1、29CIVIL RIGHTS AND THE CRISIS OF LIBERALISMREVIEW AND TEST QUESTIONSMULTIPLE CHOICE1. What finally pushed the Kennedy administration to commit to federal legislation to end segregation and protect voting rights?a. the rulings of the Warren Courtb. the riots in Northern citiesc. the bus boycott in Mo
2、ntgomery, Alabamad. the violent repression of a non-violent demonstration in Birmingham, Alabama2. The case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka concerned:a. prayers in public schools.b. federal aid to education.c. racial segregation in public schools.d. rights of the accused3. Martin Luther Kin
3、g Jr. rose to leadership in the civil rights movement during the 1950s. His strategies, different from the recent past, would become the primary techniques of the Civil Rights movement into the 1960s. What is the most accurate summary of this transition in the movement?a. Direct and often violent co
4、nfrontation replaced nonviolent passive resistance.b. Kings rhetorical skills on TV rather than organized action caught the nations attention.c. King appealed directly to President Eisenhower to lend his support to efforts to speed up desegregation.d. Kings proposed non-violent confrontation rather
5、than the NAACPs strategy of legal challenges to segregation in the courts.4. The Civil Rights Act of 1964, according to your text, “marked one of the great moments in the history of American reform.” It did all of the following EXCEPT:a. required that persons accused of crimes be informed of their r
6、ights and allowed to consult a lawyer.b. banned discrimination in public facilities.c. banned discrimination in employment.c. protected the right to vote.5. The Economic Opportunity Act, according to your text, was “the most sweeping social welfare bill since the New Deal.” Its provisions included a
7、ll EXCEPT:a. the Job Corps.b. the Peace Corps.c. development loans to rural families and urban businesses.d. a billion dollars for a new Office of Economic Opportunity.6. All of the following were elements of Johnsons “Great Society” programs, EXCEPT:a. a health insurance program for the elderly.b.
8、an anti-poverty program.c. an aid program for education.d. a funding program to return tax revenues to states.7. The Immigration Act of 1965:a. extended the national origins quota system.b. abolished the national origins quota system.c. ended all immigration from Asia.d. lifted all restrictions on i
9、mmigration from Latin America.8. What happened to fashion in the 1960s?a. Due to new, cheaper fabrics, working-class people could mimic the dress of the rich.b. During the initial stages of the Vietnam War, military-style outfits became popular, but then oriental styles took precedence as the war be
10、came unpopular.c. Dress became a symbol of individuality, as youth strove to dress as differently from each other as possible.d. Nonconformist costumes of the counterculture became standardized symbols of rebellion, but then were adopted as mainstream modes of dress.9. One of the key concepts articu
11、lated in the “Port Huron Statement” of the Students for a Democratic Society was:a. bureaucratic efficiency.b. participatory democracy.c. Marxist ideological purity.d. personal moral autonomy.10. In which place, in 1969, did all the positive forces of the counterculture come together to celebrate pe
12、ace, love, and freedom?a. Montereyb. Altamontc. Chicagod. Woodstock11. Which of the following civil rights organizations effectively used the nations judicial system to implement lasting change in America?a. NAACPb. SNCCc. COREd. Black Panthers12. For the Kennedy administration, which of the followi
13、ng presented the most divisive issue that it had to face?a. the War in Vietnamb. the Civil Rights Movementc. class divisions in Americad. labor union activism13. Supreme Court decisions designed to protect the rights of citizens who had been accused but not yet convicted of a crime were intended to
14、benefit which group in society?a. no group in particular.b. the poorc. immigrantsd. African AmericansCOMPLETION1. The liberal chief justice of the Supreme Court during the 1960s was Earl Warren.2. Kennedy persuaded civil rights leaders to use their 1963 march in the city of Washington, D.C. to press
15、ure Congress to support the Presidents civil rights bill.3. “I Have a Dream,” the great landmark speech of the civil rights movement, was delivered from the Lincoln Memorial in 1963 by Martin Luther King Jr.4. Stokely Carmichael was the leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee who par
16、adoxically rejected peaceful protest in favor of militancy and even violence in the 1960s.5. An early protest effort, known as the free-speech campaign, gave the University of California at Berkeley its reputation as a center of campus protest.6. The Supreme Court in 1954 ruled segregation in public
17、 schools unconstitutional.7. After World War II, the NAACP used lawsuits or court action as its primary strategy to advance civil rights for African Americans.8. Martin Luther King Jr. gained fame in the mid-1950s as the leader of a bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama.9. The first big test for desegr
18、egation came in the city of Little Rock, Arkansas, where President Eisenhower federalized the state National Guard when the Governor defied the court ruling.30THE VIETNAM ERA1. A group of typical U.S. soldiers in Vietnam would include all EXCEPT:a. young men.b. draftees.c. poorly educated Americans.
19、d. black or Hispanic Americans.2. In a war with uncertain goalsto escalate until the other side negotiated a settlementwhat became the measure of U.S. military success?a. bombing damage assessmentsb. body countsc. territory occupied by U.S. or South Vietnam forcesd. opinion polls showing how many So
20、uth Vietnamese supported their government3. The Gulf of Tonkin resolution, as passed by:a. the Congress, authorized President Johnson to take any measure needed to repel attacks on U.S. forces.b. the Congress, blocked further commitment of U.S. ground troops without Congressional approval.c. the U.N
21、. Security Council, called for both U.S. and North Vietnamese forces to withdraw from South Vietnam.d. the U.N. General Assembly, condemned U.S. aggression against the people of Vietnam.4. Why couldnt Americas superior technology prevail in Vietnam?a. Technology did not distinguish friend from foe.b
22、. The U.S. never exploited its technological advantages.c. The Vietnamese peasants were more influenced by the terrorist attacks of the Vietcong than the incomprehensible machines of the Americans.d. Politicians and the media refused to let the military use its technology effectively.5. Which group
23、was most likely to support the war?a. blue-collar workersb. teach-in participantsc. Students for a Democratic Societyd. SNCC and CORE6. Why did President Kennedy push the space program?a. It would be for him a public relations gold mine.b. It would be for him a giant pork barrel to pay back his poli
24、tical supporters.c. If the race for space were lost, domestic reform might be lost.d. If the race for space were lost, the Cold War might be lost.7. The most dramatic convert from supporter to opponent of the Vietnam War was:a. the Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara.b. the Chairman of the Joint C
25、hiefs of Staff, Earl Wheeler.c. the commander of American forces in Vietnam, William Westmoreland.d. the U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam, Ellsworth Bunker.8. For America, it was a great failure of foreign intelligence, a great tactical military success, and a great political defeat. It was:a. the D
26、emocratic convention of 1968.b. the War on Poverty.c. the Tet offensive.d. the theory of escalation.9. All of the following “traumas” occurred in 1968 EXCEPT:a. the first big urban race riot in Watts.b. the assassinations of Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King.c. confrontation in the streets durin
27、g the Democratic convention.d. the Tet offensive in Vietnam.10. The village of My Lai was the site of:a. the largest battle of the Tet offensive.b. a U.S. massacre of Vietnamese civilians.c. a North Vietnamese harbor mined by the U.S.d. a Marine barracks bombed by the Vietcong.11. Who was NOT a Pres
28、idential candidate in the election of November 1968?a. Lyndon Johnsonb. Richard Nixonc. George Wallaced. Hubert Humphrey12. Richard Nixon in 1968 campaigned on a platform:a. endorsing protest and permissiveness.b. promoting law and order.c. attacking liberals, intellectuals, and “long-hairs.”d. prom
29、ising immediate negotiations to end the war.13. What key segment of the American electorate did both George Wallace and Richard Nixon try to attract?a. individualistic-minded westernersb. the unemployedc. senior citizensd. the white working class14. The Nixon-Kissinger team:a. shared a global vision
30、 for a U.S. foreign policy with scaled-back commitments overseas.b. paired a traditional small-town conservative with a troubled and profane easterner.c. showed how effective an active vice-president could be.d. brought little foreign affairs expertise to the White House.15. The term “Vietnamization
31、” referred to the policy of:a. shifting the burden of actual combat to the South Vietnamese.b. training United States troops in the “Nine Rules” for understanding Vietnamese culture.c. shifting U.S. military operations from conventional tactics to guerrilla-type combat like the Viet Cong.d. counteri
32、ng anti-war propaganda with a campaign to tell the “real story” in Vietnam.16. President Nixons carrot-and-stick plan to end the war in Vietnam included all EXCEPT:a. hard-line negotiations with North Vietnam.b. shifting the burden of actual combat to the South Vietnamese.c. a swift, short invasion
33、of North Vietnam.d. a swift, short invasion of Cambodia.17. The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed:a. Vietnamization.b. a new Wilsonian internationalism.c. that the U.S. would deepen its involvement in other parts of the world once out of Vietnam.d. that the U. S. would expect its allies to share the burden
34、of preserving world peace and order.18. What is the word that describes Americas new relationship with China and the Soviet Union, as fostered by Nixon and Kissinger?a. confrontationb. divide and conquerc. detented. SALT19. Richard Nixon is best described as:a. an extremist, who deliberately and sco
35、rnfully criticized hippies and anti-war protesters.b. an ideologue, whose rigidly anti-Communist instincts led him to stand firm against the Soviets.c. a cold war liberal, committed equally to containment of Communism abroad and an active federal welfare program at home.d. a pragmatist, who deviated
36、 from his own earlier positions in both foreign and domestic policy.20. Who in the 1950s did NOT support helping Indians to end their confinement on reservations and move into the urban mainstream?a. liberals seeking to free Indians from reservationsb. conservatives seeking to roll back New Deal pro
37、gramsc. western politicians seeking access to reservation resourcesd. full-blood Indians seeking to preserve tribal culture21. Why did Hispanics and Indians have less success than blacks in creating unified movements?a. Neither group had the leadership enjoyed by the African-American civil rights or
38、ganizations.b. The white backlash discouraged activism by other racial and ethnic minorities.c. Latino and native groups preferred to identify with their particular national or tribal heritage.d. Neither group faced prejudice and discrimination the way blacks did.22. How did U.S. involvement in the
39、Vietnam war finally end?a. with the unilateral withdrawal of U.S. troopsb. with the negotiated withdrawal of U.S. troops according to a treaty with North Vietnamc. with the negotiated withdrawal of U.S. troops according to a treaty with South Vietnamd. with an international peace conference after th
40、e defeat of a large U.S. force23. Which of the following Supreme Court decisions struck down 46 state laws that restricted a womans access to abortion?a. Plessy v. Fergusonb. Roe v. Wadec. Jones v. Schaflyd. Steinam v. United StatesCOMPLETION1. Ho Chi Minh became a communist after his petition was i
41、gnored by world leaders at the Versailles or Paris or WWI peace conference.2. Levels of American troops in Vietnam rose gradually under a conscious strategydubbed escalation by its architectsdesigned to apply increasing pressure on North Vietnam.3. “Rolling Thunder” was the code name of a military o
42、peration engaged in bombing North Vietnam; it neither stabilized South Vietnam nor substantially stopped supplies from flowing from the North.4. A South Vietnamese communist was known by the label Viet Cong.5. The “war at home”the debate over the war in Vietnamwas centered in a particular kind of pl
43、ace: college campuses.6. George Wallace was the third-party candidate in 1968 who opposed civil rights and integration.7. Richard Nixon proclaimed that he represented not some small, noisy protest group, but rather the silent majority.8. Cesar Chavez gained prominence through his efforts to organize
44、 migrant farm workers into a union.9. Nixons strategy for winding down U.S. involvement in Vietnam, known as Vietnamization, attempted to shift the burden of actual combat to the South Vietnamese.10. The Nixon and Kissinger tactic of “playing the China card” referred to an effort to influence the na
45、tion of the Soviet Union by improving diplomatic relations between the U.S. and China.31THE AGE OF LIMITS1. Pundit Tom Wolfe described Americans of the 1970s as:a. the “Me Generation.”b. the “Lost Generation.”c. the “New Left.”d. the “New Right.”2. In the 1970s, the reform impulses from the 1960s fr
46、agmented or degenerated. But your text notes that “the idea of restructuring society” survived in certain areas, including all EXCEPT:a. increasing reliance on foreign oil.b. improving the quality of the environment.c. achieving equal rights for women.d. forcing business to produce safer products th
47、at were advertised more responsibly.3. All of the following accurately describe the troubled economy during the 1970s EXCEPT:a. American leadership in heavy industry, especially in automobile manufacturing, suffered from management and labor inefficiencies as well as foreign competition.b. hardest h
48、it were the older industrial cities of the Northeast and Midwest.c. economic trends changed from high inflation and high unemployment to the opposite.d. political, economic, and environmental crises undermined the American faith in limitless growth and technological solutions.4. Opposition to enviro
49、nmental reform reflected:a. conflict between racial and ethnic groups.b. conflict between social classes.c. hostility toward Ralph Nader and NOW.d. hostility toward Richard Nixon and the federal government.5. Broad changes in society were evident by the 1970s. What is NOT an accurate statement of one of these?a. Nearly half of adult women were employed outside the home.b. The activist, reform spirit of the 1960s had disappeared amid a sick economy.c. The prevalence of prepared and fast foods indicated a decline both in health
