1、英语语言学试卷（一）I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%) 1.Saussures distinction and Chomskys are very similar, but they differ in that _. A. Saussure took
2、a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view D. Saussure took a structural v
3、iew of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view 2. Language is a system of _ vocal symbols used for human communication.A. unnatural B. artificial C. superficial D. arbitrary3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _. A. and the details of any language system are genetically
4、 transmitted B. therefore, we neednt learn the details of our mother tongue C. but the details of language have to be learnt. D. and the details are acquired by instinct 4. A(n)_ is a phonological unit of distinctive value. It is a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A. phone B. allophone C.
5、 phoneme D. sound5. The morpheme ed in the word “worked” is a (n) _ morpheme.A. derivational B. inflectional C. free D. word-forming6. WH-movement is _ in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.A. obligatory B. optional C. selectional D. arbitrary7. Naming theory, one of
6、the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by _.A. Grice B. Plato C. Saussure D. Ogden and Richards8. “John married a blond heiress.”_ “John married a blond.”A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails D. presupposes9. In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is calle
7、d _, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.A. utterance B. reference C. predication D. morpheme10. In Austins speech act theory, _ is the act of expressing the speakers intention; it is the act performed in saying something.A. a perlocutionary act B. a locutionary act C. a constative
8、 act D. an illocutionary actII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%X10=10%) 11. P_ relates the study
9、of language to psychology. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language. 12. A d_ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time. 13. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structu
10、res, or two levels. At the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level. This design feature is called d_. 14. The articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas: the pharynge
11、al cavity, the o_ cavity and the nasal cavity. 15. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called l_. 16. S_ features such as stress, tone and intonation can influence the interpretation of meaning. 17. Phrase structure rules can generate an
12、infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length, due to their r_ properties. 18. H_ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. 19. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families
13、 of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p_, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist. 20. In Sociolinguistics, speakers are treated as members of social groups. The social group isolated for any given study is called the speech c_. III. Dire
14、ctions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%X10=20%) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation. ( )22. Langu
15、age is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to. ( )23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language. ( )24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is
16、especially important in English because English, unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language. ( )25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend. ( )26. When we think
17、 of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our minds eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol. ( )27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.” ( )28. Two people who are born and br
18、ought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors. ( ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to Standard English because Black English is not as systematic as Standard English. ( )30. Any child who is capable of acquiring
19、 some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly. ( )IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%X10=30%) 31. Parole 32. Broad transcription 33. Allophones 34. Phrase structure rules 35. Context 36. Historical Linguistics 37. Standard lang
20、uage 38. Linguistic taboo 39. Acculturation 40. care-taker speech: V. Answer the following questions. (10%X2=20%) 41. Enumerate three causes that lead to the systematic occurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples. 42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its
21、Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next. 第二部分 非选择题 II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already give
22、n as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%X10=10%) 11. Psycholinguistics 12. diachronic 13. duality 14. oral 15. lateralization 16. Suprasegmental 17. recursive 18. Homonymy 19. protolanguage 20. community III. Directions: Judge w
23、hether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%X10=20%) (T) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation. (T) 22. Language is arb
24、itrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to. (F) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language. (F) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especial
25、ly important in English because English, unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language. (T) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend. (F) 26. When we think of a
26、concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our minds eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol. (F) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.” (T) 28. Two people who are born and brough
27、t up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors. (F) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic as standard English. (T) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring so
28、me particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%X10=30%) 31. parole: It refers to the realization of langue in actual use. It is concrete and varies with context. 32. Broad transcription is the tr
29、anscription with letter symbols only. It is the transcription normally used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks. 33. Allophones are the different phones that represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments. 34. Phrase structure rules are the rewrite rules which allow for the possible combi
30、nation of words to form phrases and sentences. 35. Context is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer. 36. Historical linguistics studies language change ( or historical development of language). 37. Standard language is a superposed, socially presti
31、gious dialect of language. It is the language employed by the government and the judiciary system, used by the mass media and taught in educational institutions. 38. Linguistic taboo refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society from general use. 39. Acculturation is a pr
32、ocess of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language community. 40. It is simple and modified speech used by parents, baby-sitter, etc. when they talk to young children who are acquiring their native language. V. Answer the following questions. (10%X2=20%) 41. Enumerate three cau
33、ses that lead to the systematic occurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples. 1) Mother tongue interference 2) interlingual interference 3) Overgeneralization 42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods in its hist
34、orical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next. Major periods: Old English (449-1100) Middle English (1100-1500) Modern English (1500-present) Historical events: The old English period began with the invasion of the British Isles by English
35、-speaking Anglo-Saxons from Europe, and ended with the arrival of Norman French invaders historically known as the Norman Conquest. The Middle English period is distinguished from the Old English period by the Norman Conquest. The European renaissance movement marked the beginning of the Modern Engl
36、ish period. 英语语言学试卷（二）I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%10=20%) 1. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use,
37、and not to lay down rules for “correct“ linguistic behavior, it is said to be _.A. prescriptive B. sociolinguistic C. descriptive D. psycholinguistic 2. Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible.A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords 3. The morpheme “vision“ in the common word “tel
38、evision“ is a(n) _.A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme 4. A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinator B. particle C. preposition D. subordinator 5.“Can I borrow your bike?“ _ “You have a bike.“A、
39、is synonymous with B、 is inconsistent withC、 entails D、 presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _.A、 semantics B、 pragmatics C、 sociolinguistics D、 psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as
40、analogical changes, which are _ or generalization.A、 elaboration B、 simplification C、 external borrowing D、 internal borrowing8、_ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A、 Lingua franca B、 Creole C、 Pidgin D、 Standa
41、rd language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, _ .A、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and the angular gyrusB、 Brocas area,
42、 Wernickes area and cerebral cortexC、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and neuronsD、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and Exners area 10、According to Krashen, _ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A、 learni
43、ng B、 competence C、 performance D、 acquisitionII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%10=10%) 11、Choms
44、ky defines “competence“ as the ideal users k_ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b_ . 13、M_ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s_ is a struct
45、urally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c_ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_ is to commit the speaker to somethings being the case, to t
46、he truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c_. 18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+ishes), Black English can d_ the form of “be“. 19、The basic essentials of the first language a
47、re acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c_ period for first language acquisition. 20、As a type of linguistic system in L2 learning, i_ is a product of L2 training, mother tongue interference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and
48、 communicative strategies of the learner. III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%10=20%) 21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. ()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes mean
