1、1距离自考英语(一),英语( 二) ,四级三项考试的时间不长了,有很多人是两项都要考的,提几点实用的说明。 1.如果有以上两项考试同时准备的话,先来看看两者关系(1)四级考试除却了单词与词组固定搭配的考查,所剩的语法大概只有非谓和虚拟,分值不超过 5 分,而语法一般最多一个月就能理解透的,因此重点在练阅读,听力和掌握历年题中出现的单词。(2)自学考试英语的语法则很细碎,应尽早花时间掌握好。(3)阅读可以用四级的统一复习,问题不大。2.两类考试背单词的方法(1)四级的背法是挑历年题中出现过的先背,再带一本单词手册,以薄的为好,多了也背不了,最好是联想记忆的那种,避免以 a 开头按字母排序那种可能
2、引起的记忆疲劳(通常以 a 开头的有不少是较生僻的,可能使信心受打击)。(2)自学考试英语单词的背法查看课文,以此为记忆氛围背单词。一课一课地背,顺带也记住了固定搭配和句型。关于课后练习,要做的只有词汇,语法和翻译,其他一律不要浪费太多时间,略过即可。3.准备这些考试是否需要语法书?总的来讲不需要,不需要通过系统的语法论述来掌握。如英语(一) 中前几章大略过一眼即可,难点在后几章,而这些也只需在你做题有困难的时候翻书查看一下,掌握对付考试最有效的几招就可以了。教材的论述客观来讲比较泛泛,适合一开始入门。我手头有的语法书不是最好的,但是应对考试很有实效的,如果大家有需要,我可以摘出精华技巧帖上来
3、,语法的研究主要是在于掌握出题的规律。P.S.关于情态动词,强调句,倒装句,定语从句,状语从句,名词从句,主谓一致的应试技巧,如果大家有需要我可以抽出应试精华作点分析。 4.最后的一点建议由于是时间有限,大家最好是边做题边翻看书复习,尽早进入状态为好。该做的做,不该做的坚决不去浪费宝贵的时间自考英语复习的几点实用建议|深圳自考辅导|自学考试学习资自考-英语(一)讲义(23)Unit 25Text A American Men Dont Cry第一段1. 第一行:American men dont cry because it is considered not characteristic o
4、f(什么的特征) men to do so.美国男人不哭,因为人们认为哭不是男人的特征。2. 第二行:Cry is a “weakness” characteristic of the female,and no American make wants to be identified with(被认为,被理解成为) anything in the least(一点、丝毫不)weak or feminine.没有一个美国男人愿意被人认为有丝毫软弱或女人气。3. 第四行:Crying(动名次放在系动词前作主语) ,in our culture,is identified with childis
5、hness,with weakness and dependence.在我们的文化中,哭被看成是幼稚、软弱和依附的表现。4. 第五行:No one likes a crybaby,and we disapprove of (不赞同)crying even in children,discouraging(劝阻)it in them as early as possible.没有人喜欢孩子哭。即使孩子们我们也不赞成他们哭,尽量早劝阻他们哭。5. 第七行:In a land so devoted to(致力于、专心于)the pursuit of(对什么的追求)happiness as ours,
6、crying really is rather un-American.在我们这样一个一心追求幸福的国家里,苦实在不是美国的风格。6. 第九行:Adults must learn not to cry in situations in which(本句话为定于从句,在关系代词 which 前用了介词,此处的原因是由于:which 代指 situations;介词 in 放在 which 前等于 in situations,表示在一些情况下) it is permissible for a child to cry.在一些场合,孩子们可以哭,但成年人必须学会做到不哭。7. 第十行:Women b
7、eing the “weaker”and “dependent”sex,it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations.本句话为虚拟语气:it is+形容词+that+ 主语+(should 可以省略)+动词原型女人是软弱的和依附的性别,他们在某些动情的场合下哭是很自然的。8. 最后一行:So goes the American belief with regard to(关于、对于)crying.2So goes sth. 这就是这既是美国人有关哭的信念。第二段1. 第一行:impress on
8、sb. 使某人铭记2. 第二行:And so we condition males in America not to cry whenever they feel like doing so.Condition sb. to do sth. 使某人出于某种状态、使习惯于、使适应;调教Condition sb. not to do sth. 请注意此处的否定式Feel like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 feel like 后面加动词的 ing 形式我们也是这样调教美国男人,不管他们什么时候想哭,都能做到不哭。3.第三行:it is not that,but that不是因为这个原因,
9、而是因为那个原因。they are trained not to cry 请注意:否定词被放在非谓语动词 to 前4.P609 第二行:And so the “little man” controls his desire to cry and goes on doing so until(直到什么时候才) he is unable to cry even when he wants to.Go on to do sth. 继续做某事(做不同的事)Go on doing sth. 继续做某事(做同一件事)于是这位小男子汉控制自己哭的愿望,并一直这样继续下去,直到后来甚至想哭的时候也不会哭了。5
10、.P609 第九行:be known as 被认为是6.第十行:serve a function for sth. 起作用;as a whole 作为整体7.第十行: Any interference with(干涉)homeostasis is likely to(有可能做某事)be damaging to(对谁造成损害)the organism.对体内平衡的任何干扰都可能损害机体。9. 最后一行:incapacity to do sth. 没有做某事的能力;capacity to do sth. 有做某事的能力第四段1. 第一行:To be human is to weep. 哭是人的天性
11、。2. 第一行:The human species is the only one in the whole of animated nature that sheds tears.(流泪)人类是动物界中唯一能流泪的物种。3. 第二行:inability to do sth. 没有做某事的能力;capacity to do sth. 有做某事的能力4. 第五行:among other things 除了其他方面;此外5. 第七行:If we feel like it,let us all have a good cry-and clear our minds of those cobwebs
12、of confusion which have for so long prevented us from understanding the natural necessity of crying.Clear sth. of sth. 把什么从什么中清除Prevent sb. from doing sth. 组织某人做某事假如我们想哭,就让我们痛痛快快地哭一场,把那些长期妨碍我们认知哭泣这一自然需要的那些陈腐混乱观念从我们的头脑中清除出去。Text B Stop Worrying Now!第一段1. 第一行:Worry is one of the most common(最常见的, most
13、 common 是 common 的最高级)forms of emotional distress in our culture. 忧虑是精神苦恼在我们文化中最常见的一种表现形式。2. 第二行:Almost everyone spends a considerable(相当大的,相当多的,相当可观的)amount of present moments worrying about the future.Spend time doing sth. 花时间做某事几乎每个人都把现在相当多的时间用于为将来忧虑。3. 第四行:Obsessive worry will never make things
14、any(用来修饰比较级,表示强调)better.过分的忧虑完全于事无补。4. 第五行:In fact,such worry will very likely help you to be less effective in dealing with the present.Be effective in sth./doing sth. 有效的做某事Deal with sth. 处理某事事实上,这种忧虑很可能让你在处理现在的事情时成效更小。第二段31. 第一行:In order to reduce worry,it is necessary to understand the subconsci
15、ous psychological “payoffs” for choosing to worry in the first place.in order to do sth. 为了做某事it 在这里是形式主语,阴影部分是动词不定式作真正的主语payoff for doing sth. 做某事所得到的补偿in the first place 首先为了减少忧虑,首先有必要弄明白人们爱忧虑所能得到的潜意识心里补偿是怎么回事。2. 第三行:This is a common lament,and one with a payoff that keeps you standing still and a
16、voiding the risk of action.Keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事人们普遍这样诉苦,这种诉苦的回报会让你安之若素,避免贸然行动。3. 第五行:Clearly,it is easier,if less rewarding,to worry than to be an active,involved(投入的) person.很清楚,如果只求较少回报的话,做一个愁苦忧虑的人比作一个积极投入的人更容易。第三段1. 第一行:By worrying about someone else,you can label yourself as a caring per
17、son.Worry about sb. 担心某人Label oneself as 把自己算/ 看成Caring person 关心别人的人你为别人操心,这样你可以把自己算成关心别人的人。2. 第三行:I cant help worrying-its because I love you.Cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事我做不到不为你操心-因为我爱你。3. 第三行:A handsome dividend,although lacking in(缺少)logical,healthy thinking.这是个相当不错的回报,只不过缺乏合乎逻辑的、正常的思维。第四段1. 第二行:
18、You have a good reason for hanging on to the worry behavior.Have a good reason for doing sth. 很有理由做某事Hang on to sth. 继续做某事;紧紧抓住;求助;依靠于;因此你有很好的理由继续忧虑下去。2. 第三行:Similarly,you may find yourself smoking more in troublesome situations, and can use the worry to avoid giving up smoking.Find sb. doing sth. 发
19、现某人做某事(这里的 doing 是作宾语补足语的)Avoid doing sth. 避免做某事(avoid 后面只能加动词的 ing 形式)同样,你可能发现你在烦恼的情况下抽烟的更多,你可以用忧虑作口实,不去戒烟。3. 第五行:It may be easier for you to worry about chest pains than to risk finding out the truth, and then having to deal directly with yourself.It 为形式主语,阴影中的动词不定式是真正的主语Risk doing sth. 冒险做某事(risk
20、 后面只能加动词的 ing 形式)Deal with oneself 处理自己的问题为胸痛而忧虑比冒险找出病因,然后不得不自己直接处理自己的问题更容易做到。第五段1. 第二行:While these may not seem to be payoffs,they do result in(导致) considerable attention from others and justify much self-pity as well.尽管这不能算回报,但它能引起别人的深切关注并能证明自怜是有道理的。2. P704 第二行:And some people would rather be piti
21、ed(被人怜悯的) than fulfilled(充分发挥自己才能的) 。有些人宁愿被人怜悯也不愿充分发挥自己的才能。Unit 24Text A Saving the Rainforests for Future Generations4第一段1. 第三行:They are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up(加快) the economic growth of the nations in which(定于从句,which 代指前面的 nations,所以 in which 可以理解为 in th
22、e nations) they are located.雨林被砍伐,其目的是获取珍贵木材和其他资源以加快森林所在国家的经济发展。2. 第五行:The most recent figures show that the area of rainforest destroyed(过去分词作后置定语,表被动) last year alone(仅仅) was bigger than the size of Great Britain and Ireland.最近的数字表明,仅去年一年热带雨林被毁的面积已经大于大不列颠和爱尔兰两国的面积总和。第二段1. 第一行:时态题 If the present ra
23、te of deforestation is allowed to continue, the consequences for the earth will be great.在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,主句用将来时,从句用现在时表将来。如果听任现在的这种毁林速度继续下去,给地球带来的后果会很严重。第三段1. 第一行:According to many scientists, the burning of rainforests is also directly contributing to(促成) the so-called greenhouse effect.据许多科学家的意见,热
24、带雨林被烧毁还直接促成所谓的温室效应。第四段1. 第一行:medicine chest 医药库;unlimited 无限的2. 第二行:The US National Cancer Institute has identified 2,000 rainforest plants which could be beneficial in(对什么有益) fighting cancer.美国国家抗癌协会找到的 2000 多种雨林植物队战胜癌症可能有益。3. 最后一行:derive from 从什么中获得第五段1. 第一行:Plant species are not the only forms of
25、 life threatened(过去分词在名次后作定语,表被动,意思为:受到什么的威胁) with extinction in the rainforest.植物物种并不是热带雨林中唯一受到灭绝威胁的生物。2. 最后一行:since the turn of the century 自本世纪初第六段1. 第一行:In the face of (面对)all these facts, it seems senseless (愚蠢的)for countries to continue destroying (continue doing sth. 继续做正在做的事)their rainforest
26、s.面对所有这些事实,哪些国家仍然继续毁林看来十分愚蠢。2. 第三行:The countries in which(定语从句,之所以在 which 前面加了介词 in 是由于定语从句中有一个词组 be located in :位于什么地方。当定于从句中有动介词组时,正式的用法是把介词放在关系词前) the rainforests are located are all quite poor and overpopulated.雨林所在的国家都十分贫穷,人口过多。3. 第四行:One of them, Brazil, has a population of (拥有多少人口)140 million
27、, about half of whom(定语从句关系词代指前面的 population) are living in absolute poverty.其中之一的巴西就有 1.4 亿人口,差不多一半的人生活在绝对贫困状态之中。4. 第五行:The governments in these countries are usually also too weak to(太怎么样以至于不能怎样) stop large companies and powerful individuals from(stop sb. from sth./doing sth.阻止某人做某事) destroying th
28、e rainforests.这些国家的政府往往也太软弱,制止不了大公司和有权势的个人毁坏森林。5. 第九行:The governments often have no choice but (仅有) to turn a blind eye. 政府常常别无选择,只能视而不见。第七段1. 第一行:The only solution to(问题的解决方案) the problem, then, seems to be for the richer countries of the world to help the countries where (where 在这里等于 in which)the
29、rainforests are located.那么解决问题的唯一办法看来是要靠世界上的富国帮助热带雨林所在的国家。2. 第七行:regard sth./sb. as 把某事/某人当作什么;make a living 谋生5第八段1. Such programs could teach the local people how to select trees worth exporting (worth 后面加动词的 ing 形式)and to cut only those trees down while leaving the rest, so that(因此) the basic mak
30、e-up of the forest would not be disturbed.这些计划可以教会本地人怎样选择值得出口的树木,仅仅砍伐那些树,从而留下其他树木,这样就可保持森林的基本构成不受破坏。2. On the spot 就地自考英语(一)讲义(22)|Unit 21Text A The Language of Uncertainty第一段1. Uncertainty spreads through our lives so thoroughly that it dominates our language.(第一句)Spread (传播) through our lives thor
31、oughly=在我们的生活中无处不在不确定性在我们的生活中无所不在,以致它支配着我们的语言。2. 第二句:is made up in large part of wordsbe made up of 构成;in large part 很大程度上3. 第五行:“is likely to destroy forever the nation that wages it.”Be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事;wage it(the war) 发动战争4. 最后一句话:Lacking (现在分词作原因状语,用现分的原因是主语 we 能够发出 lack 的动作) any standa
32、rd for estimating the probability, we are left with(放任) the judgment of the editorial writer.因为我们缺乏任何估计这一可能性的标准,只好听任社论作者去做出判断了。第二段1. 第一句:Such verbal imprecision is not necessarily to be criticized.Be necessarily to do sth. 做某件事情没有太大必要句中采用了 to be criticized 是由于主语 verbal imprecision(言辞的不精确性)无法发出 criti
33、cize(批评)的动作。这类言辞的不精确性并非一定要受到批评。2. 第二句:allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事be out of the question 不可能;不能接受;be out of question 没问题第三段1. 最后一句:can not be reduced to sth./sb.be reduced to 转化为第四段1. 第一句:pin down sth. 准确说明2. 最后一句:compare sb./sth. with sb./sth. 拿某人或某事对比第五段1. First, we find that the number depends, o
34、f course, on the items involved.(过去分词作后置定语,表示涉及)Depend on 依靠;依赖当然,我们首先发现的是数目决定于涉及的事务。2. 第三行:However, unrelated(不相关的) areas sometimes show parallel(相似、类似) values.然而,同一个词在不相关的领域中有时量值相似。3. 第五行:be certain to do sth. 一定做某事4. 第六行:signify to sb. 对某人意味着be likely to do sth. 很有可能做某事自考英语(一)讲义(21)|Unit 20Text A
35、 You Cant Do It Because It Hurts Nobody搭配:61. Be aware that+从句 意识到2. Range fromto范围从什么到什么3. Vary in degree 程度不同4. Be tolerant of 忍受5. Care about 在意6. Prevent sb. from sth./doing sth. 阻止某人做某事7. When it comes to doing sth. 涉及到,谈到8. A mass of 众多9. End up with 以什么来结束10. Keep an eye on sb. 留心,留意语言点:1. Cu
36、stom 风俗、习惯; customs 海关2. In case+句子,表示“ 假如,万一”3. Much less than 这里 less 是 little 得比较级,less than 是比什么少的意思,much 放在比较级前用来强调。4. In addition to breaking the law themselves, people tolerate various levels of crime.5. It may be that, by seeing others do something, we accept it more easily. See sb. do sth.
37、看到某人做某事的全过程,或,see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事6. Most people will find it easier to speed on a highway when everybody else is driving over the speed limit.此句为形式宾语句,形式宾语句的顺序如下:主语+谓语+it+ 名词或形容词+动词不定式 to+其他7. We must also wonder whether seeing violence on television or reading(动名词作主语) about it in the newspa
38、pers every day makes us tolerate crime more than we should.8. Used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事Be/get/become used to doing sth. 现在习惯于做某事9. They may not mind cheating on taxes. Mind 后面需要加动词的 ing 形式。10. Acceptable 可以接受的11. Have misconception about sth. 对什么有错误的观点12. It is surprising+从句,之所以用 surprising 而不是 surp
39、rised 是由于它表示某事令某人惊讶;surprised 更倾向于某人内心自我感到惊讶13. 10% of Canadians have a criminal record. 语法题:百分比或分数,其后如果是可数名次复数,那么谓语动词用复数;其后如果是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。Text B Marriage in Iran and America: A Study in Contrasts语言点:1. Though marriage is practiced(人们都在做的事) in almost all countries of the world, the customs are qit
40、e different from one culture to another.(第一自然段第一句):虽然结婚是世界上几乎所有的国家的人们都在做的事情,但结婚的习俗确随文化不同而大相径庭。2. It(形式主语) is interesting for me to(动词不定式作真正主语) compare the customs of marriage in the United States with(compare sth./sb. with sth./sb.拿什么人或时进行比较) those in my country.(第一自然段第二行)3. Ive lived in the U.S. fo
41、r four years now, but Im still not comfortable with(对什么习惯) the customs here.我在美国已经生活了四年,但还是不习惯这里的风俗习惯。4. In fact, what seems strange to me(主语从句中缺少主语指事用 what) is that courting or dating is not always for the purpose of(为了什么的目的) finding a husband or wife.(第二自然段第二行)其实,我觉得奇怪的是,求爱或者约会的目的并非总是为了找丈夫或者妻子。5.
42、Do sth. as a hobby 把做什么当作习惯6. 翻译题:They seem to have a lot of freedom to decide and do what they want.(第三自然段第二行)它们有很大的自由来决定和做自己想做的事。7. Do sth. without the knowledge of sb. 做某事而不让某人知晓8. In fact, I have known several friends who got married(结婚) without even telling(动名词作介词宾语) their parents or other fami
43、ly members.79. Wedding ceremony 结婚典礼10. A prepared speech 准备好的演讲11. Be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事12. If they both say “yes, ” and nobody attending(现在分词做后置定语) the wedding stands up to object(站起身反对) , they are declared “man and wife.”(第四自然段倒数第四行)如果双方都说同意,并且出席婚礼的人当中也没人站起来反对,就宣布他们为夫妻自考英语(一)讲义(20) |Unit 19
44、Text A Animals at Risk: Who Cares?搭配:1. Keep pace with 跟上步伐2. Compete with 与谁竞争3. Threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事构成威胁4. Be claim to be 声称5. Be concerned about 对什么感到很担心6. Look after 照顾7. Be armed with 装备语言点:1. An animal species becomes(虽然 species 是以 s 结尾,但此处该词跟在冠次 an 后,还是单数,所以谓语become 用了单数) extinct when it
45、 fails to produce enough young in each generation to keep pace with the death rate.2. Better-adapted 更能适应环境的3. A number of examples can be given of the way in which(定于从句之所以用 in which,是因为 in the way 表示以某种方式) natural environments are being rapidly changed.4. Likelihood 可能性5. Because 表示因为是连词,后面应该接句子;be
46、cause of 表示因为是介词短语,后加名词或代词。6. Provided(that )+ 从句,表示如果7. There is great pleasure in watching wildlife in natural or near-natural environments.Text B The killer Smogs搭配:1. Be filled with 充满2. Be caused by 由什么引起的3. Turn into 转变成4. Combine sth./sb. with 把什么结合在一起5. Be blown away 被吹走6. Be due to sb./sth.
47、/doing sth. 因为7. Breath in 呼进语言点:1. Fog(n.雾)-foggy (adj.雾的)2. The first reported event 第一个被报道的事3. Older people with lung or heart diseases were hit(受害最重/ 受打击最重) hardest.4. Deadly 致命的5. Bad 的最高级 worst6. The polluted air 被污染的空气7. Affect( v.影响)自考英语(一)讲义(19)|Unit 18Text A Why Are Maps Drawn with North a
48、t the Top?搭配:1. Little more than 仅仅是82. Place sth. on a sound footing 把什么建立在可靠的基础上3. Be known to sb./sth. 为某人或某事所知4. Base on 建立在什么基础之上5. Rather than 而不是6. Attempt to 试图做某事7. In the form of 以某种形式8. Be unaware that+从句 没有意识到9. The reason for sth. 什么的原因10. Interfere with 干涉11. In accordance with 根据12. W
49、ith the spread of sth. 随着什么的扩展13. Increasing reliance on sb./sth. 越来越依赖语言点:1. It was not until many centuries later that the ancient Greeks placed the science of map-making on a sound footing. 这是一个典型的强调句型,not until many centuries later 是被强调的成分。2. Flattened 平面的3. Given(考虑到) the state of knowledge of those times, he got things wrong.4. His estimate of China and the Atlantic Ocean was far from being accurate.(动名词作介词宾语,表示一点不准确)5. Move(v.移动)-immovable(adj.固定不变的) ;use(v.使用)-useless (adj.无用的)6. Assume 假定Text B You Have a Choice搭配:1. Travel side by side 并列行驶2. Be cer