 ) wood ( 木头 ) gold (金子 ) youth (青春 ) power ( 力量 ) beauty ( 美 ) pleasure( 愉快 ) relation(关
12、系),a glass ( 玻璃杯 ) a copper ( 铜币板 ) a tin ( 罐头,听头 ) a paper ( 报纸,证件,论文 ) an iron (熨斗 ) a wood ( 树林 ) a gold (金牌 ) a youth (年青人 ) a power ( 大国 ) a beauty ( 美人,美的东西 ) a pleasure( 使人感到愉快的事 ) a relation(亲戚),英语中有许多对词,一个可数,一个不可数。,a poem(一首诗 ) a machine(一台机器 ) a job(一件工作 ) a laugh(一个笑声 ) a permit(许可证 ) a g
13、arment (一件衣裳 ) a bag(case) (一件行李 ) a loaf (一只面包 ) a hair(一根头发 ),poetry(诗歌总称 ) machinery(机器总称 ) work(工作 ) laughter(笑声 ) permission(允许 ) clothing(衣裳总称 ) luggage, baggage(行李 ) bread(面包 ) hair( 头发),1在名词词尾加s主要表示所属关系。以下情况应特别注意:复合名词所有格在复合名词词尾加s。例如:her soninlaws photo。,四 名词的格,如果一个事物为两个人共有,则只在最后一个名词后加s;如果是分别
14、所有,两个名词后都要加s。例如:Tom and Marys father(共有);Toms and Marys fathers(分别所有)。在表示“某人家”或者“店铺”的名词所有格时,后面一般省略它所修饰的名词。例如:at my uncles(在我叔叔家);at the tailors(在裁缝店)。,2.用“名词of名词”构成的名词短语表示两个名词间的所有关系,多用于无生命的东西。例如:the computer of tomorrow(未来的电脑)。 3.表示时间、度、量、衡时,人们习惯在这些名词后加s。如:three hours walk(三小时的散步)。 4.注意名词双重所有格的表达形式。
15、例如:a friend of my fathers(我父亲的朋友中的一个)。,D 。考查名词作定语。tea 为无生命的名词, 可用普通 格作定语修饰另一名词, 表 示功能或用途。,He dropped the _ and broke it. cup of tea B. teas cup C. cup for tea D. tea cup,五 名词作定语,1. 物质构成,如: a steel bridge, paper money;,2. 用途,如: a coffee cup;,3. 时间,如: an evening paper;,4. 地点,如: city life, country life
16、, country music;,5. 种类,如: office work;,6. 内容,如:body language, the film industry;,7. 身份,如: a student cadre;,8. 性别,如: a boy/girl student。,警 示,a man engineer men engineers; a woman teacher women teachers。,A。名词China作定语时表示产 地, 所有格Chinas 表示属于中 国的; 形容词Chinese表示中国 的; 所有格Chineses指中国人 的。根据语境可知,此处指中 国所产的茶叶, 故选
17、A。,Mr. Brown took some _tea home for Peter, his close friend. China B. Chinas C. Chinese D. Chineses,man和woman作定语时有数的变 化-随其修饰的中心词而变化。,1.名词作定语时,表示中心词的内容、材料、身份、产 地、目的等。如: a stone house用石头建的房子;a st- udent leader学生领袖(指身份还是学生);China silk 中国产的丝绸等。,3.名词所有格作定语时, 表示用途、目的、起源、所有 (者)等。如: Johns car 约翰的汽车; a girls school 一所女子学校;a childrens hospital一所儿童医院。,C。man和woman作定语时 需要根据其后面名词的形式 使用相应的单复数形式;shoe shop意为“鞋店”,故答案为C。,There are 10 _ assistants in that _ shop. woman; shoe B. women; shoes C. women; shoe D. woman; shoes,