1、15、虚拟语气（1）、定义：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。（2）、句子的语气：1. 陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的。There are two sides of every question.2. 祈使语气:表示命令、要求、请求、邀请、劝告或建议。Never be late again!3. 虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等并且这种愿望、建议等实现的可能性很少或根本不能实现。If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.（三）、简单句中的
2、虚拟语气1. 情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：Would you show me the way to the post office? 2. 表祝愿：1）. 常用“may+动词原形 ”表示祝愿，但愿，此时 may 须置于句首 May good luck be yours! May you be happy! 2）. 用动词原形。Long live the people! “God bless you,” said the priest. （四）、 条件句中的虚拟语气 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。1. 如
3、果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.2. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是 虚拟条件句。 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky.If he had driven more carefully, he could have avoided the car accident yesterda
4、y.What would you do if you won the lottery?（五）、虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法时间 条件从句形式 结果主句形式过去相反 If +主语+had + 过去分词（be 的过去式 were)would / should / might / could +have + 过去分词现在相反 动词过去式（be 动词用 were）would / should / might / could + V将来相反 动词过去式(be 动词用 were)would + V. / were to + V.would / should / might / could + V.1.
5、与过去相反 If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.2. 与现在相反 If I were you, I would take an umbrella.3. 与将来相反 If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. *If条件句的混合虚拟定义：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。原则：根据具体的情况调整If you had followed my advice before, you
6、would be better now. 与过去事实相反 与现在事实相反If you had studied hard before, you were a student now, and you would graduate from a college(从大学毕业) 与将来事实相反Practice：If you had asked him yesterday, _(你就知道怎么做)now. （do）If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he _(在看)TV now.If he_(接受我的意见), he would hav
7、e succeeded in the competition. (advice) If you had listened to the doctors ，you _ (就不会住院了)now. (hospital)I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If _ (她来了), she would have met my brother. (come) （六）、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法1. 宾语从句1)表示要求 ,命令,建议的宾语从句的虚拟语气“要求” ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg“提议、劝告、建议
8、 ” move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote“决定、命令” decide, order“主张” maintain, urge“同意、坚持” consent, insist这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词用(should) + 动词原形The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. He suggests that she should do it again.She insisted that we should find
9、the source of the river and begin our journey from there.*但并非所有情况下都用虚拟语气。如：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.这里的 suggest 是“暗示、表明”的意思。She insisted that she did nothing wrong and there was no need to make an apology.这里的 insist 是“坚持认为、坚称 ”的意思。Practice：The manager requi
10、red that the work _ (按时完成). (finish) They urged that the swimming pool _ (在暑假期间开放). (keep) Even before the judge, the young man insisted that he _ (没有拿 ) the ring. (take)2). wish 之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构过去不能实现的愿望 (1)had + 过去分词(2)would / could / might / should + hav
11、e + 过去分词现在不能实现的愿望 过去时(be 用 were )将来不能实现的愿望 would / could / might / should +VI wish I were as strong as you.I wish she were with me now I wish I had bought that house last year .I wish I would hold a birthday party next month.Practice：She seemed very upset at the news. Oh, I wish _ (我没有告诉她) it. (tell
12、)Sometimes I wish I _ (生活在) a different time and a different place. (live)3). would rather 表示“宁愿 ”，其后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构过去 had + 过去分词现在 过去式 (be 用 were )将来 过去式 (be 用 were )指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事Sb. would rather sb. did（现在/将来）/had done（过去）如：Id rather you had seen the film yes
13、terday. I would rather you came next week. Id rather he hadnt told me about it. 某人宁愿自己(没) 做过某事Sb. would rather (not) have done. 如：I would rather not have made that mistake.某人宁愿做不愿做（不用虚拟语气）would ratherthan中用动词原形 如：I would rather stay at home than go out todayI would rather he came tomorrow than today
14、.Practice:He reacted so angrily to the news. I would rather_(我没有告诉他真相). (tell)2. 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词 advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，都须用虚拟语气。其结构为：(should) + 动词原形。 My suggestion is that w
15、e （should） go there at once.His suggestion that she should do it again made her angry.Practice:His suggestion_ (我们去上海度假) is wonderful. (holiday) My suggestion was that the meeting _ (推迟) till next week and it surprised everyone. (put)3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气1). Its necessary/strange/natural/important/impossibl
16、e + that 引导的主语从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形,that 不省略It is important that we (should) develop a good habit of study.2). Its required /demanded /requested/desired /suggested /recommended /ordered It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. 3). It is a pity / a shame / no wonder+ that 引导的主语从句+(should)
17、+动词原形,that不省略 It is a shame that you should be a thief.4). It is (high) time +that . did/should do（should 不能省略）.It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.Practice：Its high time that_(我们采取措施制止爱滋病的传播). (measure)It has been proposed that health care _ (提供给) low-incomes family. It is high
18、time the results of the scientists research _ (被宣布). (declare) 4. 在 as if/as though 引导的状语从句中用法：1). as if/as though 从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。 The sky turns dark and the clouds grow thicker. It looks as if it is going to rain.2). 表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与 wish 后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。 The ma
19、n speaks as if he were a foreigner.She talked about Rome as if she had been there before. Practice：When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if _ (断了). (broke)5. if only （要是 ，那该多好啊！）与 wish 后的宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。 If only I had passed the test！If only my father were the boss of the supermar
20、ket.If only I had followed your advice.Practice:If only I _ (采纳) your suggestions. (follow)6.连词 if 的省略书面语中，条件从句可以不用 if，而将谓语中的过去式、 were、had（助动词）或 should 移动到主语之前。如：Were you in my position, you would do the same thing.= If you were in my position, you would do the same thing.If they were here now, they
21、 could help us.= Were they here now, they could help us.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.= Had you come earlier, you would have met him. *If I had money, I would buy a book.(句中 had 不是助动词，不能提前 )Practice：Had it not been for your laziness, you _ (可能已经完成) your homework. (finish) _ (如果明天下雨
22、), we would have to put off the visit to the history museum. (rain) Were it not for the fact that her family is on the position of governor, she _ (不会得到) a good job in this company. (get)_ (要是我更加细心) at that time, I might not be in trouble now. (careful)7.含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这样的句子叫做含蓄条件
23、句.一般由以下介词或介词短语 with , without ,but for , but that , or, otherwise 等词引导。What would I have done without you？But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.Without air, there would be no living things. With his help ,I would do the experiment well. Practice：_（没有他的帮助的话） ， the police couldnt have succeeded in catching the robber in such a short time. (without) _ (要不是这场雨), the crops would die. (but for)I was still ill that day. Otherwise, I _ (会参加) the sport meeting. (part).
