1、固定化水管理分配模式水资源的分配是一种利益分配，既可以通过市场也可以通过非市场来解决，但单独哪一种方式都不能有效解决，水资源的配置方案不仅仅需要技术上、经济上的可行性，更重要的是政治上的可行性。The allocation of water resources is a kind of profit distribution, either through market can also be addressed by non-market, but which kind of way can effectively solve alone, the configuration scheme
2、of water resources not only need technical and economic feasibility, more important is the political feasibility. 绝大多数用水是多样化用水，又可分为农业用水和非农业用水，其中农业用水是总用水的主要组成部分，1996 年我国农业用水在总用水中的比重高达 87。Most is diversity in the use of water, and can be divided into agricultural and non-agricultural in the use of wat
3、er, including agricultural water is the main part of total water use water in the proportion of total water use in agriculture in our country in 1996 as high as 87%. http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/通过对流域水资源配置的经济机制和利益机制，我们提出水资源配置的第三种思路，即引入准市场的思路。我们建议积极引入既不同于传统“指令配置” 也不同于“完全市场”的 “准市场”，准市场的实施由“ 政治民主协商制度” 和
4、“利益 补偿机制 ”等辅助机制来保障，以协调地方利益分配，达到同时兼顾优化流域水资源配置的效率目标和缩小地区差距、保障农民利益的公平目标。Through the economic mechanism and interest mechanism of river basin water resources allocation, we put forward a water resources allocation in the third kind of thinking, namely to introduce prospective market. We suggest to intro
5、duce both different from the traditional “command configuration“ is different from “full market“ “quasi-market“, the implementation of the accurate market by “political democratic consultation system“ and “benefit compensation mechanism“ and so on auxiliary mechanism to safeguard, to coordinate the
6、distribution of local interests, achieve both optimization of river basin water resources allocation efficiency and narrow the gap between regions, safeguard the interests of the farmers fair target. 流域统一管理应和“准市场” 、“地方政治民主协商”有机结合，通过不断的制度创新和制度变迁，形成比较成熟有效的新的流域水分配、水管理模式，并逐步以法律法规的形式固定化。建立水市场的思路。主要着眼于建立合
7、理的水分配利益调节机制， 吊车以产权改革为突破口，建立合理的水权分配和市场交易经济管理模式，政府通过对交易市场的干预而不是通过行政命令的形式来保证全流域水资源的合理分配和利用，建立由价格制度、保障市场运作的法律制度为基础的水管理机制。Unified management of river basin should be “quasi-market“, “local political democratic consultation“ organic combination, through constant innovation and institutional change, form a
8、 more mature and effective new management model of river basin water allocation, water, and gradually immobilized in the form of laws and regulations. Establishing water market. Mainly focus on establishing the reasonable water distribution benefit regulating mechanism, property right reform as brea
9、kthrough, establishing reasonable water rights allocation and market economic management mode, the government intervention of market http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/rather than by executive order form to ensure that the river basin water resources reasonable allocation and use, set up by a price system,
10、security market operation mechanism of legal system on the basis of water management. 这种思路把水资源当作一种商品，通过界定清晰的产权，利用市场加以配置，从利益机制出发建立流域“激励相容”的水管理机制（刘文强，1999）。 这是一种非常有价值思路，但是在草莓苗转型期现实条件下，跨区域水资源完全市场化的配置方式在经济上可行，在上不可行，所以在实际中难以施行。This line of thinking take water as a commodity, by defining the property righ
11、ts clearly, use market configuration, starting from the benefit mechanism establishing river basin water management mechanism of “incentive compatibility“ (LiuWenJiang, 1999). Thinking this is a very valuable, but under the condition of transition reality, fully market-oriented allocation of water resources to different regions way economically feasible, is not workable, so difficult to implement in practice.
