1、practical basic Chinese 汉语入门资料1【语音 pronunciation】Part1: 元音 vowels val :a o e i u Single vowel:a o e i u Double vowels:ao ei ou un inTriple vowels: ian ong engQuadriplex vowels:uang uengPart2: 辅音 consonants knsnnt :Lips: b p m f Tip of tongue: d t n l Tongue(behind): g k h Tongue(front): j q x tip of
2、 tongue: zh ch sh r tip of tongue: z c s y w(不发音,用来拼写拼音 mute,just for spelling)Part3: 拼音:(辅音)+元音 (consonant)+vowel(1-4syllables)Part4: 声调 tones:first tone high & flatsecond tone risingthird tone down & upfourth tone downpractical basic Chinese 汉语入门资料2Part5: 外国人较难发的几个音 difficult pronunciation to fore
3、igners:e:he che :yu ju qu xu xue j: ji jia jianq: qi qian x: xi xia xiez: zi zai zou zuc: ci ce caich: chi che r:ri re ren【词汇与语法 vocabulary & grammar】Part1:词汇 vocabulary:Chinese words consist of characters. Some are one character or three characters, but the most are made of two characters。One chara
4、cter is practical basic Chinese 汉语入门资料3one syllable. For examples, w,gngjioch,Zhnggu etc.Part2:语法 grammar1. Chinese is a high context language. Good news is that there is no change on number and gender of Noun and on number and tenses of Verb. As far as grammar is concerned, the sentence order is mo
5、stly same, no matter whether it is statement or question.2. Basic phrase order:Subject(who)+Predicate(to be,to do;what or how)3. common patternsS+shi+noun: w sh mi gu rn 。 w b sh yng gu rn 。 n sh yng gu rn ma ? n sh bu sh yng gu rn ? n sh n gu rn ? S+adv+adj: zhng gu hn pio liang 。 x n b lng 。 n men
6、 lo ji r ma ? n men lo ji r bu r ? n men lo ji zn me yng ? S+zai+place : t zi ji 。 w men b zi bn gun 。 t men zi ji ma ? t men zi bu zi ji ? t zi n r ? practical basic Chinese 汉语入门资料4S+zai+v-ing : t zi ch fn 。 w b mi ( zi ) shu jio 。 n i ren zi ch fn ma ? n i ren zi zu shn me ? S+V+O : t x huan png g
7、u 。 w men b ch zh ru 。 n x huan ki ch ma ? n x bu x huan ki ch ? n x huan shn me ? 4. special questions S ( someone ) +V+O : shi+V+O ? shi yo ni ni ? S+V+O ( someone ) : S+V+ shi ? n zho shi ? S ( something ) +P : shi me +V+O ? shi me hui le 。 S+V+O ( something ) : S+V+ shi me ? n yo shi me ? S+time
8、+Predicate : S shn me sh hou P ? t mi tin po b 。 t shn me sh hou po b ? S+place+Predicate : S+ zi n +P ? w zi xu xio jio hn y 。 n zi n r jio hn y ? S+manner+Predicate : S+ zn me +P ? w zu fi j li zhng gu de 。 n zn me li zhng gu de ? practical basic Chinese 汉语入门资料5S+reason/purpose+Predicate :S+ wi sh
9、n me +P? n wi shnme li zhng gu? S+ du sho +M+N ?(how many/much) :dushao qin ? dushao ge rn ? S+ du d ( le ) ? ( how old ) : n du d le ? S+ zn me yng ? ( How about ) : n znme yng ? 5. verb tensePast: S+V+( Object ) le ( Object ).(recent past) 。 w ch le y gn xing jio 。 S+V+guo+Object. (past experience
10、) 。 w li guo zhng gu 。 Habit :S+time ( like “ every day ” ) +V 。 t mi tin zo shang du h k fi 。 S+adv ( adv of frequency ) +V 。 w men chngchang ch min tio 。 S+V ( like , dislike ) 。 w men b x huan ch ni zng 。 practical basic Chinese 汉语入门资料6Future :S+AV ( will , want , plan to ) +V 。 w men yo hu gu 。
11、【daily expression】Part 1: daily expressions1. n ho- n ho zo(shang ho)zo(shang ho) wnshang ho- wnshang ho wn n- wn n 2. xi xie- b (yng) xi / b k qi / mi sh(r ) 3. du bu q / b ho ysimi gunxi / mi shr4. zi jin-zi jin dng hur jin- dng hur jin mngtin jin- mngtin jin5. okayhode no, thanksbyo,xixiePart 2:
12、self-introduction1. w jio _ (name)。w sh _(name or who ) 。 2. w sh _ rn (nationality ) 。 w cng _ (nation) li de 。 Parr 3: 代词 pronounspractical basic Chinese 汉语入门资料71. I,me- w we- wmen my -w de our- wmen de 2. you(single)- n you(plural)- nmen your(single)- n de your(plural)nmen de 3. he,himt she,her t
13、 it-t they- t men his,her ,its -t de theirt men de 4 this- zh(ge) these- zh xi that- n(ge ) those- n xi Note:Men is a plural suffix of people. Xi is a plural measure word.Parr 4: numbers1. y r sn s w li q b ji sh lng 2. y bi y qin y wn Parr 5: inquiry & request1. qng zi shu y bin 。 qng shu mn y dinr
14、 。 2. qng wn , zh sh shnme ? qng wn csu / wishng jin zi nr ? qng wn , zh ge dushao qin ? ti gu le , nng bu nng pinyi dinr ? Parr 6: getting aroundpractical basic Chinese 汉语入门资料81. w yo q _ (destination) (in taxi)。do _ ( destination ) du sho qin (in taxi ) ? w do _(bus stop ) 。 w yo mi q _ ( destinat
15、ion ) de pio ( train , ship , airplane ) 。 2. qng zh zu 。 qng zi zhr / nr zu gui 。 qng zi zhr / nr yu gui 。 qng zi zhr / nr tng y xi 。 3. xixie , dushao qin ? qng gi w n y xi pio 。 Parr 7: dining1. qng wn zh sh shnme ? qng wn zh ge dushao qin ? 2. qng wn zh sh shnme ru ? - zh ru / d ru , ni ru , yng
16、 ru , j ru , y ru , y ru , xi 。 3. w yo y fn _(food,dish)。w yo y d / xio wn min,gnde / tngde 。 4. qng gi w y shung kuizi 。 qng gi w y b shozi 。 qng gi w do y bi shu / ch 。 qng gi w li y wn mfn 。 5. coco-cola- (kku) kl pepsi cola- (bish) kl sprite- xub practical basic Chinese 汉语入门资料9water- shu a bott
17、le of water- y png shu of room temperature- chng wn de cold- bngde icecream- bng j lng / xugo Parr 8: how to address people1. y ye , ni nai , b ba , m ma , g ge , ji jie , d di , mi mei , zhng fu , q zi , i ren , r zi , n r , hi zi , sn zi , sn n 。 2. zh sh w _(one syllable)。 w sh t _(one syllable )。wmen sh f q 。 3. lo sh (teacher), pngyou (friend,buddy),shfu(polite address for people in public ) , f w yun ( waiter , waitress ) , sh shu ( uncle ), y(aunty ) , xio pngyou ( dear address for kids )