1、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法条件从句中的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式表示现在情况 If I (you,he,she,we,they)+动词过去式should/would/could/might+(not)+动词原形（四个有过去式的情态动词）表示过去情况 If I (you,he,she,we,they)+had+过去分词should/would/could/might+(not)+have+动词原形表示将来情况 If I (you,he,she,we,they)+动词过去式If I (you,he,she,we,they)+should+动词原形If I (you,he,she,we,they)+we
2、re to+动词原形should/would/could/might+(not)+动词原形一、从句省略连词 if 的虚拟语气 在书面语中使用虚拟语气的条件状语从句中的连词 if 可以省略，这时要把 be 动词 were 或助动词 should / had 提到从句主语的前面。 1. be 动词 were/was 提前到从句主语的前面。如：Were I you, I would take an umbrella with me.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be a
3、 sudden loud noise 如果突然一声巨响，这些动物其有可能会受到惊吓。2. 动词 should/had 提前到从句主语的前面。(只有在对过去和将来时才用这两个)如：Should I have time, I would call her. 我要是有时间就去看她。Had I known it, I have told you. Had the damage been worse, the insurance company would have paid more.要是受损更严重些，保险公司会赔得更多 二、混合(时间错综)型虚拟条件句通常虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词指时间是一致
4、的,但有时也可指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.If I were you, I would have taken his advice. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy.如果你昨天不看的话，今天就不会三、含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况并不以 if 引导的条件从句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他形式表示,常用的词和短语:without,but for,butthat,otherwise,or,but 等.1)but for, with
5、out, under, with 等介词引导的虚拟语气.Without your help(=If we had not had your help),we could not have succeeded.But for 要不是 your help, I should have been drowned. 注意 had 和 have 的位置With better equipment, we could have done it better.2) otherwise, but, or 引导的虚拟语气.I should have returned the book last week（主句）,
6、 but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.（主句）3) But that 意为 ”要不是”, 也可用来引导虚拟语气But that 要不是 he had no money at the time, he would have come to help us.4) 分词短语和不定式短语也可引导隐含的虚拟条件句.You would have laughed to see him jump aside.5)在某些隐含的虚拟条件简
7、单句中,虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来,谓语动词用 should/would be 和 should/would have been 的虚拟形式.You should have come earlier.四、虚拟语气与祈使语气的混合使用在有些情况下,条件句的谓语由 should+动词原形构成,这时主句的谓语动词既可以是虚拟语气或陈述语气,也可是祈使语气If it should rain, the plan will/ would be called off. Should anyone phone, please tell them Im busy. Even if (If) it should
8、 get stormy, I will go.五、在 If it were (had been) not for型中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气也常用于 “If it were (had been) not for” 句型中,意为”要不然”If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today. If it had not been for your help, I would have gone bankrupt. 从句中（should do）句型类1. 通常用在宾语从句中， “坚决要命”建议：advise,sugges
9、t 表明,propose,maintain,recommend 推荐 ,insist 主张 （不用）决定：decide,determine想要：beg,desire,expect,intend,demand,prefer要求：ask,require,request,urge命令：command,order附加：deserve 值得，move 动摇，感动，搬，solve，vote，consent 同意，赞成2. 主语从句It is+形容词+that 从句 advisable, adamant 坚定不移的，appropriate 适当的，better, desirable, essential，i
10、mperative必要的,命令的, important，incredible ，insistent, keen 渴望的，想要的，natural，necessary，obligatory，possible, preferable, probable，strange ， urgent，vital，unusualIt is+过去分词+that 从句It is+名词+that 从句 坚决要命的名词形式加上 duty, pity,no surprise,no wonder, regret,shame3. 表语从句和同位语从句(与上面的名词对应 )常用名词有: “坚决要命”的名词形式加上 resoluti
11、on(决心 ,决议) pray，preference，plan，idea，necessity让步状语从句中的虚拟语气 though, if, even if, even though, whatever, however, granted that 等等接代词或副词引导的让步状语从句中可以使用虚拟语气，但是主句一般用直陈语气。 Granted that you had been drunk, there is no excuse for you to do that 即使你喝醉了酒，你那样做也不容宽怒。However dangerous it might be, I would have a
12、try 无论这有多危险，我亦要试试。We wont change our plan if the rumour be true. 就算谣传是真的，我们也不会改变我们的计划。有时可以省略连接词 though 或 whether，将 be 置与句首，构成倒装语序的让步状语从句。如：Today the backbone of the key industries of an industrialized country, be the space, computers今天一个工业化国家的主要工业的关健，不论是空间枝术、计算机 虚拟语气在其他情况中的应用1. 在 would rather,had ra
13、ther, would sooner, would just as soon,might as well, would prefer 等句型中的虚拟语气. 意为”宁愿,但愿”.其形式为:对现在的虚拟和对将来的虚拟:would rather(would sooner)+主语+动词过去式 Id rather he didnt go now.对过去的虚拟:would rather(would sooner)+主语+had+过去分词 Id just as soon you had been here yesterday. 注: would rather 后也可以直接跟动词原形表示现在或将来的愿望;现在
14、完成式表示过去的愿望.Id rather go to have class.They would rather not have been to the party.would rather, had rather, would sooner, would as soon。后接省略 that 的从句，表示“希望”或“但愿”、 “情愿”、 “宁愿”，从句谓语用过去时。如：Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being.我希望你现在对此事不要采取任何行动。Id sooner they didnt deliver the new
15、 furniture tomorrow. 我宁愿他们明天不把新家具运送过来注：would rather 后面的动作主体不是前面的主语用过去式。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。是。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。原形2.在 Its (high/about/the) time (that)句型中的虚拟语气 .从句常用过去式,也可用 should+动词原形.表示早该做而未做的事情,含建议的意味. 意为 ”该是的时候了.”It is the time(that) we went home the 好像可以省略It is high time (that) the weat
16、her improved.It is time (that) the boy (should) go to school.3.Wish 后所跟的宾语从句要求谓语动词用虚拟语气,其主要形式有三种 .（与 if only 完全一样）对现在的虚拟: wish+主语+动词过去式 I wish I knew what was going to happen.对过去的虚拟: wish+主语+had+过去分词 She wished she had stayed at home.对将来的虚拟: wish+主语+would/could/might/should+动词原型 I wish I would be a
17、millionaire.注:在表示对过去的虚拟时,也可用 :wish+主语+would(could)+have+过去分词：I wish I could have seen her last night.4. If only 引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气.表愿望.其形式为:5. 由 as if 和 as though 引起的虚拟语气.其他的与 wish 和 if only 一样，只是未来只能用 wouldShe talks as if she knew all about it.He behaved as if nothing had happened.She talks about it agai
18、n and again as though she would never end.注: 在 as if 和 as though 引导的句中,若主句中的谓语动词为系动词(appear,sound,feel,smell,taste,look),从句则用陈述语气时居多.如: She looks as if she is going to cryIt seems as if well have to walk home.6. had hoped 后跟虚拟语气表示过去未实现的愿望,意为”想要,希望”.从句中的谓语动词常用: would +动词原形e.g.We had hoped that you wo
19、uld stay with us for some time.7以 lest, in case, for fear that (以免) 引导的目的状语从句。如：You should exercise vigilance lest you should be killed. 你应该提高警惕，以免被杀害。Take your coat in case it should rain/ it reins 带上雨衣，以防下雨。 注：不能用 would8.明显假设But for/that,on condition that(如果),supposing( 假若),provided(倘若),providing,unless,without,whether9.让步型虚拟语气，把系动词变成原型后再提前Whether it is good or bad-Be it good or badWhether he is rich or poor-Be he rich or poor
