1、income n.收入解析：【同】salary, wage, pay【辨析】income 常指定期的收入；salary 指脑力劳动者的收入,因其来源于 salt,古罗马支付文官的方式之一；wage 指体力劳动者的工资；pay 指军饷。 indicate vt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要, 简要地说明解析：【衍】indicator n.指示器,indicative 显示的【同】 suggest, imply, denote【辨析】indicate 表示词语或符号可以清楚明白的显示内容；suggest 则表示通过词语或符号暗示内容；imply 表示这种暗示更复杂，来自 ply 层次，故此
2、是有一定结构的复杂，名词implication；denote 特指一个词的字面意义，比较正式，多用于论文中。 individual n.个人, 个体; adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的解析：【衍】 individualism n.个人主义；利已主义注意，这一概念一般都与一个相对较大的群体相对应。注意类比考察，如与community，society 对应 interpretation n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译解析：【同】translation【辨析】translation 指笔译或翻译的泛称interpretation 一般指口译或解读 involved adj.棘手的,有关的解析：【
3、衍】involve vt.包括, 笼罩, 潜心于, 使陷于involvement n.连累, 包含注意,常用过去分词 issues n.出版 , 发行, (报刊等)期、号, 论点, 问题, 结果, (水, 血等的)流出 vi.发行, 流出, 造成.结果, 进行辩护, 传下 vt.使流出, 放出, 发行( 钞票等), 发布(命令), 出版(书等) 发给; 【律】子女, 后嗣解析：还有 offspring ,descendent 也表示后代at issue 待解决的；争议中的an issue of magazine 一份杂志 labour n.劳动 , 劳力, 劳工, 努力, 分娩, 工作;v.
4、劳动 , 苦干, 费力地前进, 分娩, 工作, 悉心完成;adj.支持工党的，与工党有关的 legal adj.法律的, 法定的, 合法的解析：【同】lawful, legitimate【辨析】lawful 指一定的控制，强制行为具有法律依据。如；lawful arrest 依法逮捕；legal 意思同 lawful，但通常用于法令，较正式；legitimate 表示法律承认习惯已认可的。如 legitimate son 婚生子 illegitimate；legislation n.立法，法律的制定( 或通过)，参照分类词典里的词汇。英语近义词辨析alfred915 发表于 2006-8-28
5、 2:28:00近义词-Wait,AwaitWait(v.)-“等候”，“等待 ”。指某事发生之前停留在原地，不采取行动。通常此词作为不及物动词而和 for 连用。Await(v.)-“等候”，“ 期待”。书面语。特指对于断定必来的人或事的不断的期待。后接受词。例：We can wait here until he comes.我们可以在此地等候他来。How long have you been waiting?你等多久了？How long have you been waiting for me ?你等我多久了？We are anxiously awaiting your reply .我们
6、正焦急地等候你的来临。She was at the door awaiting him.她在门口等候他。近义词-Wither, FadeWither(v.)-“枯萎”，“凋谢”。指因无活力而失去生气。Fade(v.)-“凋谢”，“褪色”。多指颜色的逐渐消失，有时也作“暗淡”讲。例：The flowers have withered away.花凋谢了。Her hopes withered.她的希望渐渐幻灭了。Will this color fade？这颜色会褪吗？The blue rug has faded over the year.那块小蓝地毯经过多年已褪色了。近义词-Wild, Fier
7、ce, SavageWild(adj.)-“野蛮的”，“ 未驯服的”。普通用语。指野性的、无节制的行为，无发怒或严厉之意。Fierce(adj.)-“凶暴的” 。指易怒的和有凶暴脾气的人或动物。Savage(adj.)-“野蛮的” ，“ 残酷的”。表示不开化，或缺乏感情的控制力。例：Some wild horses still live in the valley.一些野马还栖息在这个山谷里。Is the sac and Fox Indian tribe a wild one?袋与狐部落是野蛮部落吗？He was a fierce fighter.他是一个勇猛的斗士。The fierce ro
8、bbers come down from the mountains.凶恶的匪徒从山上下来。I have never met such savage manners.我从未见过如此粗暴无礼的举止。He has a savage temper.他性情野蛮。近义词-Waste, Garbage, Junk, Refuse, Rubbish, TrashWaste(n.)-“废物”。普通用语。指任何被遗弃的东西。Garbage(n.)-“废物”。指厨房里丢弃的剩余物。Junk(n.)-“废物” 。指用坏了地，无价值的废弃物。Refuse(n.)-“废物，垃圾”。泛指一切毫无用处，毫无价值的废物或垃圾
9、。Rubbish(n.)-“垃圾，废物”。指体积较小、破碎的、没有用的废物，和可收集起来进行处理的弃物，间或指愚蠢无用的话语和思想。Trash(n.)- “废物”。指小型无价值的杂物，或无价值作品。例：Industrial waste must be prevented from polluting our rivers.必须阻止工业废物污染河流。There is too much waste in this house.这一家人太浪费了。The park is covered with old cans and other forms of garbage.公园里到处都是旧罐头盒和其它各种垃
10、圾。Waiters put their leftovers in the garbage can.侍者把残羹剩饭倒入泔脚桶里。The whole room is full of junk.整个屋子堆满了废弃物品。Their mother enlisted them to remove junk for a trash pickup.他们的母亲在指挥他们清除破烂，好让垃圾车运走。The refuse was unloadedat the city dump.垃圾卸在市垃圾场。Throw the refuse in the garbage can.把垃圾扔进垃圾桶里。The rubbish mus
11、t be thrown away.这些垃圾必须扔掉。He is talking rubbish.他在说废话。Gather up the leaves and put them with the rest of the trash.把树叶堆积起来，与其它废物放在一起。Dont waste your time reading that trash!别浪费你的时间读那个毫无价值的东西！近义词-Walk, Stride, Stroll, PlodWalk(v.)-“走”。普通用语。是中性词。指以正常速度走路。Stride(v.)-“走”。指大步行走，并且步伐均匀。stroll(v.)-“走 ”。指为了
12、消遣而慢慢地步行。Plod(v.)- “走”。指缓慢而吃力地走。例：Let us walk in the park for a while.让我们在公园里散会儿步。We got off the bus and walked the last few blocks.我们下了公共汽车，走过最后几个街区。She turned and strode off.她转身大步走开了。The soldiers are striding with a dignified gait.士兵们正昂然阔步而行。They are strolling players.他们是流浪艺人。A huge crowd strolled
13、 down Fifth Avenue in the Easter Parade.一大群人在复活节游行时走过第五街。The poor old man plods along,hardly able to lift each food.这可怜的老人吃力地走着，几乎都抬不动脚了。The old horse plodded up the road. 老马在路上缓步而行。近义词-Waiter,Servant, AttendantWaiter(n.)-“侍者”。指饭店，旅馆，餐室里的男侍者。女侍者是 waitress。Servant(n.)-“仆人”，“佣人”。指为工资，膳宿在别人家干活的人。Attend
14、ant(n.)-“仆人” ，侍从”。指跟随某人并为其服务的人。例：Waiters and waitresses work in restaurants ,hotels, cafe and snackbars.男女服务员在餐馆，旅 馆，咖啡馆，快餐馆里招待顾客。While we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter came up tous bearing a large basket full of huge peaches.当我们在等咖啡的时候，那个领班侍者拎来满满一大蓝子特大的桃子。The millionaire had a staff
15、of 30 servants.这个富翁有仆从 30 名。In poor countries, live-in servants are present in home not onlyof the wealthy but also of middle-ciass families.在贫穷国家，不仅富裕家庭，而且中等阶级家庭也有常住的佣人。The queen was always surrounded by her attendants.女王身边总有仆从跟随。The attendants went out backwards.随从倒退着出了房间。近义词-Vocal, Oral, Spoken,
16、ColloquialVocal(adj.)-“发声的” 。指拥有发音的能力。Verbal(adj.)-“言辞的”。正式用语。指笔头表达。非正式英语中也表示口头表达。Oral(adj.)-“口语的” 。指口头表达和交流。Spoken(adj.)-“口语的” 。指口头表达和交流，此时与 oral 一词无区别，但 spoken 可以构成复合形容词，表示以一种特定方式讲话。Colloquial(adj.)-“口语的 ”。指普通的、非正式的通俗语言。例:The snake is not a vocal creature.蛇不是发声动物。He was very vocal in his objection
17、s.在反对时他嗓门很大。Lets have oral practice.让我们作口头练习。You had an oral examination, didnt you?你考了口试，是吗？This word is used in spoken language.这个词用于口语。She is a soft-spoken woman.她是一个说话柔和的女人。This is a colloquial expression.这是通俗用语。He studies English colloquial style.他研究口语体的英语。近义词-View, Scenery, Scene, SightView(n.
18、)-“景色” 。普遍用语。指目中所望见的景色。Scenery(n.)-“景色”,“外景”。指一个地方乃至一个国家的整个外景或外貌。Scene(n.)-“景色” 。可与 view 通用，但多包括了其中的人及其活动。Sight(n.)-“光景”。多指人工的事物，比如大建筑史迹等有名的处所。例:There is a fine view of the mountain from our hotel window.从我们旅馆的窗口可以看到秀丽的山景。It was our first view of the ocean.这是我们第一次看见海洋。The scenery of this country is
19、unparalleled.这个国家的风景无与伦比。The train moved slowly south through flat, drab mainline scenery.火车穿过干线两侧风景单调乏味的地区，缓缓地向南驶去。The boats in the harbour make a beautiful scene.港中的船只构成美丽的景色。The scene of sunset was very beautiful.日落的景色是非常美的。We will go and see the sights of New York.我们要去看看纽约的名胜。The Imperial Palace
20、 is one of the sights of China.故宫是中国名胜之一。近义词-Victory, TriumphVictory(n.)-“胜利”,“ 战胜 ”。主要指战争上的胜利，也指竞赛中所获的胜利。Triumph(n.)-“大胜”,“ 凯旋” 。指卓越的，一往无前的胜利或成功。例:The victory is not yet decided.胜败尚未决定。The officers led their men to victory in battle.军官们率领士兵在战斗中取得了胜利。We finally won a diplomatic triumph.我们终于赢得了外交的胜利。
21、Perhaps that was to be my greatest moment of triumph!也许那将会成功之最伟大时刻！Vibrate, Sway, Swing, RockVibrate(v.)-“摇动”,“ 震动 ”。指一种快速而不断的震动。Sway(v.)-“摇动”,“ 摆动” 。指有弹力的东西被压弯后又恢复原位的摆动。Swing(v.)-“摇动”,“ 摆动”。指任何一头固定而另一头活动的动作，也泛指不正规的动作。Rock(v.)-“摇动”,“摆动”。指轻微的摇动，也指剧烈的摇摆。例:The whole house vibrates whenever a heavy lorr
22、y passes.每当重型货车经过时，整个房子都会震颤。Dicks heavy footsteps upstairs make the old house vibrate.迪克在楼上沉重的脚步弄得那旧房子直颤动。The branches of the tree swayed in the wind.树枝迎风摇晃。His resolution swayed after the first failure.在第一次失败之后他的决心就动摇了。The pendulum stopped swinging.钟摆停止了摆动。The lantern hanging overhead swung in the
23、wind.吊在高处的灯在风中摇动。Mother is rocking her baby into sleep.母亲在摇她的婴儿入睡。The earthquake rocks houses.地震使房屋震动。Vest, WaistcoatVest(n.)-“背心”,“ 马甲”。美国用语。Waistcoat(n.)-“背心”,“ 马甲”。英国用语。也用于英国的商业。例:He takes off his coat to reveal a bright red vest.他脱下上衣，露出一件鲜红的马甲。Jimmy is wearing a vest under a coat.吉米在上装里面穿着一件背心。
24、The sleeves of a pale blue waistcoat came only to her elbows.一件淡蓝色马甲的袖子只垂到了她的臂弯处。He left off his waistcoat as soon as he came into the room.他一进屋就脱掉了他的马甲。Vessel, ContainerVessel(n.)-“容器”。指盛装液体的用具。Container(n.)-“容器”。指盛装固体或液体的日常用具。例:A heat exchanger, in a narrow sense, is a vessel.从狭义来说，换热器是一种容器。He beg
25、an putting the sacred vessels away.他开始把供热器收拾起来。I couldnt find my soap container.我找不到我的肥皂盒了。Another thousand metres along the the coast stood the fat silvercontainers at Whitegate.顺海岸再过去 1000 米，在怀特盖特，矗立着一些巨大的银色储油罐。Vertical, UprightVertical(adj.)-“直立的”。指与水平面垂直或大致垂直。Upright(adj.)-“直立的” 。指与一平面大致垂直，强调非倾斜
26、性。可用于比喻。例:Please notice, it is a vertical line.请注意，这是一条垂直线。The cliff rose in a vertical wall from the sea.悬崖峭壁矗立于海面之上。Several columns among the ruins still stood defiantly upright.废墟中几根柱子依然顽强竖立着。He is an upright citizen.他是一位品格端正的公民。Version, TranslationVersion(n.)-“翻译”,“译文”,“译本”。指同一作品的不同译本。Translatio
27、n(n.)-“翻译”,“译文”,“译本”。普通用语。指把作品从一种语言译成另一种语言。例:There are many versions of the Bible.圣经有许多不同的译本。I have never read the King James version of the Bible.我从未读过詹姆士国王钦定的圣经英译本。I have read a Japanese translation of Hamlet.我读过哈姆雷特的日文翻译本。All quotations from Latin texts are given in translation.所有引自拉丁语本的引文都经过翻译。V
28、anquish, Conquer, OvercomeVanquish(v.)-“克服”。指快速 完全 彻底地打败对手，有“胜利已成定局”的意思。只可用于人。Conquer(v.)-“克服”,“征服”。常有控制或占有的含义，但并没有彻底而完全征服的意思。Overcome(v.)-“克服”。普通用语。指克服任何必须克服的东西。例:He vanquished his opponent.他一举打垮了他的对手。The kings army vanquished the rebels.国王的部队一举击败了叛乱者。The Norman conquered England in 1066.诺曼人在 1066
29、年征服英国。Man can conquer nature.人能征服自然。You must overcome your bad habits.你必须克服你的坏习惯。The fire was completely overcome by daybreak.黎明时大火已被完全扑灭。Valuable, PreciousValuable(adj.)-“值钱的”,“有价值的”。指价值巨大, 出售就可得高价;也可表示意义或作用的重大。Precious(adj.)-“贵重的”,“宝贵的”。指因稀罕或来之不易 ,或具有极大价值而非常值钱，有时也指一个人对某件物品特别喜爱。例:Mrs Forester has a
30、 valuable diamond.弗雷斯蒂夫人有一颗贵重钻石。It is a valuable discovery.这是一个有价值的发现。That old toy bear is precious to John.那只旧的玩具熊对约翰来说特别珍贵。She owned many precious jewels.她拥有许多贵重珠宝。Kindle, Fire, Ignite, LightKindle(v.)-“点燃”。强调着火的迟缓和困难。Fire(v.)-“点燃 ”。通常指火的突然爆发。Ignite(v.)-“点燃”。限于用在指通过某种方法使物体升温而迅速或猛烈燃烧。Light(v.)-“点燃”
31、。强调点燃后的结果，如光亮 热力或烟火等。例:This wood is too wet to kindle.这些柴太湿了, 很难点着。The sparks kindled the dry wood.星火燃着了干木。It took several bundles of twigs to fire the logs.点燃这些大块圆木需要好几捆枝材。He fired a baystack.他点燃了一个草堆。An electric spark ignites the petrol in a car engine.电火花点燃了汽车引擎。Petrol ignites very easily.汽油极易点燃。
32、She lighted the lamps.她点着了那些灯。Its time to light up.该开灯了。Kind, Sort, Species, Type, CategoryKind(n.)-“种类”。指同种类的东西。Sort(n.)-“种类 ”。指大体相似的东西, 有时用于贬义判断。Species(n.)-“种类” 。指相同种类的生物。Type(n.)-“种类” 。指不太明确类别的划分，有主观判断之意。Category(n.)-“种类” 。正式用语。指对材料 或图书等进行分析而划分的种类。例:This is the best kind of pen.这是最好的一种钢笔。I can f
33、eel at home in this kind of room.在这样的房间里我感到象在家里一样。What sort of food do you like best?你最喜欢吃什么食物?I will make no attempt of the sort.我不愿做这种事。This is an extinct species of fish.这是一种已经灭绝的鱼。Blackmail is a species of crime which we all hate.恫吓勒索是我们大家憎恨的一种罪行。The horticulturist developed a new type of rose.园
34、艺师培育了玫瑰的一个新品种。Her beauty is of the Italian type.她的美是意大利型的。Put it there, it belongs to that category.把它放在那儿，它属于那一类。Place these books in categories, please.请把这些书分门别类地进行整理。Kill, Assassinate, Execute, Dispatch, Murder, Slay, SlaughterKill(v.)-“杀”，“杀死”。普通用语。指任何一种致死行为。Assassinate(v.)-“暗杀” 。指出于政治目的进行的暗杀行为。
35、Execute(v.)-“处决”。指依据法律，判处死刑。Dispatch(v.)-“杀死”。指采用直接方法，如刺，射击等手段杀死，强调迅速。Murder(v.)-“谋杀”，“ 凶杀”。指非法地 有目的的杀害他人。Slay(v.)-“杀死”，“杀害”。指残酷地打死或用武器杀死。现多用过去分词 slain。Slaughter(v.)-“屠杀”。尤指为肉食而屠杀；还指错杀或残酷地杀死很多人。例:Two people were killed in a car accident.在一次车祸中有两人丧生。The frost killed the flowers.霜把花冻死了。President Kenne
36、dy was assassinated in Dallas in 1963.肯尼迪总统于 1963 年在达拉斯被暗杀。Martin Luther King was assassinated by a white people.马丁路德金是被一个白人暗杀的。Nathan Hale was executed as a spy by the British in 1776.1776 年，内森黑尔被英国人当作间谍处决了。Mussolini was caught by Italian guerrillas on April 27, 1945,while trying to escape to Switz
37、erland and executed after a brieftrial.1945 年 4 月 27 日，墨索里尼试图逃往瑞士时，被意大利游击队抓获，经简短审讯之后，即被处决。The injured horse was dispatched by its owner.受伤的马被他的主人杀死了。The executioner quickly dispatched the condemned man.行刑者迅速将该犯处决了。According to the historians he murdered his rival in cold blood.根据历史学家考证，他蓄意杀死了他的竞争对手。
38、It is said that one person was murdered on the beach.据说一个人在海滩上被谋杀了。The slain man has not yet been identified.被杀的人至今还未被查出身份。He was slain in battle.他战死在沙场。Many cattle and sheep are slaughtered here.这儿屠宰了许多牛羊。Tens of thousands were slaughtered on the battlefields ofMacedonia.成千上万的人在马其顿战场上被杀死了。Keen, Acu
39、te, Penetrating, Sharp, ShrewdKeen(adj.)-“锐利的”。普通用语。一般指刀或尖的锋利。用于比喻时，指看穿一切事物，含有慧眼 耳聪和机敏之意。Acute(adj.)-“尖锐的” 。一般指角的形状。用于比喻时，指思维敏捷。Penetrating(adj.)-“锐利的 ”。强调透过细节调查事物根源的能力。Sharp(adj.)-“锐利的”。普通用语。一般指刀的锋利。用于比喻时，强调有洞察力，有时含不诚实的意味。Shrewd(adj.)-“锐利的”。表示谙于世故，遇事老谋深算，有看穿一切事物内情的能力。例:He is a keen politician.他是个厉害
40、的政治家。Tom keeps a knife with a keen edge.汤姆有一把锋利的小刀。He is an acute observer.他是一个敏锐的观察家。This is not a right angle, but an acute one.这不是直角，而是锐角。The professor gave us a penetrating analysis of the play.教授给我们作了一次深刻的剧本分析。Premier Zhou has an extremely penetrating mind.周总理头脑异常敏锐。The knife is not sharp enoug
41、h and need grinding.这刀不快，需要磨了。I have a sharp mind for figures.我头脑聪明，善于计算。He is too shrewd to trust in bussiness matters.他在商业事务上太精明了，不能信赖。He is a shrewd politician.他是个精明的政客。Jump, Leap, Skip, SpringJump(v.)-“跳”，“跃” 。普通用语。泛指从地面跳起，或从一平面跳下。Leap(v.)-“跳起”，“跳跃”。指连跑带跳，有姿势轻快 活泼和优美之意。是书面语。Skip(v.)-“跳”，“跃” 。指轻快
42、灵巧的跳跃，比如孩子们或小动物的欢蹦乱跳。Spring(v.)-“跳”，“ 跃”。指有力和有弹性的突然跳跃。例:They jumped for joy when they heard the news.他们听到这消息，高兴得跳了起来。It is dangerous to jump off a moving train.火车在行驶时跳下来是很危险的。They leaped lightly over the stream.他们轻捷地跳过了小溪。The young deer were leaping about in the meadow.小鹿在草地上到处跳跃。Girls like to skip
43、rope.女孩喜欢跳绳。Lamps like to skip across the meadow.小羊喜欢在草地上欢蹦乱跳。A boy sprang from his seat.一个男孩突然从座位上跳了起来。He sprang out of bed when the alarm went off.听到警铃响，他从床上跳下来。Journey, Excursion, Expedition, Tour, Trip, Travel, VoyageJourney(n.)-“旅行”,“旅程”。普通用语，指陆地上的远程旅行。Excursion(n.)-“旅行”。较正式，指海上或陆地上的短期外出。Expedi
44、tion(n.)-“旅行” 。指为某一特定目的而组织的艰巨而危险的远征。Tour(n.)-“周游 ”。指途中在许多地方作短暂停留的观光游览。Trip(n.)-“旅行”。指来往有定的短距离旅行,强调在路上所花的时间和所走的路程。Travel(n.)-“旅行”。惯用复数形式。泛指旅行各地,表示旅行的路途远,时间长。Voyage(n.)-“旅行”。常指距离较长的海上旅行, 也可指太空旅行。例:At first I was afraid the long journey would be too much for her.起初我担心她不能行这样远的路。I wish you a good journey
45、.(祝你)一路平安。The family made a weekend excursion to a camp ground.全家周末去宿营地旅行。The whole excursion took ten hours.整个短途旅游花了十个小时。My brother was once a member of the mount Everest Expedition.我弟弟曾是珠穆朗玛峰登山队的队员。Our country has sent several parties of people on an expedition toAntarctic.我国已派了几队人到南极探险。We went on
46、 a guided tour of Italy that included stops atMilan,Venice,Florence and Rome.我们在导游的带领下游览了意大利, 包括米兰 ,威尼斯,佛罗伦萨和罗马。They are now making a bridal tour.他们正在新婚旅行。I go to work by train, and the trip takes 40 minutes.我坐火车上班, 路上花 40 分钟。I cant afford a trip to Europe.我负担不起去欧洲旅游的费用。This trip was cancelled becau
47、se of the snowstorm.因为暴风雪, 旅行取消了。The travels of Marco Polo is one of the most interesting books thatI have ever read.马可波罗的游记是我生平读过的最有意思的一本书。Is he back from his travels yet?他游历回来了吗?He made a long ocean voyage to Africa.他远航去了非洲。We made a rough voyage from London to Australia.我们作了一次从伦敦至澳大利亚的艰苦航行。Jail,
48、PrisonJail(n.)-“监狱 ”。英国的拼法为 goal。在英国指民事监狱,在美国指收容犯有轻罪的人或未经判决的人的收容所 看守所等;现在也指监狱。Prison(n.)-“监狱”。指大型的监狱。是指监禁判刑的罪犯 等待受审的嫌疑犯 俘虏等的地方。例:They have Birdsong in jail.他们把伯德押在牢里。The court committed a prisoner to jail.该法庭将罪犯投入监狱。The thief was sent to prison for a year.那个小偷被判处一年监禁。He came out of prison.他出狱了。Utter
49、, Express, ronounceUtter(v.)-“说出 ”。指发出任何听得见的声音。强调发出的声音具有突然性和爆发性。Express(v.)-“说出”。指用语言表达自己的思想或感情。Pronounce(v.)-“说出”，“ 发音”。可表示人的发音，或具有发音能力；在正式场合中，指宣读 宣判等。例:She uttered a scream of terror when she saw a snake.当她看见一条蛇时, 发出了一声害怕的尖叫。The old man uttered a sigh in the dark room.在漆黑的屋子里老人发出一声叹息。It can not be expressed by words.无法用语言来表达它(不可言传)。Can you express yourself in Englis
