1、英语国际音标一览表音标是由音素组成的。音素一般分成元音和辅音。元音是指发音时在口腔中不受发音器官的任何阻碍(如:舌头、牙齿和嘴层等) ,且没有带摩擦音的音。而辅音是指发音过程中在口腔内部分或全部受到发音器官的阻碍的音。元音音素(20 个)一、根据发音时舌头部位抬高的位置,分为三大类:1前元音 i: :sea, please, sleep, even i :any, pig, sit, little e :bed, get, very :and, bag, carry, family2后元音 a: :car, arm, heart :job, top, copy, hospital : :doo
2、r, fall, talk, story u :full, cook, woman u: :do, rule, group, music3中元音 : :her, turn, work, dirty :about, forget, breakfast, over :love, luck, mother以上的元音同时又称为单元音(共 12 个) 。其余为双元音 ei : say, age, train, face, daily u : go, road, boat, colder ai : eye, cry, time, like, writer au :now, loud, out, house
3、, allow i :boy, oil, noise, voice, appointment i :here, real, theatre, experience :where, pears, careful, airplane u : sure, Europe, crulty二、根据发音的长短,元音又可分为长元音和短元音。长元音用长音符号(:)表示。如:长元音 i: a: : : u: 短元音 i e u 等辅音音素(28 个)1爆破辅音 p 双唇爆破清辅音:pick, keep, happy b 双唇爆破浊辅音:bed, job, about t 齿龈爆破清辅音:teach, part,
4、pretty d 齿龈爆破浊辅音:desk, hard, ready k 后舌爆破清辅音:key, speak, chicken g 后舌爆破浊辅音:good, big, forget2摩擦辅音 f 齿唇摩擦清辅音:foot, half, after v 齿唇摩擦浊辅音:very, give, clever 舌齿摩擦清辅音:thing, tooth, nothing 舌齿摩擦浊辅音:this, with, father s 齿龈摩擦清辅音:see, pass, missing z 齿龈摩擦浊辅音:zoo, nose, busy 腭与齿龈摩擦清辅音:short, wish, nation 腭与齿
5、龈摩擦浊辅音:garage, pleasure r 齿龈后部无摩擦持续音:red, carry, for example h 声门摩擦音:home, behind, hotel3破擦辅音 t 腭与齿龈破擦清辅音:chin, rich, nature d 腭与齿龈破擦浊辅音:just, page, enjoy tr 后齿龈破擦清辅音:tree, country dr 后齿龈破擦浊辅音:drink, address ts 齿龈破擦清辅音:hats, boots, rats tz 齿龈破擦浊辅音:birds, cards, hands4鼻辅音 m 双唇鼻音:moon, come, number n 齿槽鼻音:neck, soon, under 后舌鼻音:sing, length5舌边辅音 l 清晰舌侧音:leave, colour* l 模糊舌侧音: well, help6半辅音/半元音 w 双唇后舌半辅/半元音:we, which, swim, away j 舌前硬腭半辅/半元音:usually young, beyond, beauty注:清辅音指无声的辅音,即发音时声带展开但不震动;浊辅音指有声的辅音,即发音时声带震动。