1、The Attributive Clause定语从句（2）,定义：在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：连接主句与定语从句的连接词，充当一定成分。,Attributive clause（定语从句）,定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。,定 语 从 句 的 引 导 词,关系 代词,关系 副词,指人,指物,who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)， that(主语、宾语), whose(定语),that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语) whose(定语),where (地点),when (时间),why (原因),关系代词 as 的用法
2、,as 引导的定语从句位置灵活，可前可后可中间，意思为：正如、,2、如果从句放在主句后，可用as也可以用which.He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural.She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is.Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before.,1.从句在主句前，如：,As we all know, his parents were killed in the war.,As we all know, the ea
3、rth is round.,3、从句放中间Im very interested in, as you know, novels and comic books.,4.用于the sameas,suchas，asas, soas 短语句型中。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.,5.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如”之意，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。,He won the m
4、atch, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.The police were looking for him, as he thought.,Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.,1. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。 e.g. She has been late again, as was expected.Tom ha
5、s made great progress, which made us happy.,2.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.,a. He cheated his friend of mach money, which was very disgraceful. b. He came back late, which made his mother worried.,难点：as与which引导的定语从句的区别,只用that的情况,that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。,当先行词为all, much, lit
6、tle, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如：a. All that can be done has been done.b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender., 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时：,Ive read all the books (that) you
7、 gave me.,先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.,This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.,先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。,That white flower is the only one (that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find., 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这
8、个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：,He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.,先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。,Who is the person that is standing at the gate? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? What that is on the table
9、belongs to me?, 当关系代词在从句中作表语时：,Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.,关系副词的用法,1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。,I will never forget the days (_ I stayed with you).,when,_,_,Jurassic Park is about a park _ (a very rich man keeps dif
10、ferent Kinds of dinosaurs).,_,_,where,1958 was the year _ (Spielberg made his first real film).,_,_,Please give me the reason _ (you made such a great success).,_,_,when,why,Morning is the best time _ (you practise reading aloud).,_,_,when,Do you remember the lake _ (you first met your girlfriend.）,
11、_,_,where,2、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。,Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).,where,October 1st is the day _ ( new China was founded).,when,The window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.,Whichthat,The meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.,W
12、hichthat,关系副词的用法,关系副词和先行词的关系,I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.I dont like the way that you speak.,on the day =when,in the house= where,for the reasons =why,in the way =that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,关系副词when, whe
13、re, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。 eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born.2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he ha
14、vent come today.4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.,关系代词前介词的确定,关系代词前介词的确定,如何选定介词:,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3.
15、根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.,4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如： e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.,5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.,The
16、y lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.,关系代词前介词的确定,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visit
17、ed ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when /in which,which,where/ in which,which,why/ for which,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况 2,The man who/who
18、m you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况 4,Is this the watch that
19、 you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,定语从句复习,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.,Teachers who are kind
20、 are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,Please compare:,插入成分,修饰限定,补充解释,不能,能,.的,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, i
21、s beautiful.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确， 所以不能省略,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.,4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them, that,1.I am reading Ha
22、rry Porter, _is an interesting book.,which,as 引导的非限制性定语从句,The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.,It,which / as,As,It,as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： as you know/ as you see/as we planned/ as
23、 we expected,定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的非限制性定语从句 (1),This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.,Please compare:,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2),This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences and compare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which 做关系代词的情况,在介词后面,Bye bye! Bye bye!,
