1、初三英语横向总复习 时态,过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时,一、过去将来时,1、构成过去将来时由should/would加动词原形构成，should限于第一人称，would用于各种人称；一般情况下也可用was/were going to 加动词原形来表示。,一、过去将来时,2、用法 （1）表示从过去某一时间来看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 ex：他问我是不是将同他一块去。He asked me if I would/should go with him.,一、过去将来时,（2）go, come, leave, arrive等可用过去进行时表示过去将来时间。 ex：吉姆说星期天他来参加安的生
2、日聚会。 Jim said he was coming to Anns birthday party on Sunday.,（3）should还可以做“应该”讲；would表示婉转语气时，与过去将来时无关。ex：1、你应该在课前擦黑板。 You should clean the blackboard before class.2、你想要一瓶橙汁吗？ Would you like a bottle of orange juice?,练习：,1、Amy说她会在下个暑假参观长城。Amy said she would visit the Great Wall next summer holiday.
3、2、他说他第二天去巴黎。He said he would leave for Paris the next day. 3、我不知道她会不会把真相告诉他。I didnt know whether/if she was going to tell him the truth.,练习：,4、她说飞机会在第二天早上五点起飞。 She said the plane would take off at five the next morning. 5、他告诉我晚上将有一场足球赛。 He told me there was going to be a football match that evening.
4、,二、现在完成时,1、结构：现在完成时由 have/has +done构成,二、现在完成时,2、用法 （1）表示过去发生的某个动作对现在产生的结果或影响。常与already，yet，just，ever，never，today，recently，twice等连用。,ex：我已经完成了我的作业，而他还没有。I have already finished my homework, but he hasnt yet.,(2)表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。常与for加表示一段时间或since加表示一个时间点的时间状语连用，或与since引导的时间状语从句连用（该用法限于可持续性动词）。不可持
5、续性动词不能与for/since引导的时间状语从句连用，不过他们现在完成时的否定形式可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。,ex： 1、这部电影已经开演了五分钟。The film has been on for five minutes. 2、他有两星期没来。He hasnt been here for two weeks.,点动词与可持续行动词间的转换,1、start/begin 2、open 3、go/leave 4、finish 5、die 6、come/arrive 7、join 8、buy 9、borrow 10、get up,be on be open be away be over be
6、 dead be here be in/be a member of have keep be up,二、现在完成时,（3）现在完成时的特殊用法：have been to 到过某地，have gone to 到某地去了，have been in/at 呆在某地。,ex：1、他去过香港。 He has been to Hong Kong.2、他去香港了。 He has gone to Hong Kong.3、她在香港呆了两年多了。She has been in Hong Kong for over two years.,3、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时和一般过去时中发生的动作虽然都是
7、在过去发生的，但是现在完成时强调的是已发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果；一般过去时侧重于陈述一件过去发生的事情，不强调对现在产生的影响。,Ex：1、他已经说服他的朋友改掉坏习惯。 He has persuaded his friend to give up the bad habits.2、他说服过他的朋友改掉坏习惯。 He persuaded his friend to give up the bad habits.,练习：,1、我刚刚弄丢了我的化学书。 I have just lost my chemistry book. 2、我以前从没去过那个农场。 I have never be
8、en to that farm before. 3、他已经吃过午饭了。 He has already had lunch. 4、我哥哥还没回来。 My brother hasnt come back yet.,5、我来到这个学校已经两年多了。I have been in this school for over two years. 6、这个老师教我们已经五年了。This teacher has taught us for five years.,三、过去完成时,1、构成过去完成时由had +done 构成往往发生在另一个过去的动作之前，或者跟before或by（the end of）等引导的
9、时间状语连用,三、过去完成时,2、用法 （1）表示过去某一时间或动作前已经发生或完成的动作，即：“过去的过去”。例：当我到车站的时候，火车已经开走了。When I got to the station, the train had left.,三、过去完成时,（2）表示过去某一时间持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，往往与for加一段时间或since加时间点或以since引导的从句连用。例：他说他有两个小时没离开过办公室。He said he hadnt left the office for two hours.,三、过去完成时,（3）由before，after，as soon as等引导的从句
10、所表示的动作与主句的动作前后紧接时，由于连词本身已经说明了两个动作的先后关系，所以可用一般过去时，也可用过去完成时。例：昨晚我做完作业后看了电视。After I had finished my homework, I watched TV last night.,练习：,1、我到之前，你干了什么？What had you done before I arrived? 2、昨天六点前我就写完了作业。I had finished my homework before six yesterday. 3、直到上月底他们还没完成工作。They hadnt finished the work by the end of last month.,练习,4、我们考完试之后放了个长假。After we had had our tests, we had a long holiday. 5、他到机场之前飞机起飞了么？Had the plane taken off before he got to the airport? 6、到上个月末他已经当了十年的教师。He had been a teacher for ten years by the end of last month.,
