1、十三、定语从句 （一）关系代词引导的定语从句 熟读深思定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词的后 面，这个名词叫作先行词；连接主从句的词叫关 系词，关系词有三个作用：一是连接主句与从 句；二是指代先行词；三是在从句中充当句子成 分。选择关系词的两条重要依据是：先行词是人 还是物？在从句中作何种句子成分？,熟读下列句子，思考画线部分中关系词的用法。 1.This is the man who helped me yesterday.这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。（作主语） 2.The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming.你要见的老师来了。（作
2、see的宾语，可以省略） 3.I met a boy whose father was an astronaut.我遇到一位男孩，他的父亲是宇航员。（作定语） 4.I like the book which/that was bought yesterday.我喜欢昨天买的那本书。,5.This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。（作visited的宾语，可以省略） 6.He has a book whose cover(=the cover of which) is very beautiful.他
3、有一本封面非常漂亮的书。 7.Last night I saw a very good film,which(不用that) was about the Second World War.昨晚我看到了一部非常优秀的影片，这部影片 是关于二战的。,8.Charles Smith,who(不用that) was my former teacher,retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 9.We must help those who(不用that) need help.我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人。 10.All that(不用which) can be d
4、one has been done.能做的都已经做了。,11.This is the best method that(不用which) has been used against pollution.这是用来防止污染的最好办法。 12.They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in.他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。,归纳总结 1.先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose;先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which
5、或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which,who,whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。 2.在非限制性定语从句中，或者当先行词是指人的those,anyone,everyone,people,he,all,few,one(s)等时，通常不用that引导。,3.以下情况下只能用或多用that：（1）当先行词是指物的all,little,few,much,any,anything,everything,nothing,none,the one时，或先行词被all,little,few,much,any,every,no等修饰时。（2）先行词是序数词或形容词最高级时，或者先行
6、词被序数词（包括last,next）、形容词最高级及the only,the very等修饰时。（3）先行词包括人和物时。,（二）关系副词引导的定语从句 熟读深思 下列句子的画线部分为定语从句，请熟读并理解其意思： 1.The time when (=at which) I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。 2.The school where(=at/in which) I studied for only two years was 3 k
7、ilometers away.我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。,3.The reason why(=for which) he was late was that he missed his train.他迟到是因为误了火车。 4.Dont forget the time (that/which) Ive told you.别忘了我告诉你的时间。 5.The earthquake was felt in Beijing,which is more than one hundred kilometers away.100公里以外的北京市都感到了地震。,6.The room whose wi
8、ndow faces south is mine.那间窗子朝南开的房间是我的。 7.This is the reason (that/which) he explained to us.这就是他向我们解释的理由。,归纳总结 1.当先行词表示时间、地点、原因（且只能是reason），且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时，就分别用when,where,why来引导定语从句。 2.when,where,why一般可用“介词+which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。 3.如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或者定语，即尽管先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的，但它们在定语从句中不是作状
9、语，而是作主语、宾语或定语时，也不能用关系副词（when,where,why），而要用关系代词。,（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 熟读深思 下列句子都含有“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，请熟读并思考：直接在介词后，用什么样的关系代词？如何选用介词？ 1.Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert,at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?你是否曾梦想过在音乐会上面对成千上万的观众演唱，观众因欣赏你的歌
10、唱而为你鼓掌？,2.They may start as a group of high-school students,for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame.他们开始可能是一组中学生，在某个人家里排练音乐是成名的第一步。 3.Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs,for which they are paid in cash.后来，他们可能在酒吧或者俱乐部里演出，这样他们可以得到现金。,4.The musicians w
11、ere to play jokes on each other as well as play music,most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。,归纳总结 1.介词+关系代词“of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、数词等。 2.关系代词前介词的确定(1)根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?那是你经常为它写文章的报纸吗？,(2)根据从
12、句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配。Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I am not sure？你能向我解释一下怎么样运用这些我不把握的习语吗？(3)根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。1949 was the year in which the PRC was founded.1949年是中华人民共和国成立的那一年。,(4)非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分 时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构。 There are 50 students in our class,two- thirds of whom ha
13、ve been to Beijing. 我们班有五十位学生，其中三分之二的学生去过 北京。 (5)whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”结构。They live in a house,whose door opens to the south. They live in a house,of which the door opens to the south. They live in a house,the door of which opens to the south. 他们住的是一座门朝南开的房子。,（四）非限制性定语从句 熟读深思 下列句子都含有which/as引导的定语从句,请熟
14、读并思考:什么情况下用as/which? 1.David,as you know,is a photographer.戴维是个摄影师，你是知道的。（不可用which） 2.Li Ming is late,as is often the case.李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。（不可用which） 3.Li Ming was late,which(=and this) made Mr.Zhang very angry.李明迟到了，这件事使张先生非常生气。（不可用as） 4.He married her,which was unexpected.他和她结婚了，这是出乎意料的。（不可用as）,归纳总
15、结 1.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，都可用来代替整个主句或主句中的一部分内容，有时两者可以互换。He failed once more in the match,which/as was a great pity.他在比赛中又一次失败了，这太让人遗憾了。 2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后；但是which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。,3.当从句谓语动词是be announced/expected/known/said等被动形式或usually happen/be often the case等表示主句的
16、习惯性或司空见惯之意时常用as。As is announced in todays papers,all the schools will reopen on September 1st.正如今天的报纸报道的那样，所有的学校都将在九月一日重新开学。,4.当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或谓语后跟的是 一个复合宾语结构时，一般用which而不用as。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,which,of course,made the others unhappy.多萝西总是大加赞扬她在剧中所扮演的角色， 当然，这使其他的
17、人很不高兴。【点金】（1）as作关系代词时，在其所引导的限制性定语从句中既可作主语、宾语，又可作表语。,（2）as多与such,the same连用，它代替的先行词既可以是人，也可以是整个句子。（3）在the same.as结构中，as表示的是同一 类，指同类异物；在the same.that结构中，that表示的是同一个，指同类同物。,试题精选 1.The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that far away village.A.until B.thatC.when D.where解析 因为先行
18、词hours为表示时间的名词，且从句中不缺少主、宾语，所以用when在从句中作状语。,C,2.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he was born.A.which B.thatC.where D.when解析 本题考查关系副词where在定语从句中的用法。先行词the small town表示地点，在定语从句中作状语，故选用where。,C,3.This is the hotel last month.A.which they stayedB.at that they stayedC.wh
19、ere they stayed atD.where they stayed解析 where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。,D,4.Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.which B.thatC.when D.on which解析 分析句子知：定语从句中缺少时间状语，且先行词为时间名词，故用关系副词when。,C,5.That is the day Ill never forget.A.which B.on whichC.in which D.when解析 which是关系代词，在从句中作f
20、orget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。,A,6.I have bought two ballpoints, writes well.A.none of them B.neither of themC.neither of which D.none of which解析 因为是two ballpoints,并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念，因此C项为正确选项。,C,7.Is some German friends visited last week?A.this school B.this the schoolC.this school one D.this school wher
21、e解析 为了便于理解，改写本句话为：This is the school that some German friends visited last week.不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其他选项结构不对。,B,8.This is one of the best films .A.that have been shown this yearB.that have shownC.that has been shown this yearD.that you talked解析 本句话的先行词应该是f
22、ilms,因此，关系代词that是复数概念，其谓语动词应用复数的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词，这时就应选C项。,A,9.Can you lend me the book the other day?A.about which you talkedB.which you talkedC.about that you talkedD.that you talked解析 “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。,A,10.The pen he is
23、writing is mine.A.with which B.with thatC.on which D.by which解析 with which是“介词+关系代词”结构，常用来引导定语从句。with有“用”的意思，介词之后只能用which,不能用that。with which在定语从句中作状语，即he is writing with a pen。,A,11.They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of sat a small boy.A.whom B.whoC.which D.that解析 in front of which即：in front of a
24、farmhouse。in front of which在从句中作状语。,C,12.The engineer my father works is about 50 years old.A.to whom B.on whomC.with which D.with whom解析 with whom引导定语从句。with whom放在从句中即为：my father works with the engineer。,D,13.Is there anyone in your class family is in the country?A.who B.whosC.which D.whose解析 whos
25、e引导定语从句，在从句中作主语family的定语。,D,14.Im interested in you have said.A.all that B.all whatC.that D.which解析 本题考查定语从句的引导词。因为先行词是all，在从句中作say的宾语，所以只能选用that引导。,A,15.He is good at English, we all know.A.that B.asC.whom D.what解析 as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的内容。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主
26、句前。在本句中，as作宾语。,B,16.Li Ming, to the concert,enjoyed it very much.A.I went with B.with whom I wentC.with who I went D.I went with him解析 Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句，with whom I went to the concert是定语从句。with whom放在从句中为：I went to the concert with Li Ming。,B,17.He talked a lot about things and person
27、s they remembered in the school.A.which B.thatC.whom D.what解析 things和persons是先行词。当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既有表示人，又有表示物的名词时，其关系代词要用that。,B,18.The letter is from my sister, is working in Beijing.A.which B.thatC.whom D.who解析 who引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。 19.In our factory there are 2,000 workers,two thirds of are women.A.them B.which C.whom D.who解析 two thirds of whom即：two thirds of the 2,000 workers。,D,C,返回,
