1、【中考英语语法汇总】名词语法讲解(一)名词概述名词用来表示人或事物的名称。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有单复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能与不定冠词连用。在考试命题中,主要是考察可数、不可数名词的区分,以及量词修饰的使用。考试的题型主要是选择题和词性转换。另外,名词的所有格也是重要的考查部分,主要是区分s 和 of 的用法。(二)基础知识梳理1. 名词复数形式的构成1)规则变化(1 )一般名词后面加 s。如:month-months ,bird-birds。(2 )以 s,ss ,x ,ch,sh 结尾的名词,后面加 es。如:bus-b
2、uses ,boss-bosses ,box-boxes,match-matches,brush-brushes。(3 )以 o 结尾的名词,有的加 es,如:patato-patatoes,mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes;有的加 s,如:radio-radios,zoo-zoos,piano-pianos。(4 )以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i 再加 es。如:factory-factories ,city-cities。以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词,直接加 s,如:toy-toys,day-days。(5 )以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,变 f 或
3、 fe 为 v 再加 es。如:knife-knives,wolf-wolves (例外:roof-roofs,chief-chiefs) ,scarf-scarfs 或 scarves。2)不规则变化(1 )改元音字母,构成复数。如:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,fisherman-fishermen,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice(例外:German-Germans,walkman-walkmans,human-humans) 。(2 )单复数形式一样。如:sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese
4、,deer-deer,fish-fish。(3 )词尾变化。如:child-children。(4 )只有复数形式,无单数形式的名词。如;clothes ,trousers,glasses,shoes。(5 )以 man 和 woman 构成的复合名词变复数时,要采用双复数形式。如:man tourist-men tourists,woman teacher-womenteachers。2. 名词的数量表达可数名词:用数词直接修饰,如:one book,three watches,200 years;与量词连用,量词与所修饰名词都要用复数形式,如:three pairs of shoes,hu
5、ndreds of years;与模糊数量词连用,如:a few relatives,some people,many boys,a lot of/lots of computers,a large number ofstudents。不可数名词:与量词连用,量词有复数形式,而不可数名词不能有复数形式。如:two loaves of bread,a bottle of water;与模糊量词连用,如: some work,a little milk,much advice/time/money,a lot of/lots of news,a large amount of informatio
6、n。模糊数量词修饰可数名词,有如下几个:many,a few,few,a large number of。模糊数量词修饰不可数名词,有如下几个:much,a little,little,huge amounts of,a great deal of。模糊数量词既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,有如下几个:some,any ,a lot of, lots of,plenty of,enough。3. 名词所有格1)表示有生命的名词所有格(1 )单数名词加s,如:Peters bag。(2 )词尾有 s 或 es 的复数名词加 “”,如:the teachers office。(3 )不以
7、s 或 es 结尾的复数名词后仍加 “s”,如:Childrens Day。(4 )表示时间、距离,如:todays newspaper,two hours walk。2)表示无生命的名词所有格,用 of+名词所有格,如:thefront gate of the City Hall,a map of China。3)表示有生命的名词所有格,也可用 of+名词所有格,如:afriend of mine,a book of janes,a friend of Marys sisters。【注意】Peter and Marys desk 表示“ 彼得和玛丽合用的桌子”Peters and Marys
8、 desks 表示“彼得和玛丽各自的桌子”中考英语名词经典例题练习(1)名词语法经典例题1. Tomorrow Im going to my_. Its a _.A aunt.five minutes walk B aunts.five minutes walkC aunt.five minutes walk D aunts.five minutes walk2. A computer is one of the greatest _ in this century.A inventors B inventions C invitations D invention3. We havent _
9、 homework to do today.A many B a lot of C few D much4. Mr. Black is a teacher full of _.Yesterday he told us his _ inthe U.S.A experience.experience B experiences.experiencesC experience.experiences D experiences.experience5. Three hours _ enough for a _ boy to read books.A is.ten-year-old B are.ten
10、-year-oldC is.ten-years-old D are.ten-years-old6. _that pair of new _ expensive?A Is.shoe B Are.shoeC Is.shoes D Are.shoes7. Linda, Ive bought many_. Now lets make the birthday cake.A fresh eggs B chocolate milkC frozen food D rice dumplings8. The two _ are my_.A womans doctors.girls friends B women
11、 doctors.girls friendsC woman doctors.girl friends D women doctors.girl friends9. Mr. Lin often gives us _ by e-mail.A some good information B some good informationsC good informations D a good information10. These are _ houses.A Wang and my uncle B the Wangs and my unclesC the Wangs and my uncle D
12、the Wangs and my uncles11. People waste _ water every day.A a large number of B a huge amount ofC many D quite a lot12. They tended(照顾)_,and buried(埋葬)_.A wounded.dead B the wounded.deadC the wounded.the dead D wounded.the dead13. We are_.They are_.A Chinese.Germen B Chinese.GermanC Chinese.Germany
13、D Chinese.Germans14.Did you have a lot of _ last weekend?A funny B funnies C fun D funs15. Which is wrong?_A How many cartons of milk are there on the tables?B How much carton of milk is there on the table?C How many cartons are there on the table?D How much milk is there on the table?答案及解析1【解析】 答案是
14、 D。在表达五分钟的路程时用名词所有格,虽然时间属于无生命但表达时间、距离、国家所有格时就用s 或 s形式,又因为五分钟的表达为 fiveminutes 是复数,它的所有格只要后面加就可以了,那么排除 B,C 答案,根据题意“我要去舅妈家” 而不是“去舅妈”,因此又排除 A。2【解析】 答案是 B。上面四个选项中, A 是发明家,C 是请帖,从句意看不对。由于句中有 oneof.结构,可以判断出空格中要填名词的复数形式,这样就否定了 D。因此,本题答案为 B。3【解析】 答案是 D。much 修饰不可数名词,many 和 few 修饰可数名词,a lotof 即可修饰不可数名词也可修饰可数名词
15、。homework 是不可数名词,因此答案 A、C 不对,又因为本句是否定句,而 alot of 只能用在肯定句中,故正确答案为 D。4【解析】答案是 C。experience 有两个中文意思, “经验”和“经历”。当表达经验时,是不可数名词,表达经历时,是可数名词。根据题意,布莱克先生是一个教学经验丰富的老师,因此此处应选 experience。而后面表达他告诉我们他在美国的一些经历,是可数名词,故应选 experiences。5【解析】答案是 A。表达一个 10岁男孩可以是 a boyof ten 或 aten-year-old boy。在 C、D答案中 year 后面多加了 s,故都不对
16、。容易混淆的是 threehours 作主语时的单复数,我们知道3小时是表示时间的概念,不管是几小时都作不可数名词,因此本题选 A。6【解析】答案是 C。鞋子是表示复数性的名词,一双鞋的表达为 apair of shoes,这样可以排除答案 A、B。又因为数量表达为一双,故谓语动词用单数 is 而不是 are。7【解析】答案是 A。many 修饰可数名词,而 B、C 中的 milk 和 food 是不可数名词,都可排除。根据题意“我们要去做生日蛋糕”,因此需要买的东西应该是新鲜的鸡蛋而不是饺子,故选 A。8【解析】答案是 D。以 man 和 woman 构成的复合词变成复数时,要采用双复数形式
17、,即女医生们表达为 womendoctors,这样可以排除 A、C ,而以 girl 和 boy 构成的复合词变成复数时,只要把后面的合成词变成复数就行了,女朋友们表达为 girlfriends。故 D 是正确的。9【解析】答案是 A。information 是不可数名词,它既没有复数形式,故可确定 B、C 不对;也不可以用具体的数量 a 来表达,因此 D 也不对。some 可以修饰可数和不可数名词,因此A 是正确答案。比较常用的不可数名词还有 news、work、advice、music、weather 等。10【解析】答案是 D。空格中应填名词所有格,表达某人的房子。在表示“王家”时,应在
18、定冠词 the 之后接姓的复数 Wangs;在表示“王家的” 时,theWangs 后面加“” ,这样就成为theWangs,而表达“ 我舅舅的房子 ”就简单多了。因此选 D。11【解析】答案选 B。A 和 C 答案都是修饰可数名词,由于本句中 water 是不可数名词,因此排除 A、C 答案。D 答案表达不准确,修饰名词时必须是用 alot of 结构,alot 只能修饰动词,并放在动词之后,如:Thanksa lot;Helpme a lot。12【解析】答案是 C。一些形容词加定冠词 the,可以作名词使用,表示具有这一特征的一类人或事物。如:theyoung 年轻人,theold 老人
19、,therich 有钱人,thepoor 穷人。13【解析】答案是 D。本题考查专有名词 Chinese 和 German 的复数形式。Chinese“中国人”的单复数形式相同;而 German“德国人”的复数形式是 Germans。这种不规则的专有名词还有 Japanese,deer,walkman ,human。14【解析】答案是 C。本题考查 fun 和 funny 的用法。fun 的意思是乐事、有趣、乐趣,是不可数名词,它没有复数形式,故 D 项是干扰项;而 funny 意思是滑稽可笑的,是形容词性质的,不可能去 y 加 es 变为复数,故 B 项也是干扰项。根据句中修饰语 alot
20、of,因其后应跟名词,因此选 C。15【解析】答案选 B。一盒牛奶表达为 acarton of milk,谓语动词用单数;两盒牛奶表达为twocartons of milk,谓语动词用复数,因此 A 项正确。C 项问的是桌上有几个纸盒,纸盒是可数名词,谓语动词用复数,也正确。D 项问桌上有多少牛奶,牛奶是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数,也是正确的。所以只有 B 项存在错误。中考英语名词经典例题练习(2)强化练习(一) 中译英1. 今天的报纸 2. 去他兄弟家3. 孩子们的新书包 4. 中国的教育5. 很多有用的信息 6. 一群鹿7. 小明的几个同学 8. 20分钟的车程9. 一张我父亲本人的照片1
21、0. 我阿姨的房子11. 三双新鞋12. 几百辆自行车13. 大量的牙齿14. 房间的门15. 几把刀16. 一张世界地图17. 儿童节18. 许多德国人19. 上海的天气20. 五英尺深的洞(二) 用适当的名词填空1. Most _ can sing this popular song. (Germany)2. Its my _ to help you with English. (please)3. During his _ from me, I was busy inside and outside. (absent)4. He bought three _ of bread for b
22、reakfast. (loaf)5. The _ are all tall and strong. (speech)6. Lu Xun was one of the most famous _ at that time. (write)7. Some of people have good_. (memorize)8. Please tell me the_. (true)9. The _ of the people on the plane surprised us a lot. (die)10. I have got Toms_. (invite)(三) 选择题1. There is no
23、 _ in the room.A chairs B cotton C desks D books2. _room is very nice.A Toms and Johns B Toms and JohnC Tom and Johns D Tom and John3. There is _ bread in my fridge. Please buy _ on your way home.A a little.some B a little.anyC little.some D little.any4. The park is only _ walk from our school.A ten
24、-minutes B ten minutesC ten minute D ten minutes5. Thanks for your_. _helpful.A advices.Theyre B advices.ItsC advice.Its D advice.Theyre6. -What are those women?-They are_.A policewomans B policewomen C women policeman D woman policewomen7. A friend of _ will come to see _ tomorrow.A me.mine B mine.
25、me C my.me D mine.mine8. Your trousers _ too dirty. You must have _ washed.A is.it B are.it C are.them D is.them9. How many _ did they buy yesterday?A rice B bag of rice C bags of rices D bags of rice10. Nowadays _ are not always made of_.A glass.glass B glasses.glass C glass.glasses D glasses.glass
26、es参考答案(一) 中译英1. todays newspaper 2. go to his brothers3. childrens new schoolbags 4. Chinese education5. much useful information 6. a group of deer7. a few classmates of Xiao Mings 8. twenty minutes ride9. a photo of my father 10. my aunts house11. three pairs of new shoes 12. hundreds of bikes13. p
27、lenty of teeth 14. the door of the room15. a few knives 16. a map of the world17. Childrens Day 18. many Germans19. Shanghais weather 20. a five-foot-deep hole(二) 用适当的名词填空1. Germans 2. pleasure 3. absence 4. loaves 5. speakers 6. writers 7. memories8. truth 9. death 10. invitation(三) 选择题1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B