1、考研英语真题经典长难句 100 句（最新修订版）新东方教育科技集团宋平明各位考研的朋友，我在实际的教学实践中，发现同学们在考研英语的准备上最为头疼的是文章中的长难句，如果能够攻克长难句，我们的阅读能力会大大的上一个台阶，鉴于此，我在前人工作的基础上，总结更新了考研英语真题长难句 100 句，并给出了自己的参考答案，供大家学习参考！祝大家考研顺利！1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumer
2、s largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 参考译文 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,
3、coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. 参考译文 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。3. If, on
4、 the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.参考译文 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
5、4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. 参考译文 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权
6、利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。5. At the same time these computers record (which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient), allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. 参考译文 同时这些计算机
7、记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. 参考译文 不计其数的其他商业企业
8、，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. 参考译文 残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的
9、潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. 参考译文 在过去的 30 年中，公共教育中显示的
10、对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. 参考译文 它( 广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公司)
11、 建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. 参考译文 除去议会有 27 件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。11. Th
12、e workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. 参考译文 得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一 一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果来显示其努力的人们的例证。12. As families move away from their stabl
13、e community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. 参考译文 随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能
14、获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。13. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming. 参考译文 现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不
15、仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招架 。14. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. 参考译文 通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。15. The
16、 current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. 参考译文 现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的 A 类好像在某个方面要比他们 B 类的同辈更胜一筹。16. While talking to you,
17、your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares“ and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. 参考译文 在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经 验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的“商品“和能力一定要以一 种有条不紊而且
18、合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。17. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain. 参考译文 英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前 会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下 的讨论话题。1
19、8. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC-including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. 参考译文 这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里
20、，甚至 要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。19. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. 参考译文 这种变化通过引
21、入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求， 并且它( 这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的 创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些 家族公司的财富。20. The “shareholders“ as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor wa
22、s not good.参考译文 这样的“股东 “对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需 求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。21. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process.The designer and the i
23、nventor, are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist“. 参考译文 正如尤金弗格森所指出的那样：“一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成 能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、 非语言表述的过程宋处理的设计者和发明者能够在他们的脑中 装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。“22. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, w
24、heel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea“. 参考译文 罗伯特法欧特曾经这样写到：“一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、 轮子等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成 自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了-种新 的思想。“23. After six months of arguing and
25、 final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia“s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. 参考译文 经过了六个月的争论以及最后 16 个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立 法当局。24. In Australia- where an
26、 aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. 参考译文 在澳大利亚，人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态度，这些因素都在发挥作用其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的法律。25. We live in a society in which the medicinal a
27、nd social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. 参考译文 我们生活在一种药品(毒品)的医学用途和社会用途都很广泛的社会里： 一片用来止头痛的阿斯匹林，一些用来社交的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神 所喝的咖啡，一支用来定神的香烟。26. Dependence is marked first by an incre
28、ased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. 参考译文 对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量，要产生想得到的效果所 需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当停止用药后，令人不快的停药 症状的出现。27. During the discussion of rock si
29、nging verses at last months stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of societys ills“ and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. 参考译文 在- 上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说：“音乐不是 社会问题的原因“，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克 斯的一个教师，并用说唱音乐与
30、学生们进行沟通。28. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since, conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Americas, have little productive slack. 参考译文 经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶，因为传 统的计量方法显示两国的经济，特别是美国的经济，几乎没有生产
31、萧条 的时候。29. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. 参考译文 很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济 结构的强有力
32、的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联 为基础的旧的经济模式。30. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. 参考译文 例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以
33、前 所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥-这些换来的就是这么个疾病滋生的水库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。31. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. 参考译文 他的同事迈克尔比尔说，有太多的公司已经用一种机械的方式实行公 司内部的重新设计，
34、在没有充分考虑长期赢利的能力下削减了成本。32. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.参
35、考译文 一项关于 1996 年新闻报道的调查显示，反科学的标签还可以贴在许多其 他团体身上，从提倡消灭最后存留的天花病毒的权威机构，到鼓吹削减 基础研究经费的共和党人(都被贴上了反科学的标签)。33. The “true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone
36、 layer and other consequences of industrial growth. 参考译文 环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人 是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提出置疑的人。34. This development-and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead-has enthroned the South as Americas most densely populated region for the first time
37、 in the history of the nations head counting. 参考译文 这种发展-以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强有力的影 响一一使得南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最密集 的地区。35. Often they choose-and still are choosing-somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden St
38、ate. 参考译文 他们常常选择 -现在依然这样选择-居住在那些气候较为寒冷的地 区， 比如俄勒冈、爱达荷，还有阿拉斯加，为的是逃避烟雾、犯罪， 以及“金州“(加利福尼亚)城市化进程中的其他问题。36. Unlike most of the world“s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth“s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interio
39、r of a plate. 参考译文 跟世界上的大多数火山不同的是，它们(热点)并不总是在由构成地球 表面巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现；相反，它们中有许多位于一个板块较纵深的内部。37. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the
40、earths interior.参考译文 携带这些大陆板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地表述出来，但是这些板块相对于另一些板块的运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对于地球内部 的运动。 38. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push“ information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. 参考译文 但是
41、，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可以直接 将信息“推出 “给顾客，直接把营销讯息传递给目标顾客。39. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, A, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. 参考译文 像 Virtual Vineyards，Amazonc
42、om 这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、 热情服务和安全性合理结合以销售同类商品的网址是可以吸引网上客户 注意的。40. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students“ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.参考译文 有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑
43、而辩，有些人为教育的彻底改革中更为广泛的理由为教室里放置电脑而辩，这两群人之间有一条无形的界线。41. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently access how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. 参考译文 我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念，这个公民人物如果不能 很恰当地认识到自己的生
44、存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影响，那么其公民特征就是不完整的。42.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. 参考译文 但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在 其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。43. In a
45、 draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning“.参考译文 在 5 月 17 日的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序言草案中，夏皮罗提出， 专家组已经达成广泛共识，那就是“试图通过成人细胞核
46、克隆来制造人类幼儿的 做法在道德上是不可接受的“。45. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. 参考译文 如果试验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规
47、划和实施的话，那么对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的。 46. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope
48、. 形式主语，宾语从句，定语从句，被动句，比较状语从句参考译文 审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。47. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible
49、 that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. 参考译文 当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时，最好应该弄清这场运动倡导者的真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理，很可能多年以后他们的理论会被视为正常。48. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right-it can hardly be classed as Literature.参考译文 然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么-就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的
