1、Still 仍然，依旧My mother is still cooking.Perhaps 也许，大概Perhaps I can help you.-What will travelling in Garden City be like in 10 years time?-Perhaps most people will travel by bus.Many people like travelling by bus.Perhaps there will be fewer traffic jams.Perhaps there will be more underground stations.
2、Perhaps none of the people will travel by ferry.Nowadays 现如今In the past, all passengers had to buy tickets from a bus conductor, but nowadays they put money in a fare box.In the past, there were no air-conditioned buses. Nowadays, most of them are air-conditioned.In the past, none of the bus drivers
3、 were women. Nowadays, some of the bus drivers are women.Instead 代替，更换It will take days by car, so lets go there by plane instead.开车去要好几天，咱们还是坐飞机去吧。Of 用法Of 作介词，可以用于表示 “在其中；之中的一部分” 。如：Two of them are from Shanghai.他们中间的两个人来自上海。One of them likes travelling by bus.他们中间的一个人喜欢乘公共汽车。All of ; most of; some
4、 of等结构中， of 后可以接名词、人称代词宾格。接可数名词复数或人称代词时，谓语动词用复数；of 后接不可数名词时 ，谓语动词用单数。如：All of the books are new.所有的书都是新的。All of the students are here today.今天所有的学生都到了。Most of them take holidays in summer.他们大多数人在夏季休假。Most of his time is spent travelling.他的大部分时间都花在旅行上。Some of my friends like playing computer games.我的
5、一些朋友喜欢打电脑游戏。None of（没有一个）, 后接可数名词复数或人称代词时，谓语用复数或单数均可；若 of 后接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。如：None of us enjoy getting up early.我们中间没人喜欢早起。None of the telephones is / are working.这些电话没有一部是好使的。None of them has / have passed the history examination.他们中没有人通过历史考试。None of the money on the table is mine.桌上没有一分钱是我的。副词用法副词是用来
6、修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词。具体变化规则如下：1、 一般，形容词加上-ly 可变为副词。如：careful-carefully; slow-slowly; sudden-suddenly; fierce-fiercely; tight-tightly。2、 以辅音字母加-y 结尾的形容词，要把 y 变成 i 再加-ly。如：happy-happily; 但是 hurry-hurriedly。3、 以字母 e 结尾的形容词，一般直接加-ly。如：nice-nicely。以 ue、le 结尾的词去 e 加-ly，如：true-truly; gentle-gently; possible-po
7、ssibly。4、 有些副词与形容词同形，含义也相同，如：far, fast, hard, late, early 等等。I study hard in order to get good marks.我为了得到好分数而努力学习。有些加-ly 后，含义不同，如：hard（努力地）-hardly（几乎不） ；close（接近地）-closely（仔细地；密切地） ；wide（广阔地；充分地）-widely（广泛地） 。There be 句型一、 肯定句There + be +主语+状语。 如：There is a picture on the wall.二、 否定句There + be + no
8、t any(或 no) +主语+状语。 如：There are not any books on the desk.三、 疑问句1、 一般疑问句Be + there +(any) 主语+状语？ 如：Are there any trees in your school?2、 特殊疑问句疑问词(+ 名词)+ be + there +状语？ 如：How many months are there in a year?四、 There be 的将来时：there will be 或 there is going to be五、 There be 与 have 的区别There be 主要表示“某地（某
9、时）有 ”，而不能表示“某人（物）有”Have 可以表示“某人所有”或“拥有” ，不能用 there be 替换。如：He has blue eyes.Have 如果表示“某物体（在结构上的）装有” ，可以用there be 替换。如：That room has three windows. = There are three windows in that room.Be made 的用法小结（1） be made of 表示“由制造” ，原材料，指成品中可以看出原材料。如：The chair is made of plastic.这把椅子是由塑料制成的。（2） be made from 表
10、示“由制造” ，原材料，但指成品中可以看不出原材料。如：These wines are made from grapes.这些酒都是葡萄酿造的。（3） be made out of = be made of ,只是常用于口语。如：The box is made out of paper.这盒子是用纸做的。（4） be made in + 地点 ，表示产品在某地制造的。如： This kind of bike is made in Shanghai.（5） Be made by + 某人，表示产品是某人制造的。如： The desk is made by Uncle Wang.这张书桌是王叔叔制
11、造的。（6） Be made into + 成品，表示“被制成了” 。如：Glass is made into bottle.玻璃被制成了瓶子。how 家族1、 how many 多少how many 可数名词复数一般疑问句。如： How many people are there in Shanghai?2、 how much 多少how much 不可数名词复数一般疑问句。如： How much milk do you have for breakfast? How much is the milk?3、 how long 多长时间，多久。主要用来询问某个动作或状态所持续的时间。如： Ho
12、w long does it take to travel from Japan to England?4、 how far 多远。主要用来询问两地间的距离。如： How far is it from Beijing to Bangkok?Like 用法Like 作动词，意为“喜欢”表示对某人、某物或某件事情的喜爱。一、 like 用于一般现在时中的句式1、 当主语不是第三人称时，like 用原形；当主语是第三人称时，用 likes。如：He likes hamburgers. 他喜欢汉堡包。2、 在一般现在时中，like 的否定句是用“dont/doesnt + like ”构成；疑问句用“
13、Do/Does + 主语+ like”构成。如：I dont like mooncakes.-Does she like dumplings? -No, she doesnt.二、 like 句型1、 like + 名词或代词，表示“喜欢某人或某物” 。如：I like apples.2、 Like + V-ing 形式，即 like doing sth, 表示“喜欢做某事”，侧重于强调经常性、习惯性的动作或爱好。如：She likes singing.3、 Like + 动词不定式，即 like to do sth， 也表示“喜欢做某事，指在某一特定时间或地点喜欢做某事。如：I like t
14、o learn English as much as possible at school.三、 would like 愿意，想要。用于礼貌地提出要求或表示愿意提供帮助。后面跟名词、代词、动词不定式。如：Would you like some cakes?肯定回答：Yes, please. / OK. / All right. / Good idea. / Sure. / Certainly. / Yes, Id love to.否定回答：No, thanks. / Sorry, How often 的用法、 how often 意为 “多久“，用来询问每隔多久做一次某事，即动作发生的频率。如
15、：How often do you watch TV? How often do you go there?、 回答语(1) 可以用“次数a day (week, month, year 等)。如：-How often do you exercise? I exercise once a week.一次：once; 两次：twice; 三次或三次以上：“基数词times” ，three times, ten times(2) 也可以用表示频率的副词 always, usually, often, seldom, sometimes, never 等。如： -How often does he
16、help do the housework? He never helps do the housework.(3) 还可以用 every day, every morning, every week 等。如：-How often does she go to the library? She goes to the library every afternoon.、 与 how often 易混的短语(1) how long ,也表示“多久“，但指的是一段时间，常与延续性动作连用。如：-How long will you stay here? -Ill stay here for two w
17、eeks.(2) How soon 也有“多久”之意，但指的是“将过多久” ，常用于将来时态。如： How soon will she come back? Shell be back in two hours.乘坐交通工具、 by + 交通工具。如：by bus, by train、 on / in + a/his +交通工具 。如：in a bus、 动词（如：take、ride ）+ a+交通工具。如：take a bus, ride a bikeWould rather / would like、 would rather do sth 宁愿、宁可、愿意做某事；Would rather
18、 not do sth 不愿做某事、 would like to do sth 想要做某事V+doingenjoy doingfinish doingpractice doinglook for , find , find out 用法不同、 look for 强调“ 寻找”这个动作。如： -What are you doing now? I am looking for my English book.、 find 强调结果，意为“找到，发现” ， 可能有意，也可能无意，强调是是找的结果。如：I have been looking for my pen for four days, but
19、I havent found it. He found the lost child.、 find out 意为 “找出；发现；查明” ，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后搞清楚、弄明白，通常含有经过困难曲折找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西的含义。如：You should find out who is to blame. Please find out when the train leaves.a lot , a lot of 意思相近，意为“许多；大量 ”、 a lot 是副词词组 ，修饰动词，相当于 very much。如：Thanks a lot. I like Chinese a
20、ction movies a lot.a lot 有时也可做名词。如：I know a lot about China.、 a lot of 相当于 lots of， 意为“许多的；大量的” ，是形容词词组，后面可接可数或不可数名词，主要表示物品的数量。如：I have a lot of books to read. Do you have a lot of homework to do today?Instead of , instead 不同、 instead of 是介词短语 ，意为“代替；而不是” ，它后面一般接名词、代词、V-ing 形式或介词短语作宾语。如：Shall we hav
21、e fish instead of meat today? Well have tea in the garden instead of in the room. Instead of learning English, Im going to learn maths this summer. instead of 后面的动作是要“舍去，不做的” 。、 Instead 是副词，意为“代替；顶替” 。如：Last summer I learnt English. This summer Im going to learn maths instead. Instead 句中的动作是要“取，要去做的
22、” 。few , a few / little , a little都作形容词，都可意为“少” ，可用来修饰名词。few , little 表示否定含义a few , a little 表示肯定含义、 few , a few 修饰可数名词。(1) few 意为“少；几乎没有” ，表示否定含义。如：Few people can do it. He is a man of few words.(2) a few 意为 “少，但有几个” ，表示肯定含义。如：He has a few friends here and he doesnt feel lonely.、 little , a little
23、修饰不可数名词(1) little 意为“少；几乎没有” ，表示否定含义。如：There is little water in the cup, is there?(2) a little 意为“少，但有点儿” ，表示肯定含义。 如：There is a little water in the cup, isnt there?If 用法、 if 作连词引导条件状语从句，意为“假如；如果” 。该从句表示“假如有从句的动作发生就会有主句的动作发生。 ”主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态， 即“主将从现” 。如：I wont go there with you if it rains tomor
24、row. (若从句在前时，主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。如：I will go to the park next Sunday if it doesnt rain. = If it doesnt rain, I will go to the park next Sunday.)、 if 作连词， 还可以引导宾语从句，意为 “是否” 。如：Lily wants to know if the train has arrived.莉莉想知道火车是否已经到了。quickly , fast 不同、 fast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点。如：The car runs fast.、 quickly 侧
25、重于指某事完成或发生地快，延续的时间很短，常指人的思维快、手快或动作敏捷等。如：He found out the answer to the question quickly.ago , before 不同、 ago 表示“从现在起的若干时间以前 ”，意为“以前” ，需和一般过去时或过去进行时连用。如：His parents died ten years ago.、 before 指“从过去起的若干时间以前” ，意为“距过去某时以前” ，常和完成时连用。如：I have never been there before.、 如果不具体表明多长时间以前，只用 before，意为“从前；以前” ，before 仍以副词的形式置于被修饰语后，常与完成时和过去时连用。如：Have you seen this film before?你以前看过这部电影吗？、 表示某一时间点或事件以前时，只用 before，这种用法是将before 当作介词或连词使用。ago 不具有这一功能。如：They will come back before six oclock.他们将在六点之前回来。
